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It can be diagnosed by detecting epileptiform discharges in their electroencephalogram (EEG), known as photoparoxysmal responses (PPR). The most accepted PPR detection method\u2014a manