{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T07:41:35Z","timestamp":1761896495184},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-2957-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]],"date-time":"2017-03-31T09:54:59Z","timestamp":1490954099000},"page":"3759-3771","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["OFDM symbol identification by an unsupervised learning system under dynamically changing channel effects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Miguel Angelo","family":"de Abreu de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emilio","family":"Del-Moral-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2957_CR1","unstructured":"Joshi H (2013) Performance augmentation of OFDM system. Thesis, Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2957_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2012.301.314","volume":"12","author":"P Praveenkumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Praveenkumar P, Amirtharajan R, Thenmozhi K, Rayappan JBB (2012) Regulated OFDM-role of ECC and ANN: a review. J Appl Sci 12(4):301\u2013314","journal-title":"J Appl Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2957_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-65002007000100003","volume":"12","author":"DV Loss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Loss DV, Castro MCF, Franco PRG, Castro FCC (2007) Concurrent blind channel equalization with phase transmittance RBF neural networks. J Braz Comput Soc 12(4):17\u201324","journal-title":"J Braz Comput Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2957_CR4","first-page":"609","volume":"8","author":"S Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han S (2010) Self-organizing map for blind channel equalization. Int J Kim 8(6):609\u2013617","journal-title":"Int J Kim"},{"key":"2957_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathkanthiwar S, Dethe CG, Kulat KD (2011) A neural approach for overall improvement of OFDM system. In: Proceedings of the international conference on sustainable energy and intelligent systems, Chennai, pp 764\u2013769","DOI":"10.1049\/cp.2011.0466"},{"key":"2957_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Senevirathna HMSB, Yamashitha K, Lin H (2005) Self organizing map based channel prediction for OFDMA. In: IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems, Kobe, pp 2506\u20132509","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2005.1465135"},{"issue":"1","key":"2957_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2009.08.005","volume":"23","author":"S Bashir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bashir S, Naeem M, Shah SI (2010) A comparative study of heuristic algorithms GA and UMDA in spatially multiplexed communication systems. Eng Appl Artif Intell 23(1):95\u2013101","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"2957_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2016.03.009","volume":"80","author":"RA Valente","year":"2016","unstructured":"Valente RA, Abr\u00e3o T (2016) MIMO transmit scheme based on morphological perceptron with competitive learning. Neural Netw 80:9\u201318","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"2957_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-011-0796-y","volume":"22","author":"IG Muhammad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Muhammad IG, Tepe KE, Abdel-Raheem E (2013) QAM equalization and symbol detection in OFDM systems using extreme learning machine. Neural Comput Appl 22:491\u2013500","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2957_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2003.820834","volume":"14","author":"S Hirose","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hirose S, Nagashima T (2003) Predictive self-organizing map for vector quantization of migratory signals and its application to mobile communications. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 14(6):1532\u20131540","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"2957_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Javidi F, Khoshbin H (2013) Performance of back-propagation and self organizing map neural equalizers for asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM. In: Proceedings of the 21st Iranian conference on electrical engineering, Mashhad, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2013.6599724"},{"key":"2957_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28487-7","volume-title":"FPGA implementations of neural networks","author":"AR Omondi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Omondi AR, Rajapakse JC (2006) FPGA implementations of neural networks. Springer, Dordrecht"},{"issue":"13","key":"2957_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2006.0177","volume":"4","author":"S Furber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Furber S, Temple S (2007) Neural systems engineering. J R Soc Interface 4(13):193\u2013206","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"73","key":"2957_CR14","first-page":"2011","volume":"5","author":"G Indiveri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Indiveri G, Linares-Barranco B, Serrano-Gotarredona T et al (2011) Neuromorphic silicon neuron circuits. Front Neurosci 5(73):2011","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2957_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2013.04.005","volume":"45","author":"JH Barron-Zambrano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barron-Zambrano JH, Torres-Huitzil C (2013) FPGA implementation of a