{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,12]],"date-time":"2025-07-12T22:47:24Z","timestamp":1752360444435},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05331-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T20:02:48Z","timestamp":1600372968000},"page":"5369-5379","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Small vehicle classification in the wild using generative adversarial network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"5331_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai Y, Zhang Y, Ding M, Ghanem B (2018) Finding tiny faces in the wild with generative adversarial network. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 21\u201330","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00010"},{"key":"5331_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell S, Lawrence Zitnick C, Bala K, Girshick R (2016) Inside-outside net: Detecting objects in context with skip pooling and recurrent neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2874\u20132883","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.314"},{"key":"5331_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai Z, Fan Q, Feris RS, Vasconcelos N (2016) A unified multi-scale deep convolutional neural network for fast object detection. In: European conference on computer vision, Springer, New York, pp 354\u2013370","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46493-0_22"},{"issue":"3","key":"5331_CR4","first-page":"506","volume":"8","author":"YL Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen YL (2009) Nighttime vehicle light detection on a moving vehicle using image segmentation and analysis techniques. WSEAS Trans Comput 8(3):506\u2013515","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"5331_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.1967.1053964","volume":"13","author":"T Cover","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cover T, Hart P (2003) Nearest neighbor pattern classification. IEEE Trans Inf Theory 13(1):21\u201327","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"key":"5331_CR6","unstructured":"Csurka G, Dance C, Fan L, Willamowski J, Bray C (2004) Visual categorization with bags of keypoints. In: Workshop on statistical learning in computer vision, ECCV, Prague, vol 1, pp 1\u20132"},{"key":"5331_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong C, Loy CC, He K, Tang X (2014) Learning a deep convolutional network for image super-resolution. In: European conference on computer vision, Springer, pp 184\u2013199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10593-2_13"},{"issue":"2","key":"5331_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2439281","volume":"38","author":"C Dong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dong C, Loy CC, He K, Tang X (2016) Image super-resolution using deep convolutional networks. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 38(2):295\u2013307","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"11","key":"5331_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913491297","volume":"32","author":"A Geiger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geiger A, Lenz P, Stiller C, Urtasun R (2013) Vision meets robotics: the kitti dataset. Int J Robot Res 32(11):1231\u20131237","journal-title":"Int J Robot Res"},{"key":"5331_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick R (2015) Fast r-cnn. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 1440\u20131448","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"5331_CR11","unstructured":"Goodfellow I (2016) Nips 2016 tutorial: Generative adversarial networks. ArXiv preprint arXiv:1701.00160"},{"key":"5331_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 770\u2013778","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"5331_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He Y, Li L (2018) A novel multi-source vehicle detection algorithm based on deep learning. In: 2018 14th IEEE international conference on signal processing (ICSP), IEEE, pp 979\u2013982","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSP.2018.8652388"},{"issue":"3","key":"5331_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2018.2838132","volume":"20","author":"X Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu X, Xu X, Xiao Y, Chen H, He S, Qin J, Heng PA (2018) Sinet: a scale-insensitive convolutional neural network for fast vehicle detection. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 20(3):1010\u20131019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"5331_CR15","unstructured":"John GH (1995) Estimating continuous distributions in Bayesian classifiers. In: Proceedings of the 11th conference on uncertainty in artificial intelligence, 1995"},{"key":"5331_CR16","unstructured":"Jolicoeur-Martineau A (2018) The relativistic discriminator: a key element missing from standard gan. ArXiv preprint arXiv:1807.00734"},{"issue":"1","key":"5331_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2011.2173203","volume":"8","author":"M Kafai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kafai M, Bhanu B (2012) Dynamic Bayesian networks for vehicle classification in video. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 8(1):100\u2013109","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"issue":"2","key":"5331_CR18","first-page":"75","volume":"25","author":"A Krizhevsky","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krizhevsky A, Sutskever I, Hinton G (2012) Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Adv Neural Inf Process Syst 25(2):75\u201379","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"5331_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ledig C, Theis L, Husz\u00e1r F, Caballero J, Cunningham A, Acosta A, Aitken A, Tejani A, Totz J, Wang Z, et al (2017) Photo-realistic single image super-resolution using a generative adversarial network. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 4681\u20134690","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.19"},{"key":"5331_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li J, Liang X, Wei Y, Xu T, Feng J, Yan S (2017) Perceptual generative adversarial networks for small object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1222\u20131230","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.211"},{"key":"5331_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma Z, Yu L, Chan AB (2015) Small instance detection by integer programming on object density maps. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3689\u20133697","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298992"},{"issue":"6","key":"5331_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00138-014-0623-4","volume":"25","author":"K Nasrollahi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nasrollahi K, Moeslund TB (2014) Super-resolution: a comprehensive survey. Mach Vis Appl 25(6):1423\u20131468","journal-title":"Mach Vis Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"5331_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2010.06.005","volume":"33","author":"A Psyllos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Psyllos A, Anagnostopoulos CN, Kayafas E (2011) Vehicle model recognition from frontal view image measurements. Comput Stand Interfaces 33(2):142\u2013151","journal-title":"Comput Stand Interfaces"},{"key":"5331_CR24","unstructured":"Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 91\u201399"},{"key":"5331_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shuang W, Li Z, Zhang H, Ji Y, Yan L (2017) Classifying vehicles with convolutional neural network and feature encoding. In: IEEE international conference on industrial informatics","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2016.7819266"},{"key":"5331_CR26","unstructured":"Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2014) Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. ArXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556"},{"key":"5331_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Yu K, Wu S, Gu J, Liu Y, Dong C, Loy CC, Qiao Y, Tang X (2018) Esrgan: enhanced super-resolution generative adversarial networks","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11021-5_5"},{"key":"5331_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang CY, Ma C, Yang MH (2014) Single-image super-resolution: a benchmark. In: European conference on computer vision, Springer, pp 372\u2013386","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10593-2_25"},{"key":"5331_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3691-y","volume":"32","author":"H Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang H, Sun Y, Liu L, Wang X, Li L, Liu W (2018) Clothingout: a category-supervised GAN model for clothing segmentation and retrieval. Neural Comput Appl 32:4519\u20134530","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"5331_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1109\/TCI.2016.2644865","volume":"3","author":"H Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao H, Gallo O, Frosio I, Kautz J (2016) Loss functions for image restoration with neural networks. IEEE Trans Comput Imaging 3(1):47\u201357","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Imaging"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05331-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05331-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05331-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,17]],"date-time":"2021-09-17T00:33:06Z","timestamp":1631838786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05331-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05331-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}