{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:20:19Z","timestamp":1740108019796,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]],"date-time":"2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]],"date-time":"2018-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["Projeto Estrat\u00e9gico LA 9 - UID\/EEA\/50009\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Projeto Estrat\u00e9gico LA 9 - UID\/EEA\/50009\/2013"]}]},{"name":"ARDITI \u2013 Ag\u00eancia Regional para o Desenvolvimento e Tecnologia","award":["Project M1420-09-5369- FSE-000001 \u2013 PhD Studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Project M1420-09-5369- FSE-000001 \u2013 PhD Studentship"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3600-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]],"date-time":"2018-06-30T04:58:14Z","timestamp":1530334694000},"page":"15813-15823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Design of sEMG-based clench force estimator in FPGA using artificial neural networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7677-0971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheikh Shanawaz","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-4932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abdul","family":"Awal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9123-0618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohiuddin","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7334-3993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Morgado-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"3600_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005","volume":"89","author":"K Ziegler-Graham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ziegler-Graham K, MacKenzie EJ, Ephraim PL, Travison TG, Brookmeyer R (2008) Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 89:422\u2013429","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"3600_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.10.028","volume":"86","author":"BD Darnall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Darnall BD, Ephraim P, Wegener ST, Dillingham T, Pezzin L, Rossbach P et al (2005) Depressive symptoms and mental health service utilization among persons with limb loss: results of a national survey. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86:650\u2013658","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"3600_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(72)90087-6","volume":"16","author":"CM Parkes","year":"1972","unstructured":"Parkes CM (1972) Components of the reaction to loss of a limb, spouse or home. J Psychosom Res 16:343\u2013349","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"3600_CR4","first-page":"2","volume":"9","author":"DS Childress","year":"1985","unstructured":"Childress DS (1985) Historical aspects of powered limb prostheses. Clin Prosthet Orthot 9:2\u201313","journal-title":"Clin Prosthet Orthot"},{"key":"3600_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00008526-199600810-00003","volume":"8","author":"DJ Atkins","year":"1996","unstructured":"Atkins DJ, Heard DC, Donovan WH (1996) Epidemiologic overview of individuals with upper-limb loss and their reported research priorities. JPO J Prosthet Orthot 8:2\u201311","journal-title":"JPO J Prosthet Orthot"},{"key":"3600_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1249\/00003677-199600240-00008","volume":"24","author":"W Herzog","year":"1996","unstructured":"Herzog W (1996) Force-sharing among synergistic muscles: theoretical considerations and experimental approaches. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 24:173\u2013202","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"3600_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(91)90375-W","volume":"24","author":"W Herzog","year":"1991","unstructured":"Herzog W, Leonard T (1991) Validation of optimization models that estimate the forces exerted by synergistic muscles. J Biomech 24:31\u201339","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3600_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050492","volume":"122","author":"Z-M Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li Z-M, Latash ML, Newell KM, Zatsiorsky VM (1998) Motor redundancy during maximal voluntary contraction in four-finger tasks. Exp Brain Res 122:71\u201378","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3600_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050343","volume":"119","author":"Z-M Li","year":"1998","unstructured":"Li Z-M, Latash M, Zatsiorsky V (1998) Force sharing among fingers as a model of the redundancy problem. Exp Brain Res 119:276\u2013286","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3600_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(94)90276-3","volume":"27","author":"B Prilutsky","year":"1994","unstructured":"Prilutsky B, Herzog W, Allinger T (1994) Force-sharing between cat soleus and gastrocnemius muscles during walking: explanations based on electrical activity, properties, and kinematics. J Biomech 27:1223\u20131235","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3600_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050466","volume":"79","author":"VM Zatsiorsky","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zatsiorsky VM, Li Z-M, Latash ML (1998) Coordinated force production in multi-finger tasks: finger interaction and neural network modeling. Biol Cybern 79:139\u2013150","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"3600_CR12","first-page":"277","volume-title":"Dexterity and its development","author":"ML Latash","year":"1996","unstructured":"Latash ML (1996) The Bernstein problem: how does the central nervous system make its choices. In: Latash ML, Turvey MT (eds) Dexterity and its development. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, pp 277\u2013303"},{"key":"3600_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(90)90384-F","volume":"23","author":"K-N An","year":"1990","unstructured":"An K-N, Berglund L, Cooney WP, Chao EY, Kovacevic N (1990) Direct in vivo tendon force measurement system. J Biomech 23:1269\u20131271","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"3600_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00199465","volume":"73","author":"Y Koike","year":"1995","unstructured":"Koike Y, Kawato M (1995) Estimation of dynamic joint torques and trajectory formation from surface electromyography signals using a neural network model. Biol Cybern 73:291\u2013300","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"3600_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210050335","volume":"77","author":"T Finni","year":"1998","unstructured":"Finni T, Komi P, Lukkariniemi J (1998) Achilles tendon loading during walking: application of a novel optic fiber technique. Eur J Appl Physiol 77:289\u2013291","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3600_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1978.41.5.1203","volume":"41","author":"B Walmsley","year":"1978","unstructured":"Walmsley B, Hodgson J, Burke R (1978) Forces produced by medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles during locomotion in freely moving cats. J Neurophysiol 41:1203\u20131216","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3600_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2008.08.003","volume":"24","author":"C Disselhorst-Klug","year":"2009","unstructured":"Disselhorst-Klug C, Schmitz-Rode T, Rau G (2009) Surface electromyography and muscle force: limits in sEMG\u2013force relationship and new approaches for applications. Clin Biomech 24:225\u2013235","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafa SS, Ahmad M, Awal MA (2012) Clench force estimation by surface electromyography for neural prosthesis hand. In: International conference on informatics, electronics and vision (ICIEV), pp 505\u2013510","key":"3600_CR18","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEV.2012.6317489"},{"key":"3600_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.11.0187","volume":"45","author":"M Wininger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wininger M, Kim N-H, Craelius W (2008) Pressure signature of forearm as predictor of grip force. J Rehabil Res Dev 45:883\u2013892","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"3600_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.04.004","volume":"32","author":"C Choi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Choi C, Kwon S, Park W, Lee H-D, Kim J (2010) Real-time pinch force estimation by surface electromyography using an artificial neural network. Med Eng Phys 32:429\u2013436","journal-title":"Med Eng Phys"},{"key":"3600_CR21","volume-title":"Static and dynamic neural networks: from fundamentals to advanced theory","author":"M Gupta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gupta M, Jin L, Homma N (2004) Static and dynamic neural networks: from fundamentals to advanced theory. Wiley, London"},{"key":"3600_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-013-1534-4","volume":"25","author":"LC Jain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain LC, Seera M, Lim CP, Balasubramaniam P (2014) A review of online learning in supervised neural networks. Neural Comput Appl 25:491\u2013509","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"3600_CR23","volume-title":"Neural networks and artificial intelligence for biomedical engineering","author":"DL Hudson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hudson DL, Cohen ME (2000) Neural networks and artificial intelligence for biomedical engineering. Wiley-IEEE Press, London"},{"key":"3600_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(99)00014-0","volume":"9","author":"MM Liu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liu MM, Herzog W, Savelberg HH (1999) Dynamic muscle force predictions from EMG: an artificial neural network approach. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 9:391\u2013400","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"3600_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00038-9","volume":"11","author":"S Prentice","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prentice S, Patla A, Stacey D (2001) Artificial neural network model for the generation of muscle activation patterns for human locomotion. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 11:19\u201330","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"key":"3600_CR26","volume-title":"Closing the gap between ASIC and custom: tools and techniques for high-performance ASIC design","author":"D Chinnery","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chinnery D, Keutzer K (2002) Closing the gap between ASIC and custom: tools and techniques for high-performance ASIC design. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"3600_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2012.2193668","volume":"6","author":"AM Dixon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dixon AM, Allstot EG, Gangopadhyay D, Allstot DJ (2012) Compressed sensing system considerations for ECG and EMG wireless biosensors. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 6:156\u2013166","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst"},{"key":"3600_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1109\/TBCAS.2015.2476555","volume":"9","author":"S Benatti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benatti S, Casamassima F, Milosevic B, Farella E, Schonle P, Fateh S et al (2015) A versatile embedded platform for EMG acquisition and gesture recognition. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 9:620\u2013630","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst"},{"unstructured":"(2015) BSL Hardware guide","key":"3600_CR29"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mostafa SS, Awal MA, Ahmad M, Morgado-Dias F (2017) A method for designing EMG integrator using an FPGA. In: 5th IEEE international work conference on bioinspired intelligence (IWOBI), pp 1\u20136","key":"3600_CR30","DOI":"10.1109\/IWOBI.2017.7985523"},{"key":"3600_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/00222890309602123","volume":"35","author":"MA Gilles","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gilles MA, Wing AM (2003) Age-related changes in grip force and dynamics of hand movement. J Mot Behav 35:79\u201385","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"unstructured":"(2008) Electromyography II. Motor unit recruitment fatigue. Physiology lessons for use with the Biopac Student Lab Manual","key":"3600_CR32"},{"unstructured":"Chou C-J, Mohanakrishnan S, Evans JB (1993) FPGA implementation of digital filters. In: International conference on signal processing applications and technology (ICSPAT), p 1","key":"3600_CR33"},{"key":"3600_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-29491-4","volume-title":"Supervised learning with complex-valued neural networks","author":"S Suresh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suresh S, Sundararajan N, Savitha R (2013) Supervised learning with complex-valued neural networks. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"3600_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7439(97)00061-0","volume":"39","author":"D Svozil","year":"1997","unstructured":"Svozil D, Kvasnicka V, Pospichal J (1997) Introduction to multi-layer feed-forward neural networks. Chemometr Intell Lab Syst 39:43\u201362","journal-title":"Chemometr Intell Lab Syst"},{"unstructured":"Getting Started with ZedBoard (2014). \nhttp:\/\/zedboard.org\/product\/zedboard\n\n. Accessed on 29 Feb 2016","key":"3600_CR36"},{"key":"3600_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2560\/3\/1\/003","volume":"3","author":"RK Weinstein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weinstein RK, Lee RH (2006) Architectures for high performance FPGA implementations of neural models. J Neural Eng 3:21\u201334","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"unstructured":"Platform Cable USB II, Xilinx, Inc. San Jose, California, DS593 (v1.5) June 23, 2015","key":"3600_CR38"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gadea R, Cerd\u00e1 J, Ballester F, Mochol\u00ed A (2000) Artificial neural network implementation on a single FPGA of a pipelined on-line backpropagation. In: 13th international symposium on system synthesis, pp 225\u2013230","key":"3600_CR39","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSS.2000.874054"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kollmann K, Riemschneider K-R, Zeidler HC (1996) On-chip backpropagation training using parallel stochastic bit streams. In: 5th international conference on microelectronics for neural networks, pp 149\u2013156","key":"3600_CR40","DOI":"10.1109\/MNNFS.1996.493785"},{"key":"3600_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1109\/4.121550","volume":"27","author":"CE Cox","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cox CE, Blanz WE (1992) GANGLION\u2014a fast field-programmable gate array implementation of a connectionist classifier. IEEE J Solid-State Circuits 27:288\u2013299","journal-title":"IEEE J Solid-State Circuits"},{"key":"3600_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/92.486081","volume":"4","author":"JE Vuillemin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vuillemin JE, Bertin P, Roncin D, Shand M, Touati HH, Boucard P (1996) Programmable active memories: reconfigurable systems come of age. IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr VLSI Syst 4:56\u201369","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Very Large Scale Integr VLSI Syst"},{"unstructured":"Aguiar L, Reis L, Morgado-Dias F (2010) Neuron implementation using system generator. In: 9th Portuguese conference on automatic control, p 1","key":"3600_CR43"},{"key":"3600_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"L Reis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reis L, Aguiar L, Baptista FD, Morgado-Dias F (2014) A software tool for automatic generation of neural hardware. Int Arab J Inf Technol 11:1","journal-title":"Int Arab J Inf Technol"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cao H, Li C, Sun S, Wang W, Gao Z, Zhang X (2015) Comparison of two strategies for handgrip force prediction based on sEMG. In: International conference on mechatronics, electronic, industrial and control engineering, pp 656\u2013659","key":"3600_CR45","DOI":"10.2991\/meic-15.2015.149"},{"unstructured":"Baptista D, Morgado-Dias F (2012) A hyperbolic tangent replacement by third order polynomial approximation. In: 10th Portuguese conference on automatic control","key":"3600_CR46"},{"key":"3600_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00421697","volume":"37","author":"JH Viitasalo","year":"1977","unstructured":"Viitasalo JH, Komi PV (1977) Signal characteristics of EMG during fatigue. Eur J Appl Physiol 37:111\u2013121","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"3600_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.3810022","volume":"38","author":"A Van Boxtel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Boxtel A (2001) Optimal signal bandwidth for the recording of surface EMG activity of facial, jaw, oral, and neck muscles. Psychophysiology 38:22\u201334","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3600-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3600-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3600-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,6]],"date-time":"2020-10-06T14:20:57Z","timestamp":1601994057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3600-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["3600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3600-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0941-0643"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-3058"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 June 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}