{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:24:57Z","timestamp":1786980297257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-2990-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T06:28:57Z","timestamp":1491373737000},"page":"327-336","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":129,"title":["An artificial neural network approach for under-reamed piles subjected to uplift forces in dry sand"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5625-1437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Moayedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2990_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1680\/geng.13.00140","volume":"168","author":"R Nazir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nazir R, Moayedi H, Mosallanezhad M, Tourtiz A (2015) Appraisal of reliable skin friction variation in a bored pile. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering 168(1):75\u201386","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering"},{"issue":"8","key":"2990_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1139\/cgj-2015-0212","volume":"52","author":"ZSZ Mosquera","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mosquera ZSZ, Tsuha CDC, Schiavon JA, Thorel L (2015) Discussion of \u201cfield investigation of the axial resistance of helical piles in dense sand\u201d. Can Geotech J 52(8):1190\u20131194","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2990_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-013-0315-z","volume":"19","author":"F Milad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Milad F, Kamal T, Nader H, Erman O (2015) New method for predicting the ultimate bearing capacity of driven piles by using flap number. KSCE J Civ Eng 19(3):611\u2013620","journal-title":"KSCE J Civ Eng"},{"key":"2990_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/40744(154)160","volume-title":"Design of pile foundations for liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacements","author":"K Arulmoli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arulmoli K, Martin GR, Gasparro MG, Shahrestani S, Buzzoni G (2004) Design of pile foundations for liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacements. Amer Soc Civil Engineers, New York"},{"key":"2990_CR5","volume-title":"The design of piled-raft foundations under lateral load","author":"S Borel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Borel S, Xv I (2001) The design of piled-raft foundations under lateral load. A a Balkema Publishers, Leiden"},{"key":"2990_CR6","volume-title":"Pile design and construction practice \u201c5th edition\u201d","author":"M Tomlinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tomlinson M, Woodward J (2008) Pile design and construction practice \u201c5th edition\u201d. Taylor and Francis Group, New York"},{"issue":"6","key":"2990_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1680\/jgeen.14.00154","volume":"168","author":"DE Harris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harris DE, Madabhushi GSP (2015) Uplift capacity of an under-reamed pile foundation. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering 168(6):526\u2013538","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Geotechnical Engineering"},{"key":"2990_CR8","first-page":"2550","volume-title":"Advances in civil engineering, pts 1\u20136","author":"N Zhao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhao N, Geng HX, Ma K, Li KN (2011) Elastic-plastic analysis on damaged multi-tower isolation structure with an enlarged base. In: Zhao JY (ed) Advances in civil engineering, pts 1\u20136. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Stafa-Zurich, pp 2550\u20132554"},{"issue":"2","key":"2990_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0887-381X(2003)17:2(68)","volume":"17","author":"DC Sego","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sego DC, Biggar KW, Wong G (2003) Enlarged base (belled) piles for use in ice or ice-rich permafrost. J Cold Reg Eng 17(2):68\u201388","journal-title":"J Cold Reg Eng"},{"key":"2990_CR10","volume-title":"Bearing capacity and settlements of bored piles with enlarged bases in collapsible soils","author":"AA Grigoryan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Grigoryan AA, Chinenkov YA (1990) Bearing capacity and settlements of bored piles with enlarged bases in collapsible soils. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest"},{"issue":"12","key":"2990_CR11","first-page":"A7","volume":"55","author":"RF Bartholomew","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bartholomew RF (1977) Enlarged base piles form an important class. Structural Engineer 55(12):A7\u2013A7","journal-title":"Structural Engineer"},{"issue":"9","key":"2990_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7285","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-014-1721-3","volume":"8","author":"R Nazir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nazir R, Moayedi H, Pratikso A, Mosallanezhad M (2015) The uplift load capacity of an enlarged base pier embedded in dry sand. Arab J Geosci 8(9):7285\u20137296","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci"},{"key":"2990_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2013.11.031","volume":"49","author":"R Nazir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nazir R, Chuan HS, Niroumand H, Kassim KA (2014) Performance of single vertical helical anchor embedded in dry sand. Measurement 49:42\u201351","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"6","key":"2990_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000621","volume":"29","author":"M