{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:57:03Z","timestamp":1769558223746,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["64127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["64127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-017-3051-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]],"date-time":"2017-08-08T11:34:54Z","timestamp":1502192094000},"page":"363-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Automatic detection of electrocardiographic arrhythmias by parallel continuous neural networks implemented in FPGA"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Mariel","family":"Alfaro-Ponce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7157-2052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Chairez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralph","family":"Etienne-Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3051_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2013.2275959","volume":"25","author":"M Alfaro-Ponce","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alfaro-Ponce M, Arguelles-Cruz A, Chairez I (2014) Adaptive identifier for uncertain complex nonlinear system based on continuous neural network. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 25(3):483\u2013494","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"3051_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-014-9864-8","volume":"34","author":"E Alickovic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alickovic E, Subasi A (2015) Effect of multiscale PCA de-noising in ECG beat classification for diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Circuits Syst Signal Process 34(2):513\u2013533","journal-title":"Circuits Syst Signal Process"},{"key":"3051_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Armato A, Nardini E, Lanata A, Valenza G, Mancuso C, Scilingo E, De Rossi D (2009) An fpga based arrhythmia recognition system for wearable applications. In: Ninth international conference on intelligent systems design and applications, 2009. ISDA \u201909. IEEE, pp. 660\u2013664","DOI":"10.1109\/ISDA.2009.246"},{"key":"3051_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.03.128","volume":"279","author":"OA Arqub","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arqub OA, Abo-Hammour Z (2014) Numerical solution of systems of second-order boundary value problems using continuous genetic algorithm. Inf Sci 279:396\u2013415","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3051_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1109\/78.127967","volume":"40","author":"N Benvenuto","year":"1992","unstructured":"Benvenuto N, Piazza F (1992) On the complex backpropagation algorithm. IEEE Trans Signal Process 40(4):967\u2013969","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"3051_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2011.08.156","volume":"39","author":"O Castillo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castillo O, Melin P, Ramrez E, Soria J (2012) Hybrid intelligent system for cardiac arrhythmia classification with fuzzy k-nearest neighbors and neural networks combined with a fuzzy system. Expert Syst Appl 39:2947\u20132955","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"3051_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-013-0823-6","volume":"77","author":"C Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang C, Lin C, Wei M, Lin K, Chen S (2014) High-precision real-time premature ventricular contraction (pvc) detection system based on wavelet transform. J Signal Process Syst 77(3):289\u2013296","journal-title":"J Signal Process Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3051_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2009.05.008","volume":"20","author":"M Cvikl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cvikl M, Zemva A (2010) FPGA-oriented HW\/SW implementation of ecg beat detection and classification algorithm. Digit Signal Process 20(1):238\u2013248","journal-title":"Digit Signal Process"},{"issue":"5","key":"3051_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2010.2055575","volume":"14","author":"M Faezipour","year":"2010","unstructured":"Faezipour M, Saeed A, Bulusu S, Nourani M (2010) A patient-adaptive profiling scheme for ecg beat classification. IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed 14(5):1153\u20131165","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Technol Biomed"},{"issue":"5","key":"3051_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2009.2026483","volume":"3","author":"L Fay","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fay L, Misra V, Sarpeshkar R (2009) A micropower electrocardiogram amplifier. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 3(5):312\u2013320","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst"},{"key":"3051_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge D, Srinivasan N, Krishnan SM (2007) The application of autoregressive modeling in cardiac arrhythmia classification. In: Advances in cardiac signal processing, ch. 8. Springer, Berlin, pp. 209\u2013224","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-36675-1_8"},{"key":"3051_CR12","first-page":"669","volume":"2010","author":"P Ghorbanian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ghorbanian P, Ghaffari A, Jalali A, Nataraj C (2010) Heart arrhythmia detection using continuous wavelet transform and principal component analysis with neural network classifier. Comput Cardiol 2010:669\u2013672","journal-title":"Comput Cardiol"},{"issue":"23","key":"3051_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e215","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.23.e215","volume":"101","author":"AL Goldberger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Goldberger AL, Amaral L, Glass L, Hausdorff J, Ivanov P, Mark R, Mietus G, Moody JE, Peng C-K, Stanley H (2000) Physiobank, physiotoolkit, and physionet: components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals. Circulation 101(23):e215\u2013e220","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"3051_CR14","unstructured":"Hinton G, Anderson J (1989) Parallel models of associative memory. In: Hinton G, Anderson J (eds). