{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T19:26:10Z","timestamp":1786389970558,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04665-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T17:04:57Z","timestamp":1576170297000},"page":"11827-11836","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Real-time 7-day forecast of pollen counts using a deep convolutional neural network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Yannic","family":"Lops","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Eslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alqamah","family":"Sayeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4665_CR1","volume-title":"World Allergy Organisation (WAO) white book on allergy: update 2013","author":"R Pawankar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pawankar R, Canonica GW, Holgate ST, Lockey RF, Blaiss M (2013) World Allergy Organisation (WAO) white book on allergy: update 2013. World Allergy Organization, Milwaukee"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000070428","volume":"131","author":"C Traidl-Hoffmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Traidl-Hoffmann C, Kasche A, Menzel A, Jakob T, Thiel M, Ring J, Behrendt H (2003) Impact of pollen on human health: more than allergen carriers? Int Arch Allergy Immunol 131(1):1\u201313","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4665_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-008-0174-3","volume":"52","author":"H Vogel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vogel H, Pauling A, Vogel B (2008) Numerical simulation of birch pollen dispersion with an operational weather forecast system. Int J Biometeorol 52(8):805\u2013814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-008-0174-3","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02486515","volume":"5","author":"S J\u00e4ger","year":"1989","unstructured":"J\u00e4ger S (1989) Trends in the frequency of different pollen types in Vienna from 1976 to 1989. Aerobiologia 5(1):9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf02486515","journal-title":"Aerobiologia"},{"key":"4665_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.142","volume":"473","author":"H Garc\u00eda-Mozo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Mozo H, Yaezel L, Oteros J, Gal\u00e1n C (2014) Statistical approach to the analysis of olive long-term pollen season trends in southern Spain. Sci Total Environ 473:103\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2013.11.142","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"4665_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-013-0682-7","volume":"58","author":"D Myszkowska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Myszkowska D (2014) Poaceae pollen in the air depending on the thermal conditions. Int J Biometeorol 58(5):975\u2013986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-013-0682-7","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4665_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0123077","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123077.s","volume":"10","author":"R Toro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Toro R, C\u00f3rdova A, Canales M, Mardones P (2015) Trends and threshold exceedances analysis of airborne pollen concentrations in Metropolitan Santiago Chile. PLoS ONE 10(5):e0123077. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0123077.s","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4665_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.074","volume":"538","author":"J Rojo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rojo J, Rapp A, Lara B, Fern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez F, P\u00e9rez-Badia R (2015) Effect of land uses and wind direction on the contribution of local sources to airborne pollen. Sci Total Environ 538:672\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.08.074","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-003-0166-2","volume":"48","author":"J Bartkov\u00e1-\u0160\u010devkov\u00e1","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bartkov\u00e1-\u0160\u010devkov\u00e1 J (2003) The influence of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall on the occurrence of pollen allergens (Betula, Poaceae, Ambrosia artemisiifolia) in the atmosphere of Bratislava (Slovakia). Int J Biometeorol 48(1):1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-003-0166-2","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4665_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1080\/00173130510010468","volume":"44","author":"JM Angosto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Angosto JM, Moreno-Grau S, Bayo J, Elvira-Rendueles B (2005) Multiple regression models for predicting total daily pollen concentration in Cartagena. Grana 44(2):108\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00173130510010468","journal-title":"Grana"},{"issue":"2","key":"4665_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-6749(86)80080-x","volume":"78","author":"D Fairley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Fairley D, Batchelder GL (1986) A study of oak-pollen production and phenology in northern California: prediction of annual variation in pollen counts based on geographic and meterologic factors. J Allergy Clin Immunol 78(2):300\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0091-6749(86)80080-x","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s13143-017-0057-9","volume":"54","author":"W Jeon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeon W, Choi Y, Roy A, Pan S, Price D, Hwang MK, Oh I (2018) Investigation of primary factors affecting the variation of modeled oak pollen concentrations: a case study for Southeast Texas in 2010. Asia Pac J Atmos Sci 54(1):33\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13143-017-0057-9","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Atmos Sci"},{"key":"4665_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-13-2769-2016","volume":"13","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu L, Solmon F, Vautard R, Hamaoui-Laguel L, Torma CZ, Giorgi F (2015) Ragweed pollen production and dispersion modelling within a regional climate system, calibration and application over Europe. Biogeosciences 13:2769\u20132786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bg-13-2769-2016","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"4665_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-013-0692-5","volume":"58","author":"LA de Weger","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Weger LA, Beerthuizen T, Hiemstra PS, Sont JK (2014) Development and validation of a 5-day-ahead hay fever forecast for patients with grass-pollen-induced allergic rhinitis. Int J Biometeorol 58(6):1047\u20131055. