{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:08:16Z","timestamp":1779296896478,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]],"date-time":"2019-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04518-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,25]],"date-time":"2019-10-25T18:42:57Z","timestamp":1572028977000},"page":"9939-9951","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Online Bangla handwritten word recognition using HMM and language model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Shibaprasad","family":"Sen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankan","family":"Bhattacharyya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mridul","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaushik","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudip Kumar","family":"Naskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8813-4086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ram","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3178457","author":"S Sen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sen S, Bhattacharyya A, Sarkar R, Roy K, Doermann D (2018) Application of structural and topological features to recognize online handwritten Bangla characters. Trans Asian Low Resour Lang Inf Process. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3178457","journal-title":"Trans Asian Low Resour Lang Inf Process"},{"issue":"2","key":"4518_CR2","first-page":"422","volume":"10","author":"A Acharyya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Acharyya A, Rakshit S, Sarkar R, Basu S, Nasipuri M (2013) Handwritten word recognition using MLP based classifier: a holistic approach. Int J Comput Sci 10(2):422\u2013427","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"4518_CR3","first-page":"6","volume":"4","author":"M Hangare","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hangare M, Dhandra BV (2010) Offline handwritten script identification in document images. Int J Comput Appl 4(6):6\u201310","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"4518_CR4","unstructured":"Graves A, Schmidhuber J (2009) Offline handwriting recognition with multi dimensional recurrent neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 545\u2013552"},{"key":"4518_CR5","unstructured":"Sarkar R, Das N, Basu S, Kundu M, Nasipuri M, Basu D (2008) A two-stage approach for segmentation of handwritten Bangla word images. In: International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition, pp 403\u2013408"},{"key":"4518_CR6","unstructured":"Pham V, Kermorvant C, Louradour J (2013) Dropout improves recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition. ArXiv preprint \narXiv:1312.4569"},{"issue":"1","key":"4518_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/2090176.2090177","volume":"11","author":"U Pal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pal U, Jayadevan R, Sharma N (2012) Handwriting recognition in Indian regional scripts: a survey of offline techniques. ACM Trans Asian Lang Inf Process 11(1):1\u201335","journal-title":"ACM Trans Asian Lang Inf Process"},{"issue":"16","key":"4518_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2014.12.001","volume":"15","author":"PK Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh PK, Sarkar R, Nasipuri M (2015) Offline script identification from multilingual Indic-script documents: a state-of-the-art. Comput Sci Rev 15(16):1\u201328","journal-title":"Comput Sci Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"4518_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-1940-x","volume":"27","author":"MK Sharma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharma MK, Dhaka VP (2016) Segmentation of English Offline handwritten cursive scripts using a feedforward neural network. Neural Comput Appl 27(5):1369\u20131379","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"4518_CR10","unstructured":"Shaw B, Parui SK, Shridhar M (2008) Offline handwritten devanagari word recognition: a segmentation based approach. In: Proceedings of Pattern Recognition, pp 1\u20134"},{"key":"4518_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-78199-8_14","volume":"4768","author":"P Natarajan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Natarajan P, Saleem S, Prasad R, MacRostie E, Subramanian K (2008) Multi-lingual offline handwriting recognition using hidden Markov models: a script-independent approach. Arab Chin Handwrit Recognit 4768:231\u2013250","journal-title":"Arab Chin Handwrit Recognit"},{"key":"4518_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choisy C (2007) Dynamic handwritten keyword spotting based on the NSHP-HMM. In: Proceedings of the international conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 242\u2013246","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2007.4378712"},{"issue":"4","key":"4518_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-009-0098-4","volume":"12","author":"T Plotz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Plotz T, Fink GA (2009) Markov models for offline handwriting recognition: a survey. Int J Doc Anal Recogn 12(4):269\u2013298","journal-title":"Int J Doc Anal Recogn"},{"key":"4518_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oval S, Shirawale S (2015) Recognizing handwritten Devanagari words using recurrent neural network. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on frontiers of intelligent computing: theory and applications, pp 413\u2013421","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12012-6_45"},{"key":"4518_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ray A, Rajeswar S, Chaudhuri S (2015) Text recognition using deep BLSTM networks. In: 8th international conference on advances in pattern recognition. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icapr.2015.7050699","DOI":"10.1109\/icapr.2015.7050699"},{"key":"4518_CR16","unstructured":"Shivram A, Zhu B, Setlur S, Nakagawa M, Govindaraju V (2013) Segmentation based on-line word recognition: a conditional random field driven beam search strategy. In: International conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 852\u2013856"},{"key":"4518_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vescovo G, Rizzi A (2007) Online handwriting recognition by the symbolic histograms approach. In: International conference on granular computing, pp 686\u2013690","DOI":"10.1109\/GrC.2007.141"},{"key":"4518_CR18","unstructured":"Ghosh R, Keshri P, Kumar P (2018) RNN Based online handwritten word recognition in devanagari script. In: International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition, pp 517\u2013522"},{"key":"4518_CR19","unstructured":"Liwicki M, Graves A, Fern\u00e1ndez S, Bunke H, Schmidhuber J (2007) A novel approach to on-line handwriting recognition based on bidirectional long short-term memory networks. In: Proceedings of the 9th international conference on document analysis and recognition"},{"key":"4518_CR20","unstructured":"Graves A, Fernandez S, Liwicki M, Bunke H, Schmidhuber