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Different from the work based on the premise that the pursuers\u2019 information is fully known, in this paper the evasion guidance for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (AHVs) against unknown pursuer dynamics is studied. The gradient descent is employed for parameter estimation of the unknown dynamics of the pursuer. The energy-optimized evasion guidance algorithm is further developed by taking the acceleration constraint and energy optimization into consideration. Under the proposed algorithm, the system can deal with the unknown pursuer dynamics effectively and provide more practical guidance for the evasion process. The simulation results show that the proposed method can enable the AHV to achieve successful evasion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06250-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]],"date-time":"2021-06-26T09:02:31Z","timestamp":1624698151000},"page":"5213-5224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evasion guidance for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles against unknown pursuer dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4975-6242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tian","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanli","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6250_CR1","first-page":"172","volume":"8","author":"YF Qiu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qiu YF, Li HX, Li XQ (2021) Research status and technical research trend of hypersonic missile. 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