Sakr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sakr M (2015) Relationship between installation torque and axial capacities of helical piles in cohesionless soils. J Perform Constr Facil 29(6):11","journal-title":"J Perform Constr Facil"},{"issue":"6","key":"2990_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1139\/T09-128","volume":"47","author":"CDC Tsuha","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsuha CDC, Aoki N (2010) Relationship between installation torque and uplift capacity of deep helical piles in sand. Can Geotech J 47(6):635\u2013647","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2990_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000561","volume":"138","author":"L Brian\u00e7on","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brian\u00e7on L, Simon B (2011) Performance of pile-supported embankment over soft soil: full-scale experiment. J Geotech Geoenviron 138(4):551\u2013561","journal-title":"J Geotech Geoenviron"},{"issue":"3","key":"2990_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3208\/sandf.51.483","volume":"51","author":"T Honda","year":"2011","unstructured":"Honda T, Hirai Y, Sato E (2011) Uplift capacity of belled and multi-belled piles in dense sand. Soils Found 51(3):483\u2013496","journal-title":"Soils Found"},{"issue":"4","key":"2990_CR18","first-page":"297","volume":"22","author":"D Chae","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chae D, Cho W, Na HY (2012) Uplift capacity of belled pile in weathered sandstones. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering 22(4):297\u2013305","journal-title":"International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"2990_CR19","first-page":"1201","volume":"21","author":"WJ Yao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yao WJ, Chen SP (2014) Elastic-plastic analytical solutions of deformation of uplift belled pile. Teh Vjesn 21(6):1201\u20131211","journal-title":"Teh Vjesn"},{"issue":"4","key":"2990_CR20","first-page":"523","volume":"23","author":"JG Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin JG, Hsu SY, Lin SS (2015) The new method to evaluate the uplift capacity of belled piles in sandy soil. J Mar Sci Technol-Taiwan 23(4):523\u2013533","journal-title":"J Mar Sci Technol-Taiwan"},{"issue":"4","key":"2990_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1007\/s11440-012-0165-8","volume":"7","author":"H Ahmadi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmadi H, Hajialilue-Bonab M (2012) Experimental and analytical investigations on bearing capacity of strip footing in reinforced sand backfills and flexible retaining wall. Acta Geotech 7(4):357\u2013373","journal-title":"Acta Geotech"},{"issue":"2","key":"2990_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3208\/sandf.50.215","volume":"50","author":"S Horpibulsuk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Horpibulsuk S, Niramitkornburee A (2010) Pullout resistance of bearing reinforcement embedded in sand. Soils Found 50(2):215\u2013226","journal-title":"Soils Found"},{"issue":"3","key":"2990_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2006.04.001","volume":"33","author":"M El Sawwaf","year":"2006","unstructured":"El Sawwaf M, Nazir A (2006) The effect of soil reinforcement on pullout resistance of an existing vertical anchor plate in sand. Comput Geotech 33(3):167\u2013176","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"issue":"3","key":"2990_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11440-013-0300-1","volume":"9","author":"SNM Tafreshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tafreshi SNM, Javadi S, Dawson AR (2014) Influence of geocell reinforcement on uplift response of belled piles. Acta Geotech 9(3):513\u2013528","journal-title":"Acta Geotech"},{"issue":"5","key":"2990_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1080\/19386362.2016.1169009","volume":"10","author":"S Suman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suman S, Das SK, Mohanty R (2016) Prediction of friction capacity of driven piles in clay using artificial intelligence techniques. Int J Geotech Eng 10(5):469\u2013475","journal-title":"Int J Geotech Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"2990_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.15446\/esrj.v19n1.38712","volume":"19","author":"E Momeni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Momeni E, Nazir R, Armaghani DJ, Maizir H (2015) Application of artificial neural network for predicting shaft and tip resistances of concrete piles. Earth Sci Res J 19(1):85\u201393","journal-title":"Earth Sci Res J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2990_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2014.10.002","volume":"7","author":"MA Shahin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shahin MA (2016) State-of-the-art review of some artificial intelligence applications in pile foundations. Geosci Front 7(1):33\u201344","journal-title":"Geosci Front"},{"key":"2990_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b17017-88","volume-title":"Artificial intelligence for modeling load-settlement response of axially loaded bored piles","author":"MA Shahin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shahin MA (2014) Artificial intelligence for modeling load-settlement response of axially loaded bored piles. Crc Press-Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton"},{"key":"2990_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2013.08.001","volume":"55","author":"A Kordjazi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kordjazi A, Nejad FP, Jaksa MB (2014) Prediction of ultimate axial load-carrying capacity of piles using a support vector