{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T20:12:39Z","timestamp":1775074359682,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61373162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61373162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department Project","award":["2019YFG0183"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YFG0183"]}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory Project","award":["KJ201402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJ201402"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP18K18044"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP18K18044"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06219-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T18:02:15Z","timestamp":1625421735000},"page":"13921-13934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Toward real-time and efficient cardiovascular monitoring for COVID-19 patients by 5G-enabled wearable medical devices: a deep learning approach"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-2507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keping","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ali Kashif","family":"Bashir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaofan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fangpeng","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"6219_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou X, Hu Y, Liang W, Ma J, Jin Q (2020) Variational lstm enhanced anomaly detection for industrial big data. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 17(5):3469-3477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2020.3022432","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3022432"},{"issue":"2","key":"6219_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2020.3035520","volume":"10","author":"K Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu K, Tan L, Shang X, Huang J, Srivastava G, Chatterjee P (2021) Efficient and privacy-preserving medical research support platform against covid-19: a blockchain-based approach. IEEE Consumer Electron Mag 10(2):111\u2013120","journal-title":"IEEE Consumer Electron Mag"},{"key":"6219_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3049141","author":"K Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu K, Tan L, Aloqaily M, Yang H, Jararweh Y (2021) Blockchain-enhanced data sharing with traceable and direct revocation in iiot. IEEE Trans Ind Inf. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2021.3049141","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"key":"6219_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3079574","author":"K Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu K, Guo Z, Shen Y, Wang W, Lin JC-W, Sato T (2021) Secure artificial intelligence of things for implicit group recommendations. IEEE Internet Things J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3079574","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6219_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1504\/IJAIP.2018.089494","volume":"10","author":"G Manogaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manogaran G, Lopez D (2018) Health data analytics using scalable logistic regression with stochastic gradient descent. Int J Adv Intell Paradigms 10(1\u20132):118\u2013132","journal-title":"Int J Adv Intell Paradigms"},{"issue":"7","key":"6219_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6429","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2985082","volume":"7","author":"X Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou X, Liang W, Wang KI, Wang H, Yang LT, Jin Q (2020) Deep-learning-enhanced human activity recognition for internet of healthcare things. IEEE Int Things J 7(7):6429\u20136438","journal-title":"IEEE Int Things J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6219_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2018.2845860","volume":"23","author":"J Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang J, Huang X, Tang S, Shi GM, Ma X, Guo J (2019) Blood triglyceride monitoring with smartphone as electrochemical analyzer for cardiovascular disease prevention. IEEE J Biomed Health Inf 23(1):66\u201371","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inf"},{"issue":"5","key":"6219_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2016.2567298","volume":"21","author":"MH Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li MH, Yadollahi A, Taati B (2017) Noncontact vision-based cardiopulmonary monitoring in different sleeping positions. IEEE J Biomed Health Inf 21(5):1367\u20131375","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inf"},{"issue":"2","key":"6219_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2019.2911367","volume":"24","author":"S Saadatnejad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saadatnejad S, Oveisi M, Hashemi M (2020) Lstm-based ecg classification for continuous monitoring on personal wearable devices. IEEE J Biomed Health Inf 24(2):515\u2013523","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inf"},{"key":"6219_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2014.2332453","volume":"2","author":"H Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu H, Wen Y, Chua T-S, Li X (2014) Toward scalable systems for big data analytics: a technology tutorial. IEEE Access 2:652\u2013687","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"6219_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3020679","volume":"39","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yang L, Ding Z, Song J, Zhai Y, Zhang D (2021) Sparse vector coding-based multi-carrier noma for in-home health networks. IEEE J Select Areas Commun 39(2):325\u2013337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3020679","journal-title":"IEEE J Select Areas Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"6219_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.2000223","volume":"35","author":"C Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng