{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:33:58Z","timestamp":1783438438106,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06146-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T07:04:57Z","timestamp":1623049497000},"page":"15267-15279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Dynamic mobile charger scheduling with partial charging strategy for WSNs using deep-Q-networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Sanjai Prasada Rao","family":"Banoth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Donta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarachand","family":"Amgoth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1286(01)00302-4","volume":"38","author":"IF Akyildiz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E (2002) Wireless sensor networks: a survey. Comput Netw 38(4):393\u2013422","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"issue":"10","key":"6146_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2821176","volume":"18","author":"D Arivudainambi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arivudainambi D, Balaji S (2018) Optimal placement of wireless chargers in rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Sens J 18(10):4212\u20134222","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"issue":"18","key":"6146_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8340","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2918865","volume":"19","author":"N Aslam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aslam N, Xia K, Hadi MU (2019) Optimal wireless charging inclusive of intellectual routing based on SARSA learning in renewable wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sens J 19(18):8340\u20138351","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"issue":"14","key":"6146_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4661","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2017.2709698","volume":"17","author":"U Baroudi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baroudi U (2017) Robot-assisted maintenance of wireless sensor networks using wireless energy transfer. IEEE Sens J 17(14):4661\u20134671","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"issue":"6","key":"6146_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2750323","volume":"25","author":"H Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai H, Liu Y, Chen G, Wu X, He T, Liu AX, Ma H (2017) Safe charging for wireless power transfer. IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw 25(6):3531\u20133544","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw"},{"issue":"4","key":"6146_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2019.2949146","volume":"20","author":"PK Donta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donta PK, Rao BSP, Amgoth T, Annavarapu CSR, Swain S (2020) Data collection and path determination strategies for mobile sink in 3D WSNs. IEEE Sens J 20(4):2224\u20132233","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"issue":"20","key":"6146_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7409","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2588282","volume":"16","author":"W Ejaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ejaz W, Naeem M, Basharat M, Anpalagan A, Kandeepan S (2016) Efficient wireless power transfer in software-defined wireless sensor networks. IEEE Sens J 16(20):7409\u20137420","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"6146_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feng Y, Liu N, Wang F, Qian Q, Fu X (2017) A framework of mobile energy replenishment for wireless sensor and actuator networks. In: GLOBECOM 2017-2017 IEEE global communications conference, IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8253961"},{"issue":"4","key":"6146_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2018.2879084","volume":"13","author":"G Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han G, Guan H, Wu J, Chan S, Shu L, Zhang W (2018) An uneven cluster-based mobile charging algorithm for wireless rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Syst J 13(4):3747\u20133758","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"issue":"3","key":"6146_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2006.11.001","volume":"3","author":"J Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li J, Mohapatra P (2007) Analytical modeling and mitigation techniques for the energy hole problem in sensor networks. Pervasive Mob Comput 3(3):233\u2013254","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"6146_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2017.2723605","volume":"25","author":"W Liang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liang W, Xu Z, Xu W, Shi J, Mao G, Das SK (2017) Approximation algorithms for charging reward maximization in rechargeable sensor networks via a mobile charger. IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw 25(5):3161\u20133174","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"6146_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2017.2703094","volume":"17","author":"C Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin C, Zhou J, Guo C, Song H, Wu G, Obaidat MS (2017a) Tsca: a temporal-spatial real-time charging scheduling algorithm for on-demand architecture in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 17(1):211\u2013224","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"6146_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"C Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin C, Zhou Y, Song H, Yu CW, Wu G (2017b) Oppc: an optimal path planning charging scheme based on schedulability evaluation for wrsns. ACM Trans Embedded Comput Syst (TECS) 17(1):1\u201325","journal-title":"ACM Trans Embedded Comput Syst (TECS)"},{"issue":"12","key":"6146_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12124","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2872890","volume":"67","author":"C Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin C, Wei S, Deng J, Obaidat MS, Song H, Wang L, Wu G (2018) Gtccs: a game theoretical collaborative charging scheduling for on-demand charging architecture. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 67(12):12124\u201312136","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6146_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2016.2616309","volume":"16","author":"T Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu T, Wu B, Wu H, Peng J (2017) Low-cost collaborative mobile charging for large-scale wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 16(8):2213\u20132227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMC.2016.2616309","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"6146_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2499783","volume":"18","author":"X Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu X, Wang P, Niyato D, Kim DI, Han Z (2016) Wireless charging technologies: fundamentals, standards, and network applications. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 18(2):1413\u20131452","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"issue":"4","key":"6146_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3133","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2916583","volume":"21","author":"NC Luong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Luong NC, Hoang DT, Gong S, Niyato D, Wang P, Liang YC, Kim DI (2019) Applications of deep reinforcement learning in communications and networking: a survey. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 21(4):3133\u20133174","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"issue":"4","key":"6146_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2018.2841420","volume":"26","author":"Y Ma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ma Y, Liang W, Xu W (2018) Charging utility maximization in wireless rechargeable sensor networks by charging multiple sensors simultaneously. IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw 26(4):1591\u20131604","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw"},{"issue":"7540","key":"6146_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236","volume":"518","author":"V Mnih","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mnih V, Kavukcuoglu K, Silver D, Rusu AA, Veness J, Bellemare MG, Graves A, Riedmiller M, Fidjeland AK, Ostrovski G et al (2015) Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. Nature 518(7540):529\u2013533","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"6146_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2772318","volume":"5","author":"W Na","year":"2017","unstructured":"Na W, Park J, Lee C, Park K, Kim J, Cho S (2017) Energy-efficient mobile charging for wireless power transfer in internet of things networks. IEEE Internet of Things J 5(1):79\u201392","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things J"},{"key":"6146_CR21","unstructured":"Prasannababu D, Vaishnav S, Amgoth T (2019) Mobile charger scheduling using partial charging strategy for rechargeable wsns. In: 2019 international conference on computing, power and communication technologies (GUCON), IEEE, pp 845\u2013852"},{"key":"6146_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.09.013","volume":"49","author":"D Praveen Kumar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Praveen Kumar D, Tarachand A, Rao ACS (2019) Machine learning algorithms for wireless sensor networks: a survey. Inf Fusion 49:1\u201325","journal-title":"Inf Fusion"},{"key":"6146_CR23","unstructured":"Rao BSP, Singh D, Amgoth T (2019) Joint wireless charging and data collection using mobile element for rechargeable wsns. In: 2019 international conference on computing. power and communication technologies (GUCON), IEEE, pp 837\u2013844"},{"issue":"8","key":"6146_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7400","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2668990","volume":"66","author":"F Sangare","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sangare F, Xiao Y, Niyato D, Han Z (2017) Mobile charging in wireless-powered sensor networks: optimal scheduling and experimental implementation. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 66(8):7400\u20137410","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"6146_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi Y, Xie L, Hou YT, Sherali HD (2011) On renewable sensor networks with wireless energy transfer. In: 2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM, IEEE, pp 1350\u20131358","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOM.2011.5934919"},{"issue":"1","key":"6146_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2586028","volume":"13","author":"Y Shu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shu Y, Shin KG, Chen J, Sun Y (2016) Joint energy replenishment and operation scheduling in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 13(1):125\u2013134","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inform"},{"issue":"6","key":"6146_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2013.2296515","volume":"13","author":"C Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang C, Li J, Ye F, Yang Y (2014) Netwrap: an ndn based real-timewireless recharging framework for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 13(6):1283\u20131297","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"11","key":"6146_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9110285","volume":"9","author":"Q Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang Q, Kong F, Wang M, Wang H (2017) Optimized charging scheduling with single mobile charger for wireless rechargeable sensor networks. Symmetry 9(11):285","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"8","key":"6146_CR29","first-page":"1521","volume":"33","author":"L Xie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xie L, Shi Y, Hou YT, Lou W, Sherali HD, Zhou H, Midkiff SF (2015) A mobile platform for wireless charging and data collection in sensor networks. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 33(8):1521\u20131533","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"6146_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2018.2813376","volume":"17","author":"W Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu W, Liang W, Jia X, Xu Z, Li Z, Liu Y (2018) Maximizing sensor lifetime with the minimal service cost of a mobile charger in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 17(11):2564\u20132577","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"key":"6146_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu J, Feng Y, Liu M, Zhang Z, Ma C (2017) Node failure avoidance mobile charging in wireless rechargeable sensor networks. In: GLOBECOM 2017-2017 IEEE global communications conference, IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8253964"},{"issue":"3","key":"6146_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5196","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2899155","volume":"6","author":"X Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu X, Li J, Zhou M (2019) Target coverage-oriented deployment of rechargeable directional sensor networks with a mobile charger. IEEE Internet of Things J 6(3):5196\u20135208","journal-title":"IEEE Internet of Things J"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06146-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06146-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06146-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,30]],"date-time":"2022-12-30T03:46:47Z","timestamp":1672372007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06146-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["6146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06146-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 January 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}