{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T14:07:47Z","timestamp":1760710067645},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04621-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]],"date-time":"2019-12-04T20:03:01Z","timestamp":1575489781000},"page":"1823-1837","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An emotion classification algorithm based on SPT-CapsNet"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Xian","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuyu","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4621_CR1","first-page":"273","volume":"20","author":"C Cortes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cortes C, Vapnik V (1995) Support-vector networks. Mach Learn 20(3):273\u2013297","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"4621_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177729586","volume":"22","author":"H Robbins","year":"1951","unstructured":"Robbins H, Monro S (1951) A stochastic approximation method. Ann Math Stat 22:400\u2013407","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"issue":"3","key":"4621_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/00031305.1992.10475879","volume":"46","author":"NS Altman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Altman NS (1992) An introduction to kernel and nearest-neighbor nonparametric regression. Am Stat 46(3):175\u2013185","journal-title":"Am Stat"},{"key":"4621_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.614","volume":"11","author":"D Opitz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Opitz D, Maclin R (1999) Popular ensemble methods: an empirical study. J Artif Intell Res 11:169\u2013198","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"issue":"7553","key":"4621_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","volume":"521","author":"Y LeCun","year":"2015","unstructured":"LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nature 521(7553):436","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"11","key":"4621_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791","volume":"86","author":"Y LeCun","year":"1998","unstructured":"LeCun Y, Bottou L, Bengio Y, Haffner P (1998) Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc IEEE 86(11):2278\u20132324","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"issue":"5","key":"4621_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.137","volume":"31","author":"A Graves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Graves A, Liwicki M, Fern\u00e1ndez S, Bertolami R, Bunke H, Schmidhuber J (2008) A novel connectionist system for unconstrained handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 31(5):855\u2013868","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"8","key":"4621_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735","volume":"9","author":"S Hochreiter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J (1997) Long short-term memory. Neural Comput 9(8):1735\u20131780","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"4621_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho K, Van Merri\u00ebnboer B, Gulcehre C, Bahdanau D, Bougares F, Schwenk H, Bengio Y (2014) Learning phrase representations using RNN encoder\u2013decoder for statistical machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.1078","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"issue":"16\u201318","key":"4621_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2008.04.030","volume":"71","author":"CY Liou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liou CY, Huang JC, Yang WC (2008) Modeling word perception using the Elman network. Neurocomputing 71(16\u201318):3150\u20133157","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"4621_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1561\/2200000006","volume":"2","author":"Y Bengio","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bengio Y (2009) Learning deep architectures for AI. Found Trends Mach Learn 2(1):1\u2013127","journal-title":"Found Trends Mach Learn"},{"key":"4621_CR12","unstructured":"Goodfellow I, Pouget-Abadie J, Mirza M, Xu B, Warde-Farley D, Ozair S, Courville A, Bengio Y (2014) Generative adversarial nets. In: Advances in neural information processing systems. pp 2672\u20132680"},{"key":"4621_CR13","unstructured":"Guo X, Singh S, Lee H, Lewis RL, Wang X (2014) Deep learning for real-time Atari game play using offline Monte-Carlo tree search planning. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 3338\u20133346"},{"key":"4621_CR14","unstructured":"Sabour S, Frosst N, Hinton G (2018) Matrix capsules with EM routing. In: 6th international conference on learning representations, ICLR, February 2018"},{"key":"4621_CR15","unstructured":"Hinton GE, Krizhevsky A, Wang SD (2011) Transforming auto-encoders. In: International conference on artificial neural networks. Springer, Berlin, June 2011, pp 44\u201351"},{"key":"4621_CR16","unstructured":"Mikolov T, Chen K, Corrado G, Dean J (2013) Efficient estimation of word representations in vector space. arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3781"},{"issue":"01","key":"4621_CR17","first-page":"42","volume":"44","author":"XP Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang XP, Zhang ZX, Wang L, Zhang YJ, Ma QF, Wu JN, Zhang Y (2017) Automatic construction and optimization of sentiment lexicon based on Word2Vec. Comput Sci 44(01):42\u201347","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"key":"4621_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2911669","author":"Z Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao Z, Xuan HZ, Zhang H, Wan S, Choo KKR (2019) Adaptive fusion and category-level dictionary learning model for multi-view human action recognition. IEEE Intern Things J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2911669","journal-title":"IEEE Intern Things J"},{"key":"4621_CR19","unstructured":"Burger JD, Henderson J, Kim G, Zarrella G (2011) Discriminating gender on Twitter. In: Proceedings of the conference on empirical methods in natural language processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, July 2011. pp 1301\u20131309"},{"issue":"1","key":"4621_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-017-9554-6","volume":"51","author":"Z Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Z, Hu Z, Wang M et al (2019) Dictionary learning feature space via sparse representation classification for facial expression recognition. Artif Intell Rev 51(1):1\u201318","journal-title":"Artif Intell Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"4621_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-015-1587-1","volume":"30","author":"F Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang F, Liu YQ, Luan HB, Sun JS, Zhu X, Zhang M, Ma SP (2015) Microblog sentiment analysis with emoticon space model. J Comput Sci Technol 30(5):1120\u20131129","journal-title":"J Comput Sci Technol"},{"key":"4621_CR22","unstructured":"Dos Santos C, Gatti M (2014) Deep convolutional neural networks for sentiment analysis of short texts. In: Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th international conference on computational linguistics: technical papers, Aug 2014, pp 69\u201378"},{"key":"4621_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang D, Qin B, Liu T (2015) Document modeling with gated recurrent neural network for sentiment classification. In: Proceedings of the 2015 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing, September 2015. pp 1422\u20131432","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1167"},{"key":"4621_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tai KS, Socher R, Manning CD (2015) Improved semantic representations from tree-structured long short-term memory networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1503.00075","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P15-1150"},{"issue":"2","key":"4621_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2015.2475761","volume":"28","author":"D Bollegala","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bollegala D, Mu T, Goulermas JY (2015) Cross-domain sentiment classification using sentiment sensitive embeddings. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 28(2):398\u2013410","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"4621_CR26","first-page":"58","volume":"1","author":"R Qi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qi R (2017) Identifying chinese microblog author gender based on dependency. Data Anal Knowl Discov 1(2):58\u201363","journal-title":"Data Anal Knowl Discov"},{"key":"4621_CR27","first-page":"23","volume":"2","author":"LM Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang LM, Yan Q, Li SS, Zhou GD (2018) User gender classification with dual-channel LSTM. Comput Sci 2:23","journal-title":"Comput Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"4621_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1109\/TAFFC.2017.2716930","volume":"8","author":"XS Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li XS, Rao YH, Xie HR, Lau YR, Yin J, Wang FL (2017) Bootstrapping social emotion classification with semantically rich hybrid neural networks. IEEE Trans Affect Comput 8(4):428\u2013442","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Affect Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"4621_CR29","first-page":"1929","volume":"15","author":"N Srivastava","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srivastava N, Hinton G, Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Salakhutdinov R (2014) Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. J Mach Learn Res 15(1):1929\u20131958","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"4621_CR30","unstructured":"Yosinski J, Clune J, Bengio Y, Hod Lipson (2014) How transferable are features in deep neural networks? In: Advances in neural information processing systems. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"3","key":"4621_CR31","first-page":"27","volume":"2","author":"CC Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang CC, Lin CJ (2011) LIBSVM: a library for support vector machines. ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol (TIST) 2(3):27","journal-title":"ACM Trans Intell Syst Technol (TIST)"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04621-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04621-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04621-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T04:39:07Z","timestamp":1722141547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04621-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04621-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 July 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}