C, Yu K, Bashir AK, Al-Otaibi YD, Lu Y, Chen S, Zhang D (2021) Efficient and secure data sharing for 5g flying drones: a blockchain-enabled approach. IEEE Netw 35(1):130\u2013137","journal-title":"IEEE Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"6219_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-014-9492-7","volume":"17","author":"S Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li S, DaXu L, Zhao S (2015) The internet of things: a survey. Inf Syst Front 17(2):243\u2013259","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"key":"6219_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000374","author":"K Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu K, Tan L, Lin L, Chen X, Yi Z, Sato T (2021) Deep learning empowered breast cancer auxiliary diagnosis for 5gb remote e-health. IEEE Wireless Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MWC.001.2000374","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Communications"},{"key":"6219_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.03.057","volume":"86","author":"G Sannino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sannino G, DePietro G (2018) A deep learning approach for ecg-based heartbeat classification for arrhythmia detection. Future Generat Comput Syst 86:446\u2013455","journal-title":"Future Generat Comput Syst"},{"key":"6219_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ed-daoudy A, Maalmi K (2019) A new internet of things architecture for real-time prediction of various diseases using machine learning on big data environment. J Big Data 6(1): 104","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0271-7"},{"key":"6219_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun J, Reddy C.K. (2013) \u201cBig data analytics for healthcare,\u201d In: Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining, pp. 1525\u20131525","DOI":"10.1145\/2487575.2506178"},{"key":"6219_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.03.009","volume":"65","author":"LR Nair","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nair LR, Shetty SD, Shetty SD (2018) Applying spark based machine learning model on streaming big data for health status prediction. Comput Electr Eng 65:393\u2013399","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"6219_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.3390\/app10041398","volume":"10","author":"S Alotaibi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alotaibi S, Mehmood R, Katib I, Rana O, Albeshri A (2020) Sehaa: a big data analytics tool for healthcare symptoms and diseases detection using twitter, apache spark, and machine learning. Appl Sci 10(4):1398","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"6219_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ed-Daoudy A, Maalmi K (2019) \u201cReal-time machine learning for early detection of heart disease using big data approach. In: 2019 International Conference on Wireless Technologies, Embedded and Intelligent Systems (WITS). IEEE, pp. 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/WITS.2019.8723839"},{"issue":"4","key":"6219_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5515-y","volume":"77","author":"G Manogaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Manogaran G, Varatharajan R, Priyan M (2018) Hybrid recommendation system for heart disease diagnosis based on multiple kernel learning with adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Multimed Tools Appl 77(4):4379\u20134399","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"6219_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.04.023","volume":"107","author":"P Melin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melin P, Miramontes I, Prado-Arechiga G (2018) A hybrid model based on modular neural networks and fuzzy systems for classification of blood pressure and hypertension risk diagnosis. Expert Syst Appl 107:146\u2013164","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"6219_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2019.07.043","volume":"147","author":"Z Al-Makhadmeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Makhadmeh Z, Tolba A (2019) Utilizing iot wearable medical device for heart disease prediction using higher order boltzmann model: a classification approach. Measurement 147:106815","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"4","key":"6219_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1109\/TMSCS.2017.2710194","volume":"3","author":"H Yin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yin H, Jha NK (2017) A health decision support system for disease diagnosis based on wearable medical sensors and machine learning ensembles. IEEE Trans Multi-Scale Comput Syst 3(4):228\u2013241","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Multi-Scale Comput Syst"},{"issue":"5","key":"6219_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-019-00733-3","volume":"12","author":"F Jabeen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jabeen F, Maqsood M, Ghazanfar MA, Aadil F, Khan S, Khan MF, Mehmood I (2019) An iot based efficient hybrid recommender system for cardiovascular disease. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 12(5):1263\u20131276","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl"},{"key":"6219_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.04.036","volume":"86","author":"PM Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar PM, Lokesh S, Varatharajan R, Babu GC, Parthasarathy P (2018) Cloud and iot based disease prediction and diagnosis system for healthcare using fuzzy neural classifier. Future Generat Comput Syst 86:527\u2013534","journal-title":"Future Generat Comput Syst"},{"key":"6219_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.09.001","volume":"65","author":"PM Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar PM, Gandhi UD (2018) A novel three-tier internet of things architecture with machine learning algorithm for early detection of heart diseases. Comput Electr Eng 65:222\u2013235","journal-title":"Comput Electr Eng"},{"key":"6219_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-020-00728-8","author":"M Hammad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hammad M, Alkinani MH, Gupta BB et al (2021) Myocardial infarction detection based on deep neural network on imbalanced data. Multimed Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-020-00728-8","journal-title":"Multimed Syst"},{"key":"6219_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05410-8","author":"A Sedik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sedik A, Hammad M, Abd El-Samie FE et al (2021) Efficient deep learning approach for augmented detection of Coronavirus disease. Neural Comput Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-020-05410-8","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"6219_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.07.026","volume":"130","author":"S AlZu\u2019bi","year":"2020","unstructured":"AlZu\u2019bi S, Shehab M, Al-Ayyoub M, Jararweh Y, Gupta B (2020) Parallel implementation for 3d medical volume fuzzy segmentation. Patt Recognit Lett 130:312\u2013318","journal-title":"Patt Recognit Lett"},{"key":"6219_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abd El-Latif A.A, Abd-El-Atty B, Hossain M.S, Rahman M.A, Alamri A, Gupta B.B. (2018) Efficient quantum information hiding for remote medical image sharing. IEEE Access 6: 21\u00a0075\u201321\u00a0083","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2820603"},{"issue":"7","key":"6219_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3030856","volume":"8","author":"L Zhen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhen L, Bashir AK, Yu K, Al-Otaibi YD, Foh CH, Xiao P (2021) Energy-efficient random access for leo satellite-assisted 6g internet of remote things. IEEE Int Things J 8(7):5114\u20135128","journal-title":"IEEE Int Things J"},{"key":"6219_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2021.103517","volume":"76","author":"L Tan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tan L, Xiao H, Yu K, Aloqaily M, Jararweh Y (2021) A blockchain-empowered crowdsourcing system for 5g-enabled smart cities. Comput Standards Interfaces 76:103517","journal-title":"Comput Standards Interfaces"},{"issue":"2","key":"6219_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2020.014220","volume":"66","author":"J Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yu K, Wen Z, Qi X, Paul AK (2021) 3d reconstruction for motion blurred images using deep learning-based intelligent systems. Comput Mater Continua 66(2):2087\u20132104","journal-title":"Comput Mater Continua"},{"key":"6219_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3042504","author":"K Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu K, Lin L, Alazab M, Tan L, Gu B (2020) Deep learning-based traffic safety solution for a mixture of autonomous and manual vehicles in a 5g-enabled intelligent transportation system. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2020.3042504","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"8","key":"6219_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5533","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3024631","volume":"17","author":"Y Gong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gong Y, Zhang L, Liu RP, Yu K, Srivastava G (2021) Nonlinear mimo for industrial internet of things in cyber-physical systems. IEEE Trans Ind Inf 17(8):5533\u20135541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2020.3024631","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Inf"},{"key":"6219_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2018.10.058","volume":"93","author":"L Greco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greco L, Ritrovato P, Xhafa F (2019) An edge-stream computing infrastructure for real-time analysis of wearable sensors data. Future Generat Comput Syst 93:515\u2013528","journal-title":"Future Generat Comput Syst"},{"key":"6219_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.1985.325532","volume":"3","author":"J Pan","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pan J, Tompkins WJ (1985) A real-time qrs detection algorithm. IEEE Trans biomed Eng 3:230\u2013236","journal-title":"IEEE Trans biomed Eng"},{"key":"6219_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953","volume":"16","author":"NV Chawla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chawla NV, Bowyer KW, Hall LO, Kegelmeyer WP (2002) Smote: synthetic minority over-sampling technique. J Artif Intell Res 16:321\u2013357","journal-title":"J Artif Intell Res"},{"key":"6219_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2021.3052109","author":"Z Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Z, Yu K, Jolfaei A, Bashir AK, Almagrabi AO, Kumar N (2021) A fuzzy detection system for rumors through explainable adaptive learning. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TFUZZ.2021.3052109","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"6219_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9549","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3003802","volume":"8","author":"Z Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo Z, Shen Y, Bashir AK, Imran M, Kumar N, Zhang D, Yu K (2021) Robust spammer detection using collaborative neural network in internet of thing applications. IEEE Int Things J 8(12):9549\u20139558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3003802","journal-title":"IEEE Int Things J"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06219-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06219-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06219-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T18:05:32Z","timestamp":1684951532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06219-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["6219"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-021-06219-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}