{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T20:09:31Z","timestamp":1786133371891,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3670-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]],"date-time":"2018-08-03T09:17:50Z","timestamp":1533287870000},"page":"3581-3597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Comparison of artificial bee colony and flower pollination algorithms in vehicle delay models at signalized intersections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3725-164X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ersin","family":"Korkmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Pay\u0131dar","family":"Akg\u00fcng\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"3670_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2015.11.093","volume":"80","author":"A Abdelaziz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdelaziz A, Ali E, Elazim SA (2016) Combined economic and emission dispatch solution using flower pollination algorithm. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 80:264\u2013274","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"3670_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2015.11.059","volume":"78","author":"A Abdelaziz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdelaziz A, Ali E, Elazim SA (2016) Flower pollination algorithm and loss sensitivity factors for optimal sizing and placement of capacitors in radial distribution systems. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 78:207\u2013214","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)TE.1943-5436.0000465","volume":"139","author":"K Ahmed","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahmed K, Abu-Lebdeh G, Al-Omari B (2012) Estimation of delay induced by downstream operations at signalized intersections over extended control time. J Transp Eng 139(1):8\u201319","journal-title":"J Transp Eng"},{"key":"3670_CR4","unstructured":"Akcelik R (1981) Traffic signals: capacity and timing analysis. Australian Road Research Board, Research Report ARR. No. 123"},{"issue":"3","key":"3670_CR5","first-page":"23","volume":"58","author":"R Akcelik","year":"1988","unstructured":"Akcelik R (1988) The highway capacity manual delay formula for signalized intersections. ITE journal 58(3):23\u201327","journal-title":"ITE journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR6","first-page":"75","volume":"12","author":"AP Akg\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2017","unstructured":"Akg\u00fcng\u00f6r AP, Korkmaz E (2017) Estimating traffic accidents in Turkey using differential evolution algorithm. Sel Sci Pap J Civ Eng 12(1):75\u201384","journal-title":"Sel Sci Pap J Civ Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"3670_CR7","first-page":"259","volume":"30","author":"AP Akg\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2006","unstructured":"Akg\u00fcng\u00f6r AP, Yildiz O, Demirel A (2006) A sensitivity analysis of the HCM 2000 delay model with the factorial design method. Turk J Eng Environ Sci 30(4):259\u2013267","journal-title":"Turk J Eng Environ Sci"},{"key":"3670_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andronov R, Leverents E (2018) Calculation of vehicle delay at signal-controlled intersections with adaptive traffic control algorithm. In: MATEC Web of Conferences. EDP Sciences, p 04008","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/201814304008"},{"issue":"5","key":"3670_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04016013","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000835","volume":"142","author":"SP Anusha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anusha SP, Sharma A, Vanajakshi L, Subramanian SC, Rilett LR (2016) Model-based approach for queue and delay estimation at signalized intersections with erroneous automated data. J Transp Eng 142(5):04016013. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000835","journal-title":"J Transp Eng"},{"key":"3670_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baskan O, Haldenbilen S (2011) Ant colony optimization approach for optimizing traffic signal timings. In: Ant colony optimization-methods and applications, pp 205\u2013220","DOI":"10.5772\/13665"},{"issue":"3","key":"3670_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/15567240903502594","volume":"6","author":"M Behrang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Behrang M, Assareh E, Assari M, Ghanbarzadeh A (2011) Total energy demand estimation in Iran using bees algorithm. Energy Sources Part B 6(3):294\u2013303","journal-title":"Energy Sources Part B"},{"key":"3670_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.3141\/1727-07","volume":"1727","author":"L Bloomberg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bloomberg L, Dale J (2000) Comparison of VISSIM and CORSIM traffic simulation models on a congested network. Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board 1727:52\u201360","journal-title":"Transp Res Rec J Transp Res Board"},{"key":"3670_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/696374","volume":"2013","author":"H Ceylan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ceylan H (2013) Optimal design of signal controlled road networks using differential evolution optimization algorithm. Math Probl Eng 2013:1\u201311","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"3670_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2015.08.438","volume":"62","author":"H Chiroma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiroma H, Shuib NLM, Muaz SA, Abubakar AI, Ila LB, Maitama JZ (2015) A review of the applications of bio-inspired flower pollination algorithm. Procedia Comput Sci 62:435\u2013441","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"3670_CR15","first-page":"349","volume":"25","author":"M Dell\u2019Orco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Orco M, Baskan O, Marinelli M (2013) A Harmony Search Algorithm approach for optimizing traffic signal timings. PROMET Traffic Transp 25(4):349\u2013358","journal-title":"PROMET Traffic Transp"},{"key":"3670_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Orco M, Ba\u015fkan \u00d6, Marinelli M (2014) Artificial Bee Colony-based algorithm for optimising traffic signal timings. In: Soft computing in industrial applications. Springer, Berlin, pp 327\u2013337","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-00930-8_29"},{"issue":"2","key":"3670_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-2615(03)00003-1","volume":"38","author":"F Dion","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dion