{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T20:39:30Z","timestamp":1773779970406,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3673-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T08:14:06Z","timestamp":1533543246000},"page":"3619-3631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Investigation of different sources in order to optimize the nuclear metering system of gas\u2013oil\u2013water annular flows"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"A.","family":"Karami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. H.","family":"Roshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5457-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Nazemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fallahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"3673_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3735\/13\/3\/022","volume":"13","author":"MSA Abouelwafa","year":"1980","unstructured":"Abouelwafa MSA, Kendall EJM (1980) The measurement of component ratios in multiphase systems using alpha-ray attenuation. J Phys E Sci Instrum 13(3):341","journal-title":"J Phys E Sci Instrum"},{"key":"3673_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flowmeasinst.2015.09.002","volume":"46","author":"E Nazemi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nazemi E, Roshani GH, Feghhi SAH, Setayeshi S, Gholipour Peyvandi R (2015) A radiation-based hydrocarbon two-phase flow meter for estimating of phase fraction independent of liquid phase density in stratified regime. Flow Meas Instrum 46:25\u201332","journal-title":"Flow Meas Instrum"},{"key":"3673_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.01.030","volume":"51","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Feghhi SAH, Mahmoudi-Aznaveh A, Nazemi E, Adineh-Vand A (2014) Precise volume fraction prediction in oil\u2013water\u2013gas multiphase flows by means of gamma-ray attenuation and artificial neural networks using one detector. Measurement 51:34\u201341","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"3673_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2014.11.006","volume":"62","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Nazemi E, Feghhi SAH, Setayeshi S (2015) Flow regime identification and void fraction prediction in two-phase flows based on gamma ray attenuation. Measurement 62:25\u201332","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"key":"3673_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flowmeasinst.2016.06.013","volume":"50","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Nazemi E, Feghhi SAH (2016) Investigation of using 60Co source and one detector for determining the flow regime and void fraction in gas\u2013liquid two-phase flows. Flow Meas Instrum 50:73\u201379","journal-title":"Flow Meas Instrum"},{"issue":"1","key":"3673_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-016-2784-8","volume":"28","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Nazemi E, Roshani MM (2017) Flow regime independent volume fraction estimation in three-phase flows using dual-energy broad beam technique and artificial neural network. Neural Comput Appl 28(1):1265\u20131274","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"3673_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2016.12.055","volume":"100","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Nazemi E, Roshani MM (2017) Usage of two transmitted detectors with optimized orientation in order to three phase flow metering. Measurement 100:122\u2013130","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"11","key":"3673_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s41365-017-0310-z","volume":"28","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Nazemi E (2017) A high performance gas\u2013liquid two-phase flow meter based on gamma-ray attenuation and scattering. Nucl Sci Technol 28(11):169","journal-title":"Nucl Sci Technol"},{"key":"3673_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40314-018-0578-6","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Karami A, Nazemi E, Shama F (2018) Volume fraction determination of the annular three-phase flow of gas\u2013oil\u2013water using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Comput Appl Math. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40314-018-0578-6","journal-title":"Comput Appl Math"},{"key":"3673_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flowmeasinst.2018.03.006","volume":"61","author":"GH Roshani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roshani GH, Hanus R, Khazaei A, Zych M, Nazemi E, Mosorov V (2018) Density and velocity determination for single-phase flow based on radiotracer technique and neural networks. Flow Meas Instrum 61:9\u201314","journal-title":"Flow Meas Instrum"},{"key":"3673_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radmeas.2014.07.005","volume":"68","author":"E Nazemi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nazemi E, Feghhi SAH, Roshani GH (2014) Void fraction prediction in two-phase flows independent of the liquid phase density changes. Radiat Meas 68:49\u201354","journal-title":"Radiat Meas"},{"issue":"1","key":"3673_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2015.09.005","volume":"48","author":"E Nazemi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nazemi E, Feghhi SAH, Roshani GH, Peyvandi RG, Setayeshi S (2016) Precise void fraction measurement in two-phase flows independent of the flow regime using gamma-ray attenuation. Nucl Eng Technol 48(1):64\u201371","journal-title":"Nucl Eng Technol"},{"key":"3673_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flowmeasinst.2013.10.001","volume":"35","author":"M Zych","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zych M, Petryka L, K\u0119pi\u0144ski J, Hanus R, Bujak T, Puskarczyk E (2014) Radioisotope investigations of compound two-phase flows in an open channel. Flow Meas Instrum 35:11\u201315","journal-title":"Flow Meas Instrum"},{"key":"3673_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flowmeasinst.2014.08.007","volume":"40","author":"R Hanus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hanus R, Petryka L, Zych M (2014) Velocity