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Based on the air quality monitoring data and related meteorological data of 16 districts of Beijing during November 2016 and December 2017, such methods as time-series analysis and nonparametric test are adopted to describe the variation trend of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration in space and time and its disparities in different seasons, time periods and areas. Linear regression method is used in most of the previous research on influence factors and prediction of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration, but actually, the relation between these factors is rather intricate and it is usually nonlinear. So, generalized additive model (GAM) is used in this paper to analyze the impact that different influence factors, especially their interaction, have on PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration and its diffusion process. The result shows that in the dimensionality of time, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration has strong autocorrelation over time and it is most significant in the first to the third order (lag 0\u2013lag 3). Throughout the year, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration is relatively high in winter and low in summer. It is usually the lowest during 16:00\u201318:00 and the highest during 9:00\u201311:00 every day and far higher at night than in the daytime (MD\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20096.455, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). And in terms of space, PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration shows distinct spatial gradient and it gradually decreases from south to north (MD\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u200919.250, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). It is found in the analysis of influence factors of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration that the change of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration is a complex nonlinear time series driven and affected by many factors; among these factors, the interaction between air pollutants and meteorological elements is the most prominent, while average wind speed (WS lag 1) plays a decisive role in the entire diffusion process, and it explains the whole diffusion of PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> concentration to a large extent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3532-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]],"date-time":"2018-06-18T09:45:58Z","timestamp":1529315158000},"page":"1619-1631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Study on the spatial\u2013temporal change characteristics and influence factors of fog and haze pollution based on GAM"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5959-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"3532_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.023","volume":"279","author":"S Tian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tian S, Pan Y, Liu Z et al (2014) Size-resolved aerosol chemical analysis of extreme haze pollution events during early 2013 in urban Beijing, China. 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Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10070-z","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10070-z","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"We declare that we have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that can inappropriately influence our work; there is no professional or other personal interest of any nature or kind in any product, service and\/or company that could be construed as influencing the position presented in, or the review of, the manuscript entitled.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}