J (2008) Unconstrained online handwriting recognition with recurrent neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 577\u2013584"},{"key":"4518_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan A, Bai G, Yang P, Guo Y, Zhao X (2012) Handwritten English word recognition based on convolutional neural networks. In: international conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition, pp 207\u2013212","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2012.210"},{"key":"4518_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fink GA, Vajda S, Bhattacharya U, Parui SK, Chaudhuri BB (2010) Online Bangla word recognition using sub-stroke level features and hidden Markov models. In: International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition, pp 393\u2013398","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2010.68"},{"key":"4518_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mohiuddin S, Bhattacharya U, Parui SK (2011) Unconstrained Bangla online handwriting recognition based on MLP and SVM. In: Proceedings of the 2011 joint workshop on Multilingual OCR and Analytics for noisy unstructured Text Data. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2034617.2034635","DOI":"10.1145\/2034617.2034635"},{"key":"4518_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury S, Garai U, Chattopadhyay T (2011) A weighted finite-state transducer (WFST)-based language model for online Indic script handwriting recognition. In: International conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 599\u2013602","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2011.126"},{"key":"4518_CR25","unstructured":"Bhattacharya U, Nigam A, Rawat YS, Parui SK (2008) An analytic scheme for online handwritten Bangla cursive word recognition. In: International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition, pp 320\u2013325"},{"issue":"4","key":"4518_CR26","first-page":"251","volume":"3","author":"N Bhattacharya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhattacharya N, Pal U, Roy K (2011) Individual character segmentation from single stroke of Bangla online handwritten text. Int J Mach Intell 3(4):251\u2013258","journal-title":"Int J Mach Intell"},{"key":"4518_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattacharya N, Pal U (2012) Stroke segmentation and recognition from Bangla online handwritten text. In: International conference on frontiers in handwriting recognition, pp 740\u2013745","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2012.275"},{"key":"4518_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh R (2009) Segmentation of online Bangla handwritten word. In: IEEE International advance computing conference, pp 658\u2013663","DOI":"10.1109\/IADCC.2009.4809090"},{"key":"4518_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.02.008","author":"S Sen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sen S, Chowdhury S, Mitra M, Schwenker F, Sarkar R, Roy K (2018) A novel segmentation technique for online handwritten Bangla words. Pattern Recogn Lett. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.02.008","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"4518_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bharath A, Sriganesh M (2007) Hidden Markov models for online handwritten tamil word recognition. In: 9th international conference on document analysis and recognition. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icdar.2007.4378761","DOI":"10.1109\/icdar.2007.4378761"},{"key":"4518_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chowdhury K, Alam L, Sarmin S, Arefin S, Hoque MM (2015) A fuzzy features based online handwritten Bangla word recognition framework. In: 18th international conference on computer and information technology, pp 21\u201323","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCITechn.2015.7488119"},{"key":"4518_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattacharya N, Pal U, Roy PP (2017) Stroke-order normalization for online Bangla handwriting recognition. In: 14th IAPR conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 206\u2013211","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2017.42"},{"key":"4518_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherjee PS, Bhattacharya U, Parui SK, Chakraborty B (2017) A hybrid model for end to end online handwriting recognition. In: 14th IAPR international conference on document analysis and recognition, pp 658\u2013663","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2017.113"},{"key":"4518_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frinken V, Bhattacharya N, Pal U (2014) Design of unsupervised feature extraction system for on-line bangla handwriting recognition. In: 11th IAPR international workshop on document analysis systems, pp 355\u2013359","DOI":"10.1109\/DAS.2014.55"},{"key":"4518_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srimony A, Dutta Chowdhuri S, Bhattacharya U, Parui SK (2014) Holistic recognition of online handwritten words based on an ensemble of SVM classifiers. In: 11th IAPR international workshop on document analysis systems, pp 86-90","DOI":"10.1109\/DAS.2014.67"},{"key":"4518_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakraborty B, Mukherjee P S, Bhattacharya U (2016) Bangla online handwriting recognition using recurrent neural network architecture. In: Proceedings of the tenth Indian conference on computer vision, graphics and image processing, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1145\/3009977.3010072"},{"key":"4518_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Roy K, Sharma N, Pal T, Pal U (2007) Online handwritten Bangla recognition system. In: International conference on pattern recognition. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/9789812772381_0018","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812772381_0018"},{"issue":"4","key":"4518_CR38","first-page":"2534","volume":"2","author":"K Roy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy K, Bandhopadhyay A, Mondal R (2012) Stroke-database design for online handwriting recognition in Bangla. Int J Modern Eng Res 2(4):2534\u20132540","journal-title":"Int J Modern Eng Res"},{"key":"4518_CR39","unstructured":"Pinquier J, Karaman S, Letoupin L, Guyot P, Megret R, Benois-Pineau J, Gaestel Y, Dartigues J (2012) Strategies for multiple feature fusion with Hierarchical HMM: application to activity recognition from wearable audiovisual sensors. In: International conference on pattern recognition, pp 3192\u20133195"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04518-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04518-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04518-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T23:27:49Z","timestamp":1603409269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04518-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["4518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04518-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}