{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T22:43:21Z","timestamp":1768517001199,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3570-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]],"date-time":"2018-06-07T12:14:36Z","timestamp":1528373676000},"page":"7335-7349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Application of an evolutionary technique (PSO\u2013SVM) and ANFIS in clear-water scour depth prediction around bridge piers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8400-2369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B. M.","family":"Sreedhara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Manu","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sukomal","family":"Mandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s12046-007-0017-7","volume":"32","author":"UC Kothyari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kothyari UC (2007) Indian practice on estimation of scour around bridge piers\u2014a comment. Sadhana 32(3):187\u2013197","journal-title":"Sadhana"},{"key":"3570_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781482271638","volume-title":"Bridge hydraulics","author":"L Hamill","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hamill L (1998) Bridge hydraulics. CRC Press, New York"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2006.06.012","volume":"20","author":"SM Bateni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bateni SM, Borghei SM, Jeng DS (2007) Neural network and neuro-fuzzy assessments for scour depth around bridge piers. Eng Appl Artif Intell 20(3):401\u2013414","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-6058(07)60073-0","volume":"19","author":"TL Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee TL, Jeng DS, Zhang GH, Hong JH (2007) Neural network modeling for estimation of scour depth around bridge piers. J Hydrodyn Ser B 19(3):378\u2013386","journal-title":"J Hydrodyn Ser B"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2009.10.003","volume":"37","author":"A Kaya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaya A (2010) Artificial neural network study of observed pattern of scour depth around bridge piers. Comput Geotech 37(3):413\u2013418","journal-title":"Comput Geotech"},{"issue":"10","key":"3570_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:10(1069)","volume":"132","author":"A Uyumaz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Uyumaz A, Altunkaynak A, \u00d6zger M (2006) Fuzzy logic model for equilibrium scour downstream of a dam\u2019s vertical gate. J Hydraul Eng 132(10):1069\u20131075","journal-title":"J Hydraul Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"3570_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2007.04.009","volume":"53","author":"YM Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang YM, Elhag TM (2007) A fuzzy group decision making approach for bridge risk assessment. Comput Ind Eng 53(1):137\u2013148","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"3570_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2009.05.010","volume":"36","author":"A Guven","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guven A, Azamathulla HM, Zakaria NA (2009) Linear genetic programming for prediction of circular pile scour. Ocean Eng 36(12):985\u2013991","journal-title":"Ocean Eng"},{"key":"3570_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2012.12.006","volume":"59","author":"M Najafzadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Najafzadeh M, Barani GA, Kermani MRH (2013) GMDH based back propagation algorithm to predict abutment scour in cohesive soils. Ocean Eng 59:100\u2013106","journal-title":"Ocean Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"3570_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-012-1472-1","volume":"16","author":"M Pal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pal M, Singh NK, Tiwari NK (2012) M5 model tree for pier scour prediction using field dataset. KSCE J Civil Eng 16(6):1079\u20131084","journal-title":"KSCE J Civil Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"3570_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2008.05.008","volume":"22","author":"A Goel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goel A, Pal M (2009) Application of support vector machines in scour prediction on grade-control structures. Eng Appl Artif Intell 22(2):216\u2013223","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"3570_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.08.019","volume":"12","author":"A Keshavarzi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Keshavarzi A, Gazni R, Homayoon SR (2012) Prediction of scouring around an arch-shaped bed sill using neuro-fuzzy model. Appl Soft Comput 12(1):486\u2013493","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"3570_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2012.06.034","volume":"460","author":"HM Azamathulla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Azamathulla HM (2012) Gene expression programming for prediction of scour depth downstream of sills. J Hydrol 460:156\u2013159","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"3570_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.02.011","volume":"30","author":"H Basser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Basser H, Karami H, Shamshirband S, Akib S, Amirmojahedi M, Ahmad R, Javidnia H (2015) Hybrid ANFIS\u2013PSO approach for predicting optimum parameters of a protective spur dike. Appl Soft Comput 30:642\u2013649","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"6","key":"3570_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scient.2011.11.017","volume":"18","author":"M