configurable neuromorphic CPG-based locomotion controller. Neural Netw 45:50\u201361","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"2957_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2011.09.002","volume":"25","author":"M Kolasa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kolasa M, Duglosz R, Pedrycz W, Szulc M (2012) A programmable triangular neighborhood function for a Kohonen self-organizing map implemented on chip. Neural Netw 25:146\u2013160","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"2957_CR17","first-page":"304","volume-title":"The handbook of brain theory and neural networks","author":"D Hammerstrom","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hammerstrom D (2003) Digital VLSI for neural networks. In: The handbook of brain theory and neural networks, MIT Press, Massachusetts, pp 304\u2013309"},{"issue":"2","key":"2957_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-010-0423-3","volume":"20","author":"MA \u00c7avuslu","year":"2011","unstructured":"\u00c7avuslu MA, Karakuzu C, \u015eahin S, Yakut M (2011) Neural network training based on FPGA with floating point number format and it\u2019s performance. Neural Comput Appl 20(2):195\u2013202","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"2957_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-013-1428-5","volume":"24","author":"ST Pan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pan ST, Lan ML (2014) An efficient hybrid learning algorithm for neural network based speech recognition systems on FPGA chip. Neural Comput Appl 24(7\u20138):1879\u20131885","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"2957_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu F, Yin S, Ouyang P, Liu L, Wei S (2015) Neural approximating architecture targeting multiple application domains. In: IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems (ISCAS), pp 2509\u20132512","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2015.7169195"},{"key":"2957_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2012.11.045","volume":"112","author":"J Lachmair","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lachmair J, Merenyi E, Porrmann M, Ruckert U (2013) A reconfigurable neuroprocessor for self-organizing feature maps. Neurocomputing 112:189\u2013199","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2957_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brassai ST (2014) FPGA based hardware implementation of a self-organizing map, In: International conference on intelligent engineering systems, pp 101\u2013104","DOI":"10.1109\/INES.2014.6909349"},{"issue":"10","key":"2957_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2008.04.007","volume":"54","author":"W Kurdthongmee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kurdthongmee W (2008) A novel hardware-oriented Kohonen SOM image compression algorithm and its FPGA implementation. J Syst Archit 54(10):983\u2013994","journal-title":"J Syst Archit"},{"issue":"8","key":"2957_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2012.2197077","volume":"22","author":"K Appiah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Appiah K, Hunter A, Dickinson P, Meng H (2012) Implementation and applications of tri-state self-organizing maps on FPGA. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 22(8):1150\u20131160","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2957_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2014.2335831","volume":"25","author":"H Hikawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hikawa H, Kaida K (2015) Novel FPGA implementation of hand sign recognition system with SOMHebb classifier. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 25(1):153\u2013166","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"2957_CR26","first-page":"112","volume-title":"Field-programmable logic and applications","author":"C Dick","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dick C, Harris F (2002) FPGA QAM demodulator design. In: Glesner M, Zipf P, Renovell M (eds) Field-programmable logic and applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 112\u2013121"},{"key":"2957_CR27","unstructured":"Lin C, Shao B, Zhang J (2010) A high data rate parallel demodulator suited to FPGA implementation. In: International symposium on intelligent signal processing and communication systems (ISPACS), pp 1\u20134"},{"key":"2957_CR28","unstructured":"SPIB (2013) Signal processing information base. \n                        http:\/\/spib.linse.ufsc.br\/index.html\n                        \n                    . Accessed 20 Sept 2016"},{"key":"2957_CR29","volume-title":"Data communications and networks: an engineering approach","author":"J Irvine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Irvine J, Harle D (2001) Data communications and networks: an engineering approach, first edn. Wiley, London","edition":"first"},{"key":"2957_CR30","volume-title":"Discrete-time signal processing","author":"AV Oppenheim","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oppenheim AV, Schafer RW (2009) Discrete-time signal processing, vol 3rd. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River"},{"issue":"1","key":"2957_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOM.1980.1094577","volume":"28","author":"Y Linde","year":"1980","unstructured":"Linde Y, Buzo A, Gray RM (1980) An algorithm for vector quantizer design. IEEE Trans Commun 28(1):84\u201395","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"key":"2957_CR32","volume-title":"Vector quantization and signal compression","author":"A Gersho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gersho A, Gray RM (2012) Vector quantization and signal compression. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2957_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00337288","volume":"43","author":"T Kohonen","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kohonen T (1982) Self-organized formation of topologically correct feature maps. Biol Cybern 43(1):59\u201369","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"2957_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2012.09.018","volume":"37","author":"T Kohonen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kohonen T (2013) Essentials of the self-organizing map. Neural Netw 37:52\u201365","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"2957_CR35","unstructured":"Pe\u00f1a J, Vanegas M, Valencia A (2006) Digital hardware architectures of Kohonen\u2019s self organizing feature maps with exponential neighboring function. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on reconfigurable computing and FPGA\u2019s, San Luis Potosi, pp 1\u20138"},{"key":"2957_CR36","volume-title":"MATLAB implementations and applications of the self-organizing map","author":"T Kohonen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kohonen T (2014) MATLAB implementations and applications of the self-organizing map. Unigrafia Oy, Helsinki"},{"key":"2957_CR37","unstructured":"Sass R, Schmidt AG (2010) Embedded systems design with platform FPGAs: principles and practices, 1st edn. Morgan Kaufmann, ISBN-13: 978-0123743336"},{"key":"2957_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, Sutton P (2003) FPGA implementations of neural networks a survey of a decade of progress. In: International conference on field programmable logic and applications. Springer Berlin, pp 1062\u20131066","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-45234-8_120"},{"issue":"1","key":"2957_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2007.06.004","volume":"32","author":"A Ramirez-Agundis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ramirez-Agundis A, Gadea-Girones R, Colom-Palero R (2008) A hardware design of a massive-parallel, modular NN-based vector quantizer for real-time video coding. Microprocess Microsys 32(1):33\u201344","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsys"},{"key":"2957_CR40","first-page":"343","volume-title":"Frame structure channel coding and modulation for the second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2)","author":"DocumentA122 DVB","year":"2008","unstructured":"DocumentA122 DVB (2008) Frame structure channel coding and modulation for the second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system (DVB-T2), ETSI, Sophia Antipolis, pp 343\u2013346"},{"key":"2957_CR41","unstructured":"Duglosz R, Kolasa M, Szulc M (2011) An FPGA implementation of the asynchronous programmable neighborhood mechanism for WTM self-organizing map. In: International conference on mixed design of integrated circuits and systems, pp 258\u2013263"},{"key":"2957_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2005.06.012","volume":"18","author":"H Hikawa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hikawa H (2005) FPGA implementation of self organizing map with digital phase locked loops. Neural Netw 18:514\u2013522","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"2957_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashmawy D, Banovic K, Abdel-Raheem E, Youssif M, Mansour H, Mohanna M (2009) Joint MCMA and DD blind equalization algorithm with variable-step size. In: International conference on electro\/information technology, pp 174\u2013177","DOI":"10.1109\/EIT.2009.5189605"},{"key":"2957_CR44","volume-title":"Probability, random variables and stochastic processes","author":"A Papoulis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Papoulis A, Pillai SU (2002) Probability, random variables and stochastic processes, 4th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York","edition":"4"},{"issue":"3","key":"2957_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2008.2001145","volume":"54","author":"FD Agostini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Agostini FD, Carboni S, Castro MC, Castro FC, Trindade D (2008) Adaptive concurrent equalization applied to multicarrier OFDM systems. IEEE Trans Broadcast 54(3):441\u2013447","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Broadcast"},{"key":"2957_CR46","volume-title":"Circuit design and simulation with VHDL","author":"VA Pedroni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pedroni VA (2010) Circuit design and simulation with VHDL. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"2957_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-014-1693-y","volume":"25","author":"MAC Fernandes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fernandes MAC (2014) Neural equalization applied to systems with bidimensional digital modulation. Neural Comput Appl 25:2057\u20132066","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2957-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2957-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2957-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,27]],"date-time":"2018-11-27T10:41:00Z","timestamp":1543315260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2957-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2957"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2957-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,31]]}}}