machine based on CPT data. Comput Geotech 55:91\u2013102","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"key":"2990_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2012.04.005","volume":"45","author":"MH Baziar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baziar MH, Kashkooli A, Saeedi-Azizkandi A (2012) Prediction of pile shaft resistance using cone penetration tests (CPTs). Comput Geotech 45:74\u201382","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"issue":"2","key":"2990_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sandf.2014.02.013","volume":"54","author":"I Alkroosh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alkroosh I, Nikraz H (2014) Predicting pile dynamic capacity via application of an evolutionary algorithm. Soils Found 54(2):233\u2013242","journal-title":"Soils Found"},{"key":"2990_CR32","volume-title":"The numerical simulation of low strain dynamic response for foundation piles and the application for defect diagnosis by artificial neural networks","author":"CH Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang CH, Yang SQ, Zhang JG, Xie JH, Zhang JL (2010) The numerical simulation of low strain dynamic response for foundation piles and the application for defect diagnosis by artificial neural networks. Science Press Beijing, Beijing"},{"issue":"4","key":"2990_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-014-0072-7","volume":"18","author":"B Tarawneh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarawneh B, Imam R (2014) Regression versus artificial neural networks: predicting pile setup from empirical data. KSCE J Civ Eng 18(4):1018\u20131027","journal-title":"KSCE J Civ Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"2990_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1139\/t04-050","volume":"41","author":"AM Hanna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hanna AM, Morcous G, Helmy M (2004) Efficiency of pile groups installed in cohesionless soil using artificial neural networks. Can Geotech J 41(6):1241\u20131249","journal-title":"Can Geotech J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2990_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2009.04.003","volume":"36","author":"FP Nejad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nejad FP, Jaksa MB, Kakhi M, McCabe BA (2009) Prediction of pile settlement using artificial neural networks based on standard penetration test data. Comput Geotech 36(7):1125\u20131133","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"key":"2990_CR36","volume-title":"Prediction of pile displacement using PSO algorithm and artificial neural networks","author":"BL Liang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liang BL, Gao Y, Zhu L, Lv GB, Li X (2005) Prediction of pile displacement using PSO algorithm and artificial neural networks. China Univ Geosciences Press, Wuhan"},{"issue":"4","key":"2990_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-352X(00)00033-1","volume":"28","author":"M Rahman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rahman M, Wang J, Deng W, Carter J (2001) A neural network model for the uplift capacity of suction caissons. Comput Geotech 28(4):269\u2013287","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"issue":"4","key":"2990_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2008.09.003","volume":"36","author":"H Ardalan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ardalan H, Eslami A, Nariman-Zadeh N (2009) Piles shaft capacity from CPT and CPTu data by polynomial neural networks and genetic algorithms. Comput Geotech 36(4):616\u2013625","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"issue":"10","key":"2990_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.04.049","volume":"38","author":"AH Alavi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alavi AH, Aminian P, Gandomi AH, Esmaeili MA (2011) Genetic-based modeling of uplift capacity of suction caissons. Expert Syst Appl 38(10):12608\u201312618","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"2990_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2014.02.008","volume":"41","author":"M-Y Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng M-Y, Cao M-T, Tran D-H (2014) A hybrid fuzzy inference model based on RBFNN and artificial bee colony for predicting the uplift capacity of suction caissons. Autom Constr 41:60\u201369","journal-title":"Autom Constr"},{"key":"2990_CR41","volume-title":"Neural network design","author":"M Hagan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hagan M, Demuth H, Beale M (1996) Neural network design. PWS Pub, Boston ISBN 7-111-10841-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"2990_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1109\/3468.798069","volume":"29","author":"R Fierro","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fierro R, Lewis F (1999) Multilayer feedforward networks are universal approximators. IEEE Trans Syst Man, Cybern 29(6):649\u2013654","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man, Cybern"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2990-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2990-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2990-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,25]],"date-time":"2019-04-25T12:41:08Z","timestamp":1556196068000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2990-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2990"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-017-2990-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 December 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 April 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}