Najafzadeh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Najafzadeh M, Barani GA (2011) Comparison of group method of data handling based genetic programming and back propagation systems to predict scour depth around bridge piers. Sci Iran 18(6):1207\u20131213","journal-title":"Sci Iran"},{"issue":"4","key":"3570_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-016-0447-0","volume":"32","author":"M Hasanipanah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hasanipanah M, Noorian-Bidgoli M, Armaghani DJ, Khamesi H (2016) Feasibility of PSO\u2013ANN model for predicting surface settlement caused by tunneling. Eng Comput 32(4):705\u2013715","journal-title":"Eng Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"3570_CR17","first-page":"79","volume":"36","author":"F Cus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cus F, Balic J, Zuperl U (2009) Hybrid ANFIS-ants system based optimisation of turning parameters. J Achiev Mater Manuf Eng 36(1):79\u201386","journal-title":"J Achiev Mater Manuf Eng"},{"key":"3570_CR18","volume-title":"Evaluation of scour depth around bridge piers","author":"Goswami Pankaj","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pankaj Goswami (2013) Evaluation of scour depth around bridge piers. Guwahati University, Guwahati"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1109\/5.364486","volume":"83","author":"JS Jang","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jang JS, Sun CT (1995) Neuro-fuzzy modeling and control. Proc IEEE 83(3):378\u2013406","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1109\/21.256541","volume":"23","author":"JS Jang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jang JS (1993) ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 23(3):665\u2013685","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern"},{"issue":"11","key":"3570_CR21","first-page":"4172","volume":"9","author":"JW Catto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Catto JW, Linkens DA, Abbod MF, Chen M, Burton JL, Feeley KM, Hamdy FC (2003) Artificial intelligence in predicting bladder cancer outcome. Clin Cancer Res 9(11):4172\u20134177","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"3570_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coldregions.2006.08.009","volume":"46","author":"C Mahabir","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mahabir C, Hicks F, Fayek AR (2006) Neuro-fuzzy river ice breakup forecasting system. Cold Reg Sci Technol 46(2):100\u2013112","journal-title":"Cold Reg Sci Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3570_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.06.026","volume":"34","author":"YM Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang YM, Elhag TM (2008) An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for bridge risk assessment. Expert Syst Appl 34(4):3099\u20133106","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"3570_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1109\/72.788640","volume":"10","author":"VN Vapnik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Vapnik VN (1999) An overview of statistical learning theory. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 10(5):988\u2013999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR25","first-page":"273","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support-vector networks. Mach Learn 20(3):273\u2013297","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"issue":"3","key":"3570_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1528","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2007.894717","volume":"54","author":"KH Cheng","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cheng KH, Hsu CF, Lin CM, Lee TT, Li C (2007) Fuzzy\u2013neural sliding-mode control for DC\u2013DC converters using asymmetric Gaussian membership functions. IEEE Trans Industr Electron 54(3):1528\u20131536","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Electron"},{"issue":"4","key":"3570_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1109\/icnn.1995.488968","volume":"95","author":"J Kennedy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995) Particle swarm optimization. 1995 IEEE Int Conf Neural Netw ICNN 95(4):1942\u20131948. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icnn.1995.488968","journal-title":"1995 IEEE Int Conf Neural Netw ICNN"},{"issue":"35","key":"3570_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.9753\/icce.v35.structures.25","volume":"1","author":"H Ghasemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghasemi H, Kolahdoozan M, Pena E, Ferreras J, Figuero A (2017) A new hybrid ANN model for evaluating the efficiency of \u03c0-type floating breakwater. Coast Eng Proc 1(35):25","journal-title":"Coast Eng Proc"},{"key":"3570_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2014.10.041","volume":"27","author":"N Harish","year":"2015","unstructured":"Harish N, Mandal S, Rao S, Patil SG (2015) Particle Swarm Optimization based support vector machine for damage level prediction of non-reshaped berm breakwater. Appl Soft Comput 27:313\u2013321","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3570-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3570-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3570-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T05:58:21Z","timestamp":1604383101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3570-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3570-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}