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates"},{"key":"3051_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000077519.18416.43","volume":"108","author":"H Huikuri","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huikuri H, Mkikallio T, Raatikainen P, Perkimki J, Castellanos A, Myerburg R (2003) Prediction of sudden cardiac death: appraisal of the studies and methods assessing the risk of sudden arrhythmic death. Circulation 108:110\u2013115","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"3051_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1080\/10447318.2013.780869","volume":"29","author":"HJ Hwang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hwang HJ, Kim S, Choi S, Im CH (2013) Eeg-based brain-computer interfaces: a thorough literature survey. Int J Brain Comput Interact 29(12):814\u2013826","journal-title":"Int J Brain Comput Interact"},{"key":"3051_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-012-0963-9","volume":"22","author":"Y Jewajinda","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jewajinda Y, Chongstitvatana P (2013) A parallel genetic algorithm for adaptive hardware and its application to ecg signal classification. Neural Comput Appl 22:1609\u20131626","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"3051_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2007.900239","volume":"18","author":"W Jiang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jiang W, Kong S (2007) Block-based neural networks for personalized ecg signal classification. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 18(6):1750\u20131761","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"3051_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kannathal N, Rajendra U, ChooMin L, Suri JS (2007) Classification of cardiac patient states using artificial neural networks. In: Advances in cardiac signal processing, ch. 7. Springer, Berlin, pp. 187\u2013208","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-36675-1_7"},{"key":"3051_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.06.046","volume":"42","author":"A Khalaf","year":"2015","unstructured":"Khalaf A, Owis M, Yassine I (2015) A novel technique for cardiac arrhythmia classification using spectral correlation and support vector machines. Expert Syst Appl 42:8361\u20138368","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"3051_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10798587.2013.771456","volume":"19","author":"A Khazaeea","year":"2013","unstructured":"Khazaeea A, Ebrahimzadeha A (2013) Heart arrhythmia detection using support vector machines. Intell Autom Soft Comput 19(1):1\u20139","journal-title":"Intell Autom Soft Comput"},{"key":"3051_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawrence S, Burns I, Back A, Tsoi C, Giles L (2012) Neural network classification and prior class probabilities. In: Neural networks: tricks of the trade, 2nd\u00a0ed, ch. 14. Springer, pp. 295\u2013309","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35289-8_19"},{"key":"3051_CR23","unstructured":"Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B (2011) Global Atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. In: Mendis S, Puska P, Norrving B (eds) World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156437 3"},{"issue":"3","key":"3051_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1109\/51.932724","volume":"20","author":"G Moody","year":"2001","unstructured":"Moody G, Mark R (2001) The impact of the mit-bih arrhythmia database. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 20(3):45\u201350","journal-title":"IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag"},{"issue":"2006","key":"3051_CR25","first-page":"376","volume":"26","author":"Y Ozbay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ozbay Y, Ceylan R, Karlik B (2005) A fuzzy clustering neural network architecture for classification of ecg arrhythmias. Comput Biol Med 26(2006):376\u2013388","journal-title":"Comput Biol Med"},{"key":"3051_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perna F, Leo M (2012) Epidemiology, classification and description of cardiac arrhythmias. In: Sports cardiology, ch. 14. Springer, Milano, pp. 155\u2013177","DOI":"10.1007\/978-88-470-2775-6_14"},{"issue":"3","key":"3051_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.187","volume":"32","author":"J Rodriguez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rodriguez J, Perez A, Lozano J (2010) Sensitivity analysis of k-fold cross validation in prediction error estimation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 32(3):569\u2013575","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"3051_CR28","volume-title":"Differential neural network for robust nonlinear control identification, state estimation and trajectory tracking","author":"E Sanchez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sanchez E, Yu W (2001) Differential neural network for robust nonlinear control identification, state estimation and trajectory tracking. Ed. Worls Scientific Publishing, Singapore"},{"key":"3051_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shukla A, Macchiarulo L (Aug 2008) A fast and accurate FPGA based QRS detection system. In: Engineering in medicine and biology society, 2008. EMBS 2008. 30th annual international conference of the IEEE. IEEE, pp. 4828\u20134831","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2008.4650294"},{"key":"3051_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060332","volume":"13","author":"A Taddei","year":"1992","unstructured":"Taddei A, Distante G, Emdin M, Pisani P, Moody G, Zeelenberg C, Marchesi C (1992) The european st-t database: standard for evaluating systems for the analysis of st-t changes in ambulatory electrocardiography. Eur Heart J 13:1164\u20131172","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3051_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2014.12.013","volume":"69","author":"M Thomas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomas M, KrDas M, Ari S (2015) Automatic ECG arrhythmia classification using dual tree complex wavelet based features. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 69(4):715\u2013721","journal-title":"AEU-Int J Electron Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"3051_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2012.2187706","volume":"2","author":"C Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang C, Tae-Wuk B (2012) VLSI friendly ECG QRS complex detector for body sensor networks. IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Circuits Syst 2(1):52\u201359","journal-title":"IEEE J Emerg Sel Top Circuits Syst"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-017-3051-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-017-3051-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-017-3051-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,2]],"date-time":"2019-10-02T00:07:52Z","timestamp":1569974872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-017-3051-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-017-3051-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 December 2016","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}