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-013-0692-5","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4665_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-8561(03)00019-5","volume":"23","author":"E Levetin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levetin E, Van de Water PK (2003) Pollen count forecasting. Immunol Allergy Clin 23(3):423\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-8561(03)00019-5","journal-title":"Immunol Allergy Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/b:aero.0000022984.51588.30","volume":"20","author":"N Helbig","year":"2004","unstructured":"Helbig N, Vogel B, Vogel H, Fiedler F (2004) Numerical modelling of pollen dispersion on the regional scale. Aerobiologia 20(1):3\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/b:aero.0000022984.51588.30","journal-title":"Aerobiologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"4665_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-10-4105-2017","volume":"10","author":"MC Wozniak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wozniak MC, Steiner AL (2017) A prognostic pollen emissions model for climate models (PECM1. 0). Geosci Model Dev 10(11):4105\u20134127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-10-4105-2017","journal-title":"Geosci Model Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"4665_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3977","DOI":"10.5194\/bgd-10-3977-2013","volume":"10","author":"R Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang R, Duhl T, Salam MT, House JM, Flagan RC, Avol EL, VanReken TM (2013) Development of a regional-scale pollen emission and transport modeling framework for investigating the impact of climate change on allergic airway disease. Biogeosciences (online) 10(3):3977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/bgd-10-3977-2013","journal-title":"Biogeosciences (online)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4665_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.7426","volume":"19","author":"K Bastl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bastl K, Berger U, Kmenta M (2017) Evaluation of pollen apps forecasts: the need for quality control in an eHealth service. J Med Int Res 19(5):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.7426","journal-title":"J Med Int Res"},{"key":"4665_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eslami E, Choi Y, Lops Y, Sayeed A (2019) A real-time hourly ozone prediction system using deep convolutional neural network. arXiv:1901.11079[physics.ao-ph]","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04282-x"},{"issue":"4","key":"4665_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.02.011","volume":"32","author":"JMB S\u00e1nchez","year":"2007","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez JMB, Lugilde DN, de Linares Fern\u00e1ndez C, de la Guardia CD, S\u00e1nchez FA (2007) Forecasting airborne pollen concentration time series with neural and neuro-fuzzy models. Expert Syst Appl 32(4):1218\u20131225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.02.011","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"11","key":"4665_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01510.x","volume":"32","author":"JA S\u00e1nchez-Mesa","year":"2002","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Mesa JA, Gal\u00e1n C, Mart\u00ednez-Heras JA, Herv\u00e1s-Mart\u00ednez C (2002) The use of a neural network to forecast daily grass pollen concentration in a Mediterranean region: the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Clin Exp Allergy 32(11):1606\u20131612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2002.01510.x","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"issue":"2","key":"4665_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/mgrs.2016.2540798","volume":"4","author":"L Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhang L, Du B (2016) Deep learning for remote sensing data: a technical tutorial on the state of the art. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Mag 4(2):22\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mgrs.2016.2540798","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens Mag"},{"key":"4665_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.10.013","volume":"77","author":"J Gu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gu J, Wang Z, Kuen J, Ma L, Shahroudy A, Shuai B, Chen T (2018) Recent advances in convolutional neural networks. Pattern Recogn 77:354\u2013377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.10.013","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"4665_CR25","unstructured":"Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton GE (2012) Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 1097\u20131105"},{"issue":"4","key":"4665_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-011-0468-8","volume":"56","author":"K Zink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zink K, Vogel H, Vogel B, Magyar D, Kottmeier C (2012) Modeling the dispersion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. pollen with the model system COSMO-ART. Int J Biometeorol 56(4):669\u2013680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-011-0468-8","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR27","first-page":"1929","volume":"15","author":"N Srivastava","year":"2014","unstructured":"Srivastava N, Hinton G, Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Salakhutdinov R (2014) Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. J Mach Learn Res 15(1):1929\u20131958","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2005.847954","volume":"21","author":"TG Barbounis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barbounis TG, Theocharis JB, Alexiadis MC, Dokopoulos PS (2006) Long-term wind speed and power forecasting using local recurrent neural network models. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 21(1):273\u2013284","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Energy Convers"},{"issue":"2","key":"4665_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1109\/72.279187","volume":"5","author":"AC Tsoi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tsoi AC, Back AD (1994) Locally recurrent globally feedforward networks: a critical review of architectures. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 5(2):229\u2013239","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"key":"4665_CR30","unstructured":"Chung J, Gulcehre C, Cho K, Bengio Y (2014) Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.3555"},{"key":"4665_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dey R, Salemt FM (2017) Gate-variants of gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural networks. In: 2017 IEEE 60th international midwest symposium on circuits and systems (MWSCAS), IEEE, pp 1597\u20131600","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2017.8053243"},{"key":"4665_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu R, Zhang Z, Li L (2016) Using LSTM and GRU neural network methods for traffic flow prediction. In: 2016 31st youth academic annual conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC), IEEE, pp 324\u2013328","DOI":"10.1109\/YAC.2016.7804912"},{"issue":"C5","key":"4665_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8995","DOI":"10.1029\/JC090iC05p08995","volume":"90","author":"CJ Willmott","year":"1985","unstructured":"Willmott CJ, Ackleson SG, Davis RE, Feddema JJ, Klink KM, Legates DR, Rowe CM (1985) Statistics for the evaluation and comparison of models. J Geophys Res Oceans 90(C5):8995\u20139005","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Oceans"},{"issue":"5","key":"4665_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-6-1831-2013","volume":"6","author":"T Chai","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chai T, Kim HC, Lee P, Tong D, Pan L, Tang Y, Stajner I (2013) Evaluation of the United States National Air Quality Forecast Capability experimental real-time predictions in 2010 using Air Quality System ozone and NO2 measurements. Geosci Model Dev 6(5):1831\u20131850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-6-1831-2013","journal-title":"Geosci Model Dev"},{"key":"4665_CR35","unstructured":"Soldevilla CG, Gonz\u00e1lez PC, Teno PA, Vilches ED (2007) Spanish Aerobiology Network (REA): management and quality manual. In: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de C\u00f3rdoba, vol 184, pp 1\u2013300"},{"issue":"1","key":"4665_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-3-19","volume":"3","author":"H Kiotseridis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kiotseridis H, Cilio CM, Bjermer L, Tuns\u00e4ter A, Jacobsson H, Dahl \u00c5 (2013) Grass pollen allergy in children and adolescents-symptoms, health related quality of life and the value of pollen prognosis. Clin Transl Allergy 3(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/2045-7022-3-19","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"4665_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.08.003","volume":"182","author":"M Prank","year":"2013","unstructured":"Prank M, Chapman DS, Bullock JM, Belmonte J, Berger U, Dahl A, Rantio-Lehtim\u00e4ki A (2013) An operational model for forecasting ragweed pollen release and dispersion in Europe. Agric For Meteorol 182:43\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agrformet.2013.08.003","journal-title":"Agric For Meteorol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4665_CR38","first-page":"178","volume":"119","author":"R Banken","year":"1990","unstructured":"Banken R, Comtois P (1990) Concentration du pollen de l\u2019herbe \u00e0 poux et pr\u00e9valence de la rhinite allergique dans deux municipalit\u00e9s des Laurentides. Union m\u00e9dicale du Canada 119(4):178\u2013181","journal-title":"Union m\u00e9dicale du Canada"},{"key":"4665_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1994.tb04233.x","volume":"49","author":"J Emberlin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Emberlin J (1994) The effects of patterns in climate and pollen abundance on allergy. Allergy 49:15\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1398-9995.1994.tb04233.x","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"3","key":"4665_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s00484-010-0346-9","volume":"55","author":"L Makra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Makra L, Matyasovszky I, Thibaudon M, Bonini M (2011) Forecasting ragweed pollen characteristics with nonparametric regression methods over the most polluted areas in Europe. Int J Biometeorol 55(3):361\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00484-010-0346-9","journal-title":"Int J Biometeorol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4665_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2010.06.001","volume":"150","author":"MD Martin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martin MD, Chamecki M, Brush GS (2010) Anthesis synchronization and floral morphology determine diurnal patterns of ragweed pollen dispersal. Agric For Meteorol 150(9):1307\u20131317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.agrformet.2010.06.001","journal-title":"Agric For Meteorol"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04665-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04665-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04665-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T08:22:39Z","timestamp":1749802959000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04665-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4665"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04665-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 February 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}