measurement of the liquid\u2013solid flow in a vertical pipeline using gamma-ray absorption and weighted cross-correlation. Flow Meas Instrum 40:58\u201363","journal-title":"Flow Meas Instrum"},{"key":"3673_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2017.06.019","volume":"318","author":"M Zych","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zych M, Hanus R, Vlas\u00e1k P, Jaszczur M, Petryka L (2017) Radiometric methods in the measurement of particle-laden flows. Powder Technol 318:491\u2013500","journal-title":"Powder Technol"},{"key":"3673_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.02.002","volume":"72","author":"R Hanus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hanus R (2015) Application of the Hilbert transform to measurements of liquid\u2013gas flow using gamma ray densitometry. Int J Multiph Flow 72:210\u2013217","journal-title":"Int J Multiph Flow"},{"key":"3673_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2009.02.093","volume":"67","author":"CM Salgado","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salgado CM, Brandao LEB, Schirru R, Pereira CMNA, Xavier da Silva A, Ramos R (2009) Prediction of volume fractions in three-phase flows using nuclear technique and artificial neural network. Appl Radiat Isot 67:1812\u20131818","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot"},{"key":"3673_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2016.03.029","volume":"112","author":"V Mosorov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mosorov V, Zych M, Hanus R, Petryka L (2016) Modelling of dynamic experiments in MCNP5 environment. Appl Radiat Isot 112:136\u2013140","journal-title":"Appl Radiat Isot"},{"key":"3673_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnucene.2012.09.003","volume":"62","author":"T Cong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cong T, Su G, Qiu S, Tian W (2013) Applications of ANNs in flow and heat transfer problems in nuclear engineering: a review work. Prog Nucl Energy 62:54\u201371","journal-title":"Prog Nucl Energy"},{"key":"3673_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","volume":"69","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Mirjalili SM, Lewis A (2014) Grey wolf optimizer. Adv Eng Softw 69:46\u201361","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"3673_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Takagi T, Sugeno M (1985) Fuzzy identification of systems and its applications to modeling and control. In: IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics SMC-15, pp 116\u2013132","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.1985.6313399"},{"key":"3673_CR22","first-page":"510","volume-title":"Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing","author":"JSR Jang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jang JSR, Sun CT, Mizutani E (1997) Neuro-fuzzy and soft computing, vol 19. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, pp 510\u2013514"},{"key":"3673_CR23","unstructured":"Jang JSR, Sun CT (1995) Neuro-fuzzy modeling and control, special issue on fuzzy logic in engineering applications. In: Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 83, pp 378\u2013406"},{"key":"3673_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","volume":"8","author":"LA Zadeh","year":"1965","unstructured":"Zadeh LA (1965) Fuzzy sets. Inf Control 8:338\u2013353","journal-title":"Inf Control"},{"key":"3673_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2478\/v10026-012-0101-6","volume":"14","author":"A Amiri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Amiri A, Karami A, Yousefi T, Zanjani M (2012) Artificial neural network to predict the natural convection from vertical and inclined arrays of horizontal cylinders. Pol J Chem Technol 14:46\u201352","journal-title":"Pol J Chem Technol"},{"key":"3673_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2011.10.016","volume":"53","author":"A Karami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karami A, Rezaei E, Shahhosseni M, Aghakhani M (2012) Fuzzy logic to predict the heat transfer in an air cooler equipped with different tube inserts. Int J Therm Sci 53:141\u2013147","journal-title":"Int J Therm Sci"},{"key":"3673_CR27","first-page":"5","volume":"41","author":"T Yousefi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yousefi T, Karami A, Rezaei E, Ebrahimi S (2012) Fuzzy modeling of the forced convection heat transfer from a V-shaped plate exposed to an air impingement slot jet. Heat Transf Asian Res 41:5","journal-title":"Heat Transf Asian Res"},{"key":"3673_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1260\/1750-9548.6.1.7","volume":"6","author":"A Karami","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karami A, Yousefi T, Rezaei E, Amiri A (2012) Modeling of the free convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal cylinder in a vertical channel via the fuzzy logic. Int J Multiphys 6:7\u201316","journal-title":"Int J Multiphys"},{"key":"3673_CR29","first-page":"3171","volume":"110\u2013116","author":"M Aghakhani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aghakhani M, Jalilian MM, Karami A (2012) Prediction of weld bead dilution in GMAW process using fuzzy logic. Appl Mech Mater 110\u2013116:3171\u20133175","journal-title":"Appl Mech Mater"},{"key":"3673_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-013-5180-x","volume":"70","author":"M Aghakhani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aghakhani M, Ghaderi MR, Karami A, Derakhshan AA (2014) Combined effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and input welding parameters on the weld bead penetration in submerged arc welding process using fuzzy logic. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 70:63\u201372","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"key":"3673_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2015.01.404","volume":"100","author":"CG Amza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amza CG, Cicic DT (2015) Industrial image processing using fuzzy-logic. Proc Eng 100:492\u2013498","journal-title":"Proc Eng"},{"issue":"35","key":"3673_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10921-017-0415-7","volume":"36","author":"A Karami","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karami A, Roshani GH, Salehizadeh A, Nazemi E (2017) The fuzzy logic application in volume fractions prediction of the annular three-phase flows. J Nondestruct Eval 36(35):1\u20139. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10921-017-0415-7","journal-title":"J Nondestruct Eval"},{"key":"3673_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.2514\/1.T3856","volume":"27","author":"A Karami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karami A, Akbari E, Rezaei E, Ashjaee M (2013) Neuro-fuzzy modeling of the free convection from vertical arrays of isothermal cylinders. J Thermophys Heat Transf 27:588\u2013592","journal-title":"J Thermophys Heat Transf"},{"key":"3673_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1080\/00986445.2012.715105","volume":"200","author":"A Karami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karami A, Rezaei E, Rahimi M, Khani S (2013) Modeling of heat transfer in an air cooler equipped with classic twisted tape inserts using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Chem Eng Commun 200:532\u2013542","journal-title":"Chem Eng Commun"},{"key":"3673_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4201","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-014-1094-7","volume":"39","author":"A Karami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Karami A, Yousefi T, Mohebbi S, Aghanajafi C (2014) Prediction of free convection from vertical and inclined rows of horizontal isothermal cylinders using ANFIS. Arab J Sci Eng 39:4201\u20134209","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"key":"3673_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1080\/01457632.2015.963444","volume":"36","author":"A Karami","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karami A, Yousefi T, Harsini I, Maleki E, Mahmoudinezhad S (2015) Neuro-fuzzy modeling of the free convection heat transfer from a wavy surface. Heat Transf Eng 36:847\u2013855","journal-title":"Heat Transf Eng"},{"key":"3673_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00231-013-1125-z","volume":"49","author":"A Karami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Karami A, Yousefi T, Ebrahimi S, Rezaei E, Mahmoudinezhad S (2013) Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict the forced convection heat transfer from a v-shaped plate. Heat Mass Transf 49:789\u2013798","journal-title":"Heat Mass Transf"},{"issue":"1","key":"3673_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2010.2049385","volume":"26","author":"JPS Catalao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Catalao JPS, Pousinho HMI, Mendes VMF (2011) Hybrid wavelet-PSO-ANFIS approach for short-term electricity prices forecasting. IEEE Trans Power Syst 26(1):137\u2013144","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"3673_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2011.10.020","volume":"12","author":"H Jiang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jiang H, Kwong CK, Ip WH, Wong TC (2012) Modeling customer satisfaction for new product development using a PSO-based ANFIS approach. Appl Soft Comput 12(2):726\u2013734","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"3673_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2010.07.015","volume":"52","author":"HMI Pousinho","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pousinho HMI, Mendes VMF, Catal\u00e3o JPS (2011) A hybrid PSO\u2013ANFIS approach for short-term wind power prediction in Portugal. Energy Convers Manag 52(1):397\u2013402","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"3673_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2012.01.001","volume":"39","author":"HMI Pousinho","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pousinho HMI, Mendes VMF, Catal\u00e3o JPS (2012) Short-term electricity prices forecasting in a competitive market by a hybrid PSO\u2013ANFIS approach. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 39(1):29\u201335","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"key":"3673_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Turki M, Bouzaida S, Sakly A, M\u2019Sahli F (2012) Adaptive control of nonlinear system using neuro-fuzzy learning by PSO algorithm. In: 16th IEEE Mediterranean electrotechnical conference (MELECON)","DOI":"10.1109\/MELCON.2012.6196486"},{"issue":"3","key":"3673_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.12928\/telkomnika.v11i3.1146","volume":"11","author":"DP Rini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rini DP, Shamsuddin SM, Yuhaniz SS (2013) Balanced the trade-offs problem of ANFIS using particle swarm optimisation. TELKOMNIKA 11(3):611\u2013616","journal-title":"TELKOMNIKA"},{"key":"3673_CR44","first-page":"146","volume":"10","author":"V Kuppusamy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuppusamy V, Paramasivam I (2017) Grey fuzzy neural network-based hybrid model for missing data imputation in mixed database. Int J Intell Eng Syst 10:146\u2013155","journal-title":"Int J Intell Eng Syst"},{"key":"3673_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sargolzaei A, Faez K, Sargolzaei S (2011) A new method for Foetal Electrocardiogram extraction using adaptive nero-fuzzy interference system trained with PSO algorithm. In: 2011 IEEE international conference on electro\/information technology (EIT)","DOI":"10.1109\/EIT.2011.5978624"},{"key":"3673_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-014-0645-7","volume":"43","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirjalili S (2015) How effective is the grey wolf optimizer in training multi-layer perceptrons. Appl Intell 43:150\u2013161","journal-title":"Appl Intell"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3673-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3673-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3673-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,6]],"date-time":"2020-04-06T08:08:16Z","timestamp":1586160496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3673-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-018-3673-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}