{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:51:29Z","timestamp":1777495889395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06077-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T05:02:20Z","timestamp":1621141340000},"page":"14311-14326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A novel image encryption scheme based on multi-directional diffusion technique and integrated chaotic map"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Milad","family":"Riyahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3220-4839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjan","family":"Kuchaki Rafsanjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rouzbeh","family":"Motevalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"6077_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2015.09.007","volume":"78","author":"L Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu L, Li Z, Li J, Hua W (2016) A novel bit-level image encryption algorithm based on chaotic maps. Opt Lasers Eng 78:17\u201325","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Eng"},{"key":"6077_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2005.11.090","volume":"32","author":"HS Kwok","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kwok HS, Tang WKS (2007) A fast image encryption system based on chaotic maps with finite precision representation. Chaos Solitons Fractals 32:1518\u20131529","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"6077_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.01.026","volume":"147","author":"R Lan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lan R, He J, Wang S, Gu T, Luo X (2018) Integrated chaotic systems for image encryption. Sign Process 147:133\u2013145","journal-title":"Sign Process"},{"issue":"9","key":"6077_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2363168","volume":"45","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Hua Z, Pun CM, Chen CLP (2015) Cascade chaotic system with applications. IEEE Trans Cyber 45(9):2001\u20132012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cyber"},{"key":"6077_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu Y, Noonan JP, Agaian S (2011) A wheel-switch chaotic system for image encryption, Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on System Science and Engineering, Macau, China, pp 23\u201327.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSE.2011.5961867"},{"key":"6077_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.08.008","volume":"37","author":"X Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu X, Kan H, Kurths J (2015) A new color image encryption scheme based on DNA sequences and multiple improved 1D chaotic maps. Appl Soft Comput 37:24\u201339","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"6077_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2016.02.018","volume":"82","author":"N Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou N, Pan S, Cheng S, Zhou Z (2016) Image compression\u2013encryption scheme based on hyper-chaotic system. Opt Laser Technol 82:121\u2013133","journal-title":"Opt Laser Technol"},{"key":"6077_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2018.12.003","volume":"65","author":"Y Naseer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Naseer Y, Shah D, Shah T (2019) A novel approach to improve multimedia security utilizing 3D mixed chaotic map. Microprocess Microsyst 65:1\u20136","journal-title":"Microprocess Microsyst"},{"key":"6077_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2003.12.022","volume":"21","author":"G Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen G, Mao Y, Chui CK (2004) A symmetric image encryption scheme based on 3D chaotic cat maps. Chaos SolitonsFract 21:749\u2013761","journal-title":"Chaos SolitonsFract"},{"key":"6077_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2011.11.030","volume":"17","author":"A Kanso","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanso A, Ghebleh M (2012) A novel image encryption algorithm based on a 3D chaotic map. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simulat 17:2943\u20132959","journal-title":"Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simulat"},{"issue":"1","key":"6077_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2018.10.001","volume":"20","author":"M Ge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ge M, Ye R (2019) A novel image encryption scheme based on 3D bit matrix and chaotic. Egypt Inform J 20(1):45\u201354","journal-title":"Egypt Inform J"},{"key":"6077_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.camwa.2010.03.017","volume":"59","author":"L Hongjun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hongjun L, Xingyuan W (2010) Color image encryption based on one-time keys and robust chaotic maps. Comput Math Appl 59:3320\u20133327","journal-title":"Comput Math Appl"},{"key":"6077_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2011.10.023","volume":"92","author":"X Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang X, Teng L, Qin X (2012) A novel colour image encryption algorithm based on chaos. Signal Process 92:1101\u20131108","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"6077_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2015.07.015","volume":"77","author":"L Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang L, Song H, Liu P (2016) A novel hybrid color image encryption algorithm using two complex chaotic systems. Opt Lasers Eng 77:118\u2013125","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Eng"},{"key":"6077_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.02.029","volume":"107","author":"M Kaur","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kaur M, Singh D, Sun K, Rawat U (2020) Color image encryption using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with local chaotic search based 5D chaotic map. Futur Gener Comput Syst 107:333\u2013350","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"6077_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2020.106040","volume":"128","author":"YQ Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang YQ, He Y, Li P, Wang XY (2020) A new color image encryption scheme based on 2DNLCML system and genetic operations. Opt Lasers Eng 128:106040","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Eng"},{"key":"6077_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2006.02.021","volume":"24","author":"NK Pareek","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pareek NK, Patidar V, Sud KK (2006) Image encryption using chaotic logistic map. Image Vis Comput 24:926\u2013934","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"6077_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2013.10.034","volume":"97","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Bao L, Chen CLP (2014) A new 1D chaotic system for image encryption. Signal Process 97:172\u2013182","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"6077_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2019.105854","volume":"122","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Sun H (2020) A chaotic image encryption algorithm based on improved Joseph traversal and cyclic shift function. Opt Lasers Technol 122:105854","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Technol"},{"key":"6077_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2018.02.007","volume":"148","author":"X Chai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chai X, Zheng X, Gan Z, Han D, Chen Y (2018) An image encryption algorithm based on chaotic system and compressive sensing. Signal Process 148:124\u2013144","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"6077_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2018.06.029","volume":"171","author":"CL Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li CL, Li HM, Li FD, Wei DQ, Yang XB, Zhang J (2018) Multiple-image encryption by using robust chaotic map in wavelet transform domain. OptikInt J Light Electron Opt 171:277\u2013286","journal-title":"OptikInt J Light Electron Opt"},{"key":"6077_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2014.11.018","volume":"297","author":"Z Hua","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hua Z, Zhou Y, Pun CM, Chen CLP (2015) 2D Sine Logistic modulation map for image encryption. Inf Sci 297:80\u201394","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"6077_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.01.017","volume":"339","author":"Z Hua","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hua Z, Zhou Y (2016) Image encryption using 2D logistic adjusted sine map. Inf Sci 339:237\u2013253","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"key":"6077_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27361","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971759","volume":"8","author":"L Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu L, Lei Y, Wang D (2020) A fast chaotic image encryption scheme with simultaneous permutation-diffusion operation. IEEE Access 8:27361\u201327374","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"6077_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2018.11.010","volume":"115","author":"XY Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang XY, Li ZM (2019) A color image encryption algorithm based on Hopfield chaotic neural network. Opt Lasers Eng 115:107\u2013118","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Eng"},{"key":"6077_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181083","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2959031","volume":"7","author":"J Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen J, Li XW, Wang QH (2019) Deep learning for improving the robustness of image encryption. IEEE Access 7:181083\u2013181091","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"6077_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177844","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2959017","volume":"7","author":"W Sirichotedumrong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sirichotedumrong W, Kinoshita Y, Kiya H (2019) Pixel-based image encryption without key management fro privacy-preserving deep neural network. IEEE Access 7:177844\u2013177855","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"6077_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2010.03.022","volume":"90","author":"X Liao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liao X, Lai S, Zhou Q (2010) A novel image encryption algorithm based on self-adaptive wave transmission. Signal Process 90(9):2714\u20132722","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"6077_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-018-0801-0","volume":"16","author":"F Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li F, Wu H, Zhou G, Wei W (2019) Robust real-time image encryption with aperiodic chaotic map and random-cycling bit shift. J Real-Time Image Proc 16(3):775\u2013790","journal-title":"J Real-Time Image Proc"},{"key":"6077_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2019.04.005","volume":"122","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhao H, Feng L, Ye X, Zhang H (2019) High-sensitivity image encryption algorithm with random diffusion based. Opt Lasers Eng 122:225\u2013238","journal-title":"Opt Lasers Eng"},{"key":"6077_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2019.02.016","volume":"160","author":"M Alawida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alawida M, Samsudin A, Teh JS, Alkhawaldeh RS (2019) A new hybrid digital chaotic system with applications in image encryption. Signal Process 160:45\u201358","journal-title":"Signal Process"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06077-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06077-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06077-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T06:11:55Z","timestamp":1635055915000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06077-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06077-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}