{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T16:17:52Z","timestamp":1777393072115,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-05879-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T05:11:02Z","timestamp":1615957862000},"page":"11875-11887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Slime mould algorithm constrained by the relay operating time for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using multiple standardized tripping curves"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Abdelmonem","family":"Draz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud M.","family":"Elkholy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3476-1361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attia A.","family":"El-Fergany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"5879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2681","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.0961","volume":"10","author":"D Saha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saha D, Datta A, Das P (2016) Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in power systems using Symbiotic Organism Search Optimisation technique. IET Gener Transm Distrib 10(11):2681\u20132688. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.0961","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"key":"5879_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2019.01.004","volume":"170","author":"EH Gutierrez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gutierrez EH, Conde A, Shih MY, Fernandez E (2019) Execution time enhancement of DOCR coordination algorithms for online application. Electr Power Syst Res 170:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2019.01.004","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"key":"5879_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2020.106197","volume":"181","author":"AA Kidaa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kidaa AA, Rivas AEL, Gallego LA (2020) An improved simulated annealing\u2013linear programming hybrid algorithm applied to the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays. Electr Power Syst Res 181:106197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2020.106197","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5879_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2754399","volume":"10","author":"E Purwar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Purwar E, Vishwakarma DN, Singh SP (2019) A novel constraints reduction based optimal relay coordination method considering variable operational status of distribution system with DGs. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 10(1):889\u2013898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSG.2017.2754399","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"key":"5879_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2018.01.015","volume":"158","author":"Y Damchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Damchi Y, Dolatabadi M, Mashhadi HR, Sadeh J (2018) MILP approach for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in interconnected power systems. Electr Power Syst Res 158:267\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2018.01.015","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"key":"5879_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-03826-6","volume":"23","author":"AA El-Fergany","year":"2019","unstructured":"El-Fergany AA, Hasanien HM (2019) Water cycle algorithm for optimal overcurrent relays coordination in electric power systems. Soft Comput 23:12761\u201312778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-019-03826-6","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"5879_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1080\/15325008.2019.1602687","volume":"47","author":"A Korashy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korashy A, Kamel S, Jurado F, Youssef A-R (2019) Hybrid whale optimization algorithm and grey wolf optimizer algorithm for optimal coordination of direction overcurrent relays. Electr Power Compon Syst 47(6\u20137):644\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325008.2019.1602687","journal-title":"Electr Power Compon Syst"},{"issue":"11","key":"5879_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.1087","volume":"10","author":"Y Damchi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damchi Y, Sadeh J, Mashhadi HR (2016) Optimal coordination of distance and overcurrent relays considering a non-standard tripping characteristic for distance relays. IET Gener Transm Distrib 10(11):1448\u20131457. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.1087","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"issue":"2","key":"5879_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2017.2773018","volume":"54","author":"A Srivastava","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srivastava A, Tripathi JM, Krishan R, Parida SK (2018) Optimal coordination of overcurrent relays using gravitational search algorithm with DG penetration. IEEE Trans Ind Appl 54(2):1155\u20131165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIA.2017.2773018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"5879_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5733","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2695378","volume":"9","author":"TS Aghdam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aghdam TS, Karegar HK, Zeineldin HH (2018) Transient stability constrained protection coordination for distribution systems with DG. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 9(6):5733\u20135741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSG.2017.2695378","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"issue":"2","key":"5879_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2587725","volume":"9","author":"E Dehghanpour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dehghanpour E, Karegar HK, Kheirollahi R, Soleymani T (2018) Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays in microgrids by using cuckoo-linear optimization algorithm and fault current limiter. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 9(2):1365\u20131375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSG.2016.2587725","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"issue":"12","key":"5879_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2018.0079","volume":"12","author":"HR Baghaee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baghaee HR, Mirsalim M, Gharehpetian GB, Talebi HA (2018) MOPSO\/FDMT-based Pareto-optimal solution for coordination of overcurrent relays in interconnected networks and multi-DER microgrids. IET Gener Transm Distrib 12(12):2871\u20132886. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2018.0079","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"issue":"2","key":"5879_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2014.2341666","volume":"30","author":"KA Saleh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saleh KA, Zeineldin HH, Al-Hinai A, El-Saadany EF (2015) Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a new time\u2013current voltage characteristic. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 30(2):537\u2013544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPWRD.2014.2341666","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Deliv"},{"key":"5879_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2017.11.014","volume":"157","author":"CA Castillo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castillo CA, Conde A, Shih MY (2018) Improvement of non-standardized directional overcurrent relay coordination by invasive weed optimization. Electr Power Syst Res 157:48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2017.11.014","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5879_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.0574","volume":"12","author":"A Yazdaninejadi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yazdaninejadi A, Naderi MS, Gharehpetian GB, Talavat V (2018) Protection coordination of directional overcurrent relays: new time current characteristic and objective function. IET Gener Transm Distrib 12(1):190\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.0574","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"issue":"1","key":"5879_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2357813","volume":"6","author":"HH Zeineldin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zeineldin HH, Sharaf HM, Ibrahim DK, El-Zahab EE-DA (2015) Optimal protection coordination for meshed distribution systems with DG using dual setting directional over-current relays. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 6(1):115\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TSG.2014.2357813","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Smart Grid"},{"issue":"2","key":"5879_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2018.5431","volume":"13","author":"A Yazdaninejadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yazdaninejadi A, Nazarpour D, Talavat V (2019) Optimal coordination of dual-setting directional over-current relays in multi-source meshed active distribution networks considering transient stability. IET Gener Transm Distrib 13(2):157\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2018.5431","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"issue":"12","key":"5879_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2014.0683","volume":"9","author":"KA Saleh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saleh KA, Zeineldin HH, Al-Hinai A, El-Saadany EF (2015) Dual-setting characteristic for directional overcurrent relays considering multiple fault locations. IET Gener Transm Distrib 9(12):1332\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2014.0683","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"issue":"7","key":"5879_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.1674","volume":"12","author":"A Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma A, Kiran D, Panigrahi BK (2018) Planning the coordination of overcurrent relays for distribution systems considering network reconfiguration and load restoration. IET Gener Transm Distrib 12(7):1672\u20131679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2017.1674","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"key":"5879_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2019.105921","volume":"175","author":"N Mohammadzadeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammadzadeh N, Chabanloo RM, Maleki MG (2019) Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays considering two-level fault current due to the operation of remote side relay. Electr Power Syst Res 175:105921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2019.105921","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5879_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2901028","volume":"34","author":"M Dolatabadi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dolatabadi M, Damchi Y (2019) Graph theory based heuristic approach for minimum break point set determination in large scale power systems. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 34(3):963\u2013970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPWRD.2019.2901028","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Deliv"},{"issue":"1","key":"5879_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2808264","volume":"15","author":"TS Aghdam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aghdam TS, Karegar HK, Zeineldin HH (2019) Optimal coordination of double-inverse overcurrent relays for stable operation of DGs. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 15(1):183\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2018.2808264","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"issue":"4","key":"5879_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2019.0325","volume":"14","author":"MG Maleki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maleki MG, Chabanloo RM, Farrokhifar M (2020) Accurate coordination method based on dynamic model of overcurrent relay for industrial power networks taking contribution of induction motors into account. IET Gener Transm Distrib 14(4):645\u2013655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-gtd.2019.0325","journal-title":"IET Gener Transm Distrib"},{"issue":"2","key":"5879_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.2478\/amns.2020.2.00030","volume":"5","author":"Y Hongjiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hongjiang Y, Mao J, Zhou Q, Cheng B, Liu X, Chunlin Du (2020) Design research of 600 m scale concrete arch bridge based on mathematical optimization method. Appl Math Nonlinear Sci 5(2):503\u2013518. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/amns.2020.2.00030","journal-title":"Appl Math Nonlinear Sci"},{"key":"5879_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e112990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112990","volume":"217","author":"AM Agwa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Agwa AM, El-Fergany AA, Maksoud HA (2020) Electrical characterization of photovoltaic modules using farmland fertility optimizer. Energy Convers Manag 217:e112990. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112990","journal-title":"Energy Convers Manag"},{"key":"5879_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.03.055","volume":"111","author":"S Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li S, Chen H, Wang M, Heidari AA, Mirjalili S (2020) Slime mould algorithm: a new method for stochastic optimization. Future Gener Comput Syst 111:300\u2013323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2020.03.055","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"5879_CR27","unstructured":"IEC 60255, Electrical Relays, Part 3: Single input energizing quantity measuring relays with dependent or independent time"},{"key":"5879_CR28","unstructured":"C37.112-2018. IEEE Standard for Inverse-Time Characteristics Equations for Overcurrent Relays"},{"key":"5879_CR29","unstructured":"MATLAB of Mathworks, www.mathworks.com. Accessed 20 Oct 2020"},{"key":"5879_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rajput VN, Pandya KS, Joshi K (2015) Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using hybrid CSA-FFA method. In: 2015 12th international conference on electrical engineering\/electronics, computer, telecommunications and information technology (ECTI-CON). Hua Hin, Thailand, 24\u201327 June 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ECTICon.2015.7207044","DOI":"10.1109\/ECTICon.2015.7207044"},{"key":"5879_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8561","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04361-z","volume":"32","author":"S Kamel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamel S, Korashy A, Youssef A-R, Jurado F (2019) Development and application of an efficient optimizer for optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays. Neural Comput Appl 32:8561\u20138583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-019-04361-z","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"5879_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.01.037","volume":"54","author":"HREH Bouchekara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bouchekara HREH, Zellagui M, Abido MA (2017) Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays using a modified electromagnetic field optimization algorithm. Appl Soft Comput 54:267\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.01.037","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"5879_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.10.020","volume":"74","author":"A Korashy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korashy A, Kamel S, Youssef A-R, Jurado F (2019) Modified water cycle algorithm for optimal direction overcurrent relays coordination. Appl Soft Comput 74:10\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.10.020","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"5879_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2015.06.018","volume":"128","author":"MN Alam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alam MN, Das B, Pant V (2015) A comparative study of metaheuristic optimization approaches for directional overcurrent relays coordination. Electr Power Syst Res 128:39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsr.2015.06.018","journal-title":"Electr Power Syst Res"},{"key":"5879_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/etep.2395","volume":"27","author":"AA El-Fergany","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Fergany AA, Hasanien HM (2017) Optimized settings of directional overcurrent relays in meshed power networks using stochastic fractal search algorithm. Int Trans Electr Energy Syst 27:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etep.2395","journal-title":"Int Trans Electr Energy Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"5879_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/etep.2073","volume":"26","author":"A El-Fergany","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Fergany A (2016) Optimal directional digital overcurrent relays coordination and arc-flash hazard assessments in meshed networks. Int Trans Electr Energy Syst 26(1):134\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/etep.2073","journal-title":"Int Trans Electr Energy Syst"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-05879-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-021-05879-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-05879-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T20:12:13Z","timestamp":1629749533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-021-05879-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5879"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-021-05879-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}