{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T16:28:34Z","timestamp":1770740914470,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3451-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T15:48:34Z","timestamp":1521820114000},"page":"6275-6286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Combined effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters on three-dimensional (3D) Casson nanofluid flow across the porous layers slendering sheet in a suspension of graphene nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Durgaprasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. V. K.","family":"Varma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1243-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Mainul","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. S. K.","family":"Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1007\/s11671-009-9384-9","volume":"4","author":"SW Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee SW, Lee SS, Yang EH (2009) A study on field emission characteristics of planar graphene layers obtained from a highly oriented pyrolyzed graphite bloc. Nanoscale Res Lett 4:1218\u20131221","journal-title":"Nanoscale Res Lett"},{"key":"3451_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"084301","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2999636","volume":"104","author":"A Malesevic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Malesevic A, Kemps R, Vanhulsel A, Chowdhury PM, Alexander V, Chris VH (2008) Field emission from vertically aligned few-layer graphene. J Appl Phys 104:084301","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"issue":"8","key":"3451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2011.02.061","volume":"49","author":"LF Mao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mao LF (2011) A theoretical analysis of field emission from graphene nanoribbons. Carbon 49(8):2709\u20132714","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"3451_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-015-2857-3","volume":"22","author":"AKMM Haque","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haque AKMM, Kwon S, Kim J, Noh J, Huh S, Chung H, Jeong H (2015) An experimental study on thermal characteristics of nanofluid with graphene and multi-wall carbon nanotubes. J Cent South Univ 22:3202\u20133210","journal-title":"J Cent South Univ"},{"key":"3451_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"034311","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3681376","volume":"111","author":"TT Baby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baby TT, Prabhu SR (2012) Experimental study on the field emission properties of metal oxide nanoparticle\u2013decorated graphene. J Appl Phys 111:034311","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"issue":"6","key":"3451_CR6","first-page":"910","volume":"8","author":"R Bhargava","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhargava R, Goyal M (2014) MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over a permeable stretching sheet with heat generation and velocity slip. Int J Math Comput Nat Phys Eng 8(6):910\u2013916","journal-title":"Int J Math Comput Nat Phys Eng"},{"key":"3451_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2014.07.069","volume":"74","author":"R Cortell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cortell R (2014) MHD (magneto-hydrodynamic) flow and radiative nonlinear heat transfer of a viscoelastic fluid over a stretching sheet with heat generation\/absorption. Energy 74:896\u2013905","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jestch.2015.05.010","volume":"19","author":"CSK Raju","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raju CSK, Sandeep N, Sugunamma V, Babu MJ, Reddy JVR (2016) Heat and mass transfer in magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid over an exponentially permeable stretching surface. Eng Sci Technol Int J 19(1):45\u201352","journal-title":"Eng Sci Technol Int J"},{"key":"3451_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2015.07.091","volume":"396","author":"T Hayat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hayat T, Imtiaz M, Alsaedi A, Kutbi MA (2015) MHD three dimensional flow of nanofluid with velocity slip and nonlinear thermal radiation. J Magn Magn Mater 396:31\u201337","journal-title":"J Magn Magn Mater"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2016.01.018","volume":"55","author":"IL Animasaun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Animasaun IL, Raju CSK, Sandeep N (2016) Unequal diffusivities case of homogeneous\u2013heterogeneous reactions within viscoelastic fluid flow in the presence of induced magnetic-field and nonlinear thermal radiation. Alex Eng J 55(2):1595\u20131606","journal-title":"Alex Eng J"},{"key":"3451_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691219615","volume-title":"Dynamical theories of Brownian motion","author":"E Nelson","year":"1967","unstructured":"Nelson E (1967) Dynamical theories of Brownian motion, vol 3. Princeton University Press, Princeton"},{"issue":"1","key":"3451_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1109\/TNANO.2013.2293735","volume":"13","author":"S Nadeem","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nadeem S, Haq RU, Akbar NS (2014) MHD three-dimensional boundary layer flow of Casson nanofluid past a linearly stretching sheet with convective boundary condition. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 13(1):109\u2013115","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Nanotechnol"},{"key":"3451_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2017.05.003","volume":"317","author":"CSK Raju","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raju CSK, Hoque MM, Anika NN, Mamatha SU, Sharma P (2017) Natural convective heat transfer analysis of MHD unsteady Carreau nanofluid over a cone packed with alloy nanoparticles. Powder Technol 317:408\u2013416","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2016.10.026","volume":"28","author":"CSK Raju","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raju CSK, Hoque MM, Sivasankar T (2016) Radiative flow of Casson fluid over a moving wedge filled with gyrotactic microorganisms. Adv Powder Technol 28(2):575\u2013583","journal-title":"Adv Powder Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2016.03.023","volume":"55","author":"CSK Raju","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raju CSK, Sandeep N (2016) Unsteady three-dimensional flow of Casson\u2013Carreau fluids past a stretching surface. Alex Eng J 55(2):1115\u20131126","journal-title":"Alex Eng J"},{"issue":"4","key":"3451_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450047","DOI":"10.1142\/S021951941450047X","volume":"14","author":"OA Beg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beg OA, Hoque MM, Wahiduzzaman M, Alam MM, Ferdows M (2014) Spectral numerical simulation of mageneto-physiological laminar Dean flow. J Mech Med Biol 14(4):1450047","journal-title":"J Mech Med Biol"},{"key":"3451_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.03.114","volume":"56","author":"MM Hoque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoque MM, Alam MM (2013) Effects of Dean number and curvature on fluid flow through a curved pipe with magnetic field. Procedia Eng 56:243\u2013253","journal-title":"Procedia Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"3451_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1177\/0954411913493844","volume":"227","author":"MM Hoque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoque MM, Alam MM, Ferdows M, Beg OA (2013) Numerical simulation of Dean number and curvature effects on magneto-bio-fluid flow through a curved conduit. Proc Inst Mech Eng H J Eng Med 227(11):1155\u20131170","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng H J Eng Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR19","first-page":"607","volume":"4","author":"MM Hoque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoque MM, Anika NN, Alam MM (2013) Numerical analysis of magnetohydrodynamics flow in a curved duct. Int J Sci Eng Res 4(7):607\u2013617","journal-title":"Int J Sci Eng Res"},{"key":"3451_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4236\/ojfd.2015.52014","volume":"5","author":"MM Hoque","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hoque MM, Alam MM (2015) A numerical study of MHD laminar flow in a rotating curved pipe with circular cross section. Open J Fluid Dyn 5:121\u2013127","journal-title":"Open J Fluid Dyn"},{"issue":"3","key":"3451_CR21","first-page":"343","volume":"103","author":"MM Hoque","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hoque MM, Anika NN, Alam MM (2013) Magnetic effects on direct numerical solution of fluid flow through a curved pipe with circular cross section. Eur J Sci Res 103(3):343\u2013361","journal-title":"Eur J Sci Res"},{"key":"3451_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.12.077","volume":"252","author":"GJ Reddy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reddy GJ, Kethireddy B, Kumar M, Hoque MM (2018) A molecular dynamics study on transient non-Newtonian MHD Casson fluid flow dispersion over a radiative vertical cylinder with entropy heat generation. J Mol Liq 252:245\u2013262","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnnms.2016.01.001","volume":"35","author":"C Sulochana","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sulochana C, Ashwinkumar GP, Sandeep N (2016) Similarity solution of 3D Casson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions. J Niger Math Soc 35:128\u2013141","journal-title":"J Niger Math Soc"},{"key":"3451_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.08.005","volume":"222","author":"MJ Babu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Babu MJ, Sandeep N (2016) 3D MHD slip flow of a nanofluid over a slendering stretching sheet with thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects. J Mol Liq 222:1003\u20131009","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.06.049","volume":"221","author":"N Sandeep","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sandeep N, Koriko OK, Animasaun IL (2016) Modified kinematic viscosity model for 3D Casson fluid flow within boundary layer formed on a surface at absolute zero. J Mol Liq 221:1197\u20131206","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR26","unstructured":"Choi SUS (1995) Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. Paper presented at the international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, San Francisco, USA"},{"issue":"3","key":"3451_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2150834","volume":"128","author":"J Buongiorno","year":"2005","unstructured":"Buongiorno J (2005) Convective transport in nanofluids. J Heat Transf 128(3):240\u2013250","journal-title":"J Heat Transf"},{"key":"3451_CR28","first-page":"247","volume":"7","author":"BJ Gireesha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gireesha BJ, Mahanthesh B, Rashidi MM (2015) MHD boundary layer heat and mass transfer of a chemically reacting Casson fluid over a permeable stretching surface with non-uniform heat source\/sink. Int J Ind Math 7:247\u2013260","journal-title":"Int J Ind Math"},{"key":"3451_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2014.09.038","volume":"283","author":"M Sheikholeslami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami M, Ganji DD (2015) Nanofluid flow and heat transfer between parallel plates considering Brownian motion using DTM. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 283:651\u2013663","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"key":"3451_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.01.030","volume":"216","author":"A Malvandi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malvandi A, Heysiattalab S, Ganji DD (2016) Thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects on heat transfer enhancement at film boiling of nanofluids over a vertical cylinder. J Mol Liq 216:503\u2013509","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2014.08.009","volume":"26","author":"B Fani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fani B, Kalteh M, Abbassi A (2015) Investigating the effect of Brownian motion and viscous dissipation on the nanofluid heat transfer in a trapezoidal micro channel heat sink. Adv Powder Technol 26:83\u201390","journal-title":"Adv Powder Technol"},{"key":"3451_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2015.08.014","volume":"225","author":"SA Angayarkanni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Angayarkanni SA, Philip J (2015) Review on thermal properties of nanofluids: recent developments. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 225:146\u2013176","journal-title":"Adv Colloid Interface Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"3451_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2011.02.015","volume":"50","author":"WA Khan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khan WA, Aziz A (2011) Natural convection flow of a nanofluid over a vertical plate with uniform surface heat flux. Int J Therm Sci 50(7):1207\u20131214","journal-title":"Int J Therm Sci"},{"key":"3451_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1739247","volume":"16","author":"J Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim J, Kang YT, Choi CK (2004) Analysis of convective instability and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids. Phys Fluids 16:2395\u20132401","journal-title":"Phys Fluids"},{"issue":"5","key":"3451_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2016.11.042","volume":"381","author":"M Sheikholeslami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami M (2017) Numerical simulation of magnetic nanofluid natural convection in porous media. Phys Lett A 381(5):494\u2013503","journal-title":"Phys Lett A"},{"key":"3451_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.11.022","volume":"225","author":"M Sheikholeslami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami M (2017) Influence of Lorentz forces on nanofluid flow in a porous cylinder considering Darcy model. J Mol Liq 225:903\u2013912","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2016.12.024","volume":"229","author":"M Sheikholeslami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami M (2017) Magnetic field influence on nanofluid thermal radiation in a cavity with tilted elliptic inner cylinder. J Mol Liq 229:137\u2013147","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.02.020","volume":"231","author":"M Sheikholeslami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami M (2017) Magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid forced convection in a porous lid driven cubic cavity using Lattice Boltzmann method. J Mol Liq 231:555\u2013565","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.03.104","volume":"234","author":"M Sheikholeslami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami M (2017) Influence of magnetic field on nanofluid free convection in an open porous cavity by means of Lattice Boltzmann method. J Mol Liq 234:364\u2013374","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"3451_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.10.130","volume":"107","author":"M Sheikholeslami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslami M, Rokni HB (2017) Nanofluid two phase model analysis in existence of induced magnetic field. Int J Heat Mass Transf 107:288\u2013299","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"3451_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.01.115","volume":"109","author":"M Sheikholeslamia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslamia M, Bhattib MM (2017) Active method for nanofluid heat transfer enhancement by means of EHD. Int J Heat Mass Transf 109:115\u2013122","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"3451_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.09.077","volume":"106","author":"M Sheikholeslamia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslamia M, Hayat T, Alsaedic A (2017) Numerical study for external magnetic source influence on water based nanofluid convective heat transfer. Int J Heat Mass Transf 106:745\u2013755","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"3451_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.10.107","volume":"106","author":"M Sheikholeslamia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslamia M, Shehzadb SA (2017) Magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid convection in a porous enclosure considering heat flux boundary condition. Int J Heat Mass Transf 106:1261\u20131269","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"3451_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.01.096","volume":"109","author":"M Sheikholeslamia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheikholeslamia M, Shehzadb SA (2017) Thermal radiation of ferrofluid in existence of Lorentz forces considering variable viscosity. Int J Heat Mass Transf 109:82\u201392","journal-title":"Int J Heat Mass Transf"},{"key":"3451_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/i2013-13100-7","volume":"128","author":"M Khader","year":"2003","unstructured":"Khader M, Megahed AM (2003) Numerical solution for boundary layer flow due to a nonlinearly stretching sheet with variable thickness and slip velocity. Eur Phys J Plus 128:100\u2013108","journal-title":"Eur Phys J Plus"},{"issue":"2","key":"3451_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.jafm.68.225.24064","volume":"9","author":"SPA Devi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Devi SPA, Prakash M (2016) Slip flow effects over hydromagnetic forced convective flow over a slendering stretching sheet. J Appl Fluid Mech 9(2):683\u2013692","journal-title":"J Appl Fluid Mech"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3451-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3451-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3451-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,16]],"date-time":"2022-08-16T21:27:31Z","timestamp":1660685251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3451-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3451-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 February 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 March 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 March 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}