F, Rakha H, Kang Y-S (2004) Comparison of delay estimates at under-saturated and over-saturated pre-timed signalized intersections. Transp Res Part B Methodol 38(2):99\u2013122","journal-title":"Transp Res Part B Methodol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3670_CR18","first-page":"157","volume":"36","author":"E Dogan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dogan E, Akgungor AP, Arslan T (2016) Estimation of delay and vehicle stops at signalized intersections using artificial neural network. Eng Rev 36(2):157\u2013165","journal-title":"Eng Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3670_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1002\/atr.1387","volume":"50","author":"W Fawaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fawaz W, El Khoury J (2016) An exact modelling of the uniform control traffic delay in undersaturated signalized intersections. J Adv Transp 50(5):918\u2013932","journal-title":"J Adv Transp"},{"key":"3670_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/356707","volume":"2014","author":"S Feng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feng S, Ci Y, Wu L, Zhang F (2014) Vehicle delay estimation for an isolated intersection under actuated signal control. Math Probl Eng 2014:1\u20137. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/356707","journal-title":"Math Probl Eng"},{"key":"3670_CR21","unstructured":"FHWA Office of Operations Research, D.a.T. (2006) CORSIM user\u2019s guide, pp 2\u201317"},{"key":"3670_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198565970.001.0001","volume-title":"Understanding flowers and flowering: an integrated approach","author":"BJ Glover","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glover BJ (2007) Understanding flowers and flowering: an integrated approach, vol 277. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"3670_CR23","unstructured":"TRB (1985) Highway capacity manual. National Research Council, Washington, DC"},{"key":"3670_CR24","unstructured":"TRB (1994) Highway capacity manual. National Research Council, Washington, DC"},{"key":"3670_CR25","unstructured":"TRB (1997) Highway capacity manual. National Research Council, Washington, DC"},{"key":"3670_CR26","unstructured":"TRB (2000) Highway capacity manual. National Research Council, Washington, DC"},{"key":"3670_CR27","unstructured":"Hadiuzzaman M (2008) Development of saturation flow and delay models for signalised intersection in Dhaka City. M.Sc. Eng. (Civil & Transportation) Thesis, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh"},{"issue":"3","key":"3670_CR28","first-page":"220","volume":"4","author":"A Hasiloglu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hasiloglu A, Gokdag M, Karsli N (2014) Comparison an artificial intelligence-based model and other models: signalized intersection delay estimates. Artif \u0130ntell (AI) 4(3):220\u2013228","journal-title":"Artif \u0130ntell (AI)"},{"key":"3670_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang J, Li G, Wang Q, Haitao Y (2013) Real time delay estimation for signalized intersection using transit vehicle positioning data. In: 2013 13th international conference on ITS Telecommunications (ITST). IEEE, pp 216\u2013221","DOI":"10.1109\/ITST.2013.6685548"},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR30","first-page":"613","volume":"4","author":"AK Jameel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jameel AK (2011) Estimating delay time at palestine street intersections in Baghdad City using HCM AND SIDRA models. Al-Qadisiya J Eng Sci 4(1):613\u2013633","journal-title":"Al-Qadisiya J Eng Sci"},{"issue":"16","key":"3670_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2011.04.024","volume":"181","author":"F Kang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kang F, Li J, Ma Z (2011) Rosenbrock artificial bee colony algorithm for accurate global optimization of numerical functions. Inf Sci 181(16):3508\u20133531","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"3670_CR32","unstructured":"Karaboga D (2005) An idea based on honey bee swarm for numerical optimization. In: Technical report-tr06, Erciyes university, engineering faculty, computer engineering department"},{"issue":"1","key":"3670_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-012-9328-0","volume":"42","author":"D Karaboga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karaboga D, Gorkemli B, Ozturk C, Karaboga N (2014) A comprehensive survey: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and applications. Artif Intell Rev 42(1):21\u201357","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"key":"3670_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.05.002","volume":"209","author":"D Karaboga","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karaboga D, Ozturk C, Karaboga N, Gorkemli B (2012) Artificial bee colony programming for symbolic regression. Inf Sci 209:1\u201315","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"3670_CR35","unstructured":"Kimber R, Hollis EM (1979) Traffic queues and delays at road junctions. Transportation Road Research Laboratory, TRRL Lab. Report 909"},{"key":"3670_CR36","unstructured":"Li X, Khattak AJ, Kohls AG (2016) Signal phase timing impact on traffic delay and queue length-a intersection case study. In: Winter simulation conference (WSC), IEEE, pp 3722\u20133723"},{"issue":"2","key":"3670_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-1647(67)90167-0","volume":"1","author":"AD May","year":"1967","unstructured":"May AD, Keller HE (1967) A deterministic queueing model. Transp Res 1(2):117\u2013128","journal-title":"Transp Res"},{"key":"3670_CR38","unstructured":"McShane W, Crowley K, Lee B, Casey T (1978) Traffic control in oversaturated street networks. NCHRP Report(194)"},{"issue":"5","key":"3670_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2006.08.003","volume":"14","author":"YS Murat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murat YS (2006) Comparison of fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks approaches in vehicle delay modeling. Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol 14(5):316\u2013334","journal-title":"Transp Res Part C Emerg Technol"},{"key":"3670_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.01.058","volume":"111","author":"YS Murat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Murat YS, Kutluhan S, Cakici Z (2014) Investigation of cyclic vehicle queue and delay relationship for isolated signalized intersections. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 111:252\u2013261","journal-title":"Procedia Soc Behav Sci"},{"key":"3670_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.03.047","volume":"57","author":"E Nabil","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nabil E (2016) A modified flower pollination algorithm for global optimization. Expert Syst Appl 57:192\u2013203","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"3670_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-1647(71)90039-6","volume":"5","author":"H Neuburger","year":"1971","unstructured":"Neuburger H (1971) The economics of heavily congested roads. Transp Res 5(4):283\u2013293","journal-title":"Transp Res"},{"key":"3670_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3141\/1646-10","volume":"1646","author":"J Powell","year":"1998","unstructured":"Powell J (1998) Field measurement of signalized intersection delay for 1997 update of the highway capacity manual. Transp Res Record J Transp Res Board 1646:79\u201386","journal-title":"Transp Res Record J Transp Res Board"},{"key":"3670_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2016.11.107","volume":"17","author":"P Preethi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Preethi P, Varghese A, Ashalatha R (2016) Modelling delay at signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Transp Res Procedia 17:529\u2013538","journal-title":"Transp Res Procedia"},{"issue":"11\u201313","key":"3670_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7177(02)00298-4","volume":"36","author":"F Qiao","year":"2002","unstructured":"Qiao F, Yi P, Yang H, Devarakonda S (2002) Fuzzy logic based intersection delay estimation. Math Comput Model 36(11\u201313):1425\u20131434","journal-title":"Math Comput Model"},{"issue":"3","key":"3670_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.26634\/jce.5.3.3428","volume":"5","author":"A Ramesh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramesh A, Molugaram K, Prudhvi MS (2015) Improvement in delay and queue length on selected intersection of Hyderabad city using microscopic simulation technique. i-Manager\u2019s J Civ Eng 5(3):31","journal-title":"i-Manager\u2019s J Civ Eng"},{"key":"3670_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saidallah M, El Fergougui A, Elalaoui AE (2016) A Comparative Study of Urban Road Traffic Simulators. In: MATEC Web of conferences. EDP Sciences, p 05002","DOI":"10.1051\/matecconf\/20168105002"},{"issue":"2","key":"3670_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2457-7","volume":"29","author":"U Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh U, Salgotra R (2018) Synthesis of linear antenna array using flower pollination algorithm. Neural Comput Appl 29(2):435\u2013445","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"3670_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.01.074","volume":"122","author":"M Sonmez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sonmez M, Akg\u00fcng\u00f6r AP, Bekta\u015f S (2017) Estimating transportation energy demand in Turkey using the artificial bee colony algorithm. Energy 122:301\u2013310","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"3670_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2013.05.007","volume":"37","author":"DJ Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun DJ, Zhang L, Chen F (2013) Comparative study on simulation performances of CORSIM and VISSIM for urban street network. Simul Model Pract Theory 37:18\u201329","journal-title":"Simul Model Pract Theory"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"3670_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.2307\/2333477","volume":"49","author":"J Tanner","year":"1962","unstructured":"Tanner J (1962) A theoretical analysis of delays at an uncontrolled intersection. Biometrika 49(1\/2):163\u2013170","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"3670_CR52","volume-title":"Highway capacity manual","author":"TRB","year":"2010","unstructured":"TRB (2010) Highway capacity manual. National Research Council, Washington"},{"issue":"3","key":"3670_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-its.2014.0280","volume":"10","author":"Z Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Z, Yang H, Chen S, Wang Y, Wu B (2016) Comparison of delay estimation models for signalised intersections using field observations in Shanghai. IET Intel Transp Syst 10(3):165\u2013174. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-its.2014.0280","journal-title":"IET Intel Transp Syst"},{"key":"3670_CR54","unstructured":"Webster FV (1958) Traffic signal settings. In: Road research technical paper No: 39"},{"key":"3670_CR55","first-page":"370","volume":"238","author":"W Xiang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xiang W, Ma S, An M (2014) Habcde: a hybrid evolutionary algorithm based on artificial bee colony algorithm and differential evolution. Appl Math Comput 238:370\u2013386","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"3670_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.253-255.1623","volume":"253\u2013255","author":"L Xue","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xue L (2012) Research of signalized intersection delay problem by time series and queuing theory. Appl Mech Mater 253\u2013255:1623\u20131626. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMM.253-255.1623","journal-title":"Appl Mech Mater"},{"key":"3670_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X-S (2012) Flower pollination algorithm for global optimization. In: UCNC, pp 240\u2013249. Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32894-7_27"},{"key":"3670_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang X-S (2014) Nature-inspired optimization algorithms. Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-416743-8.00005-1"},{"key":"3670_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou G, Wang R, Zhou Y (2018) Flower pollination algorithm with runway balance strategy for the aircraft landing scheduling problem. Clust Comput 1\u201318. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10586-018-2051-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-018-2051-0"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3670-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3670-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3670-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T08:09:28Z","timestamp":1586160568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3670-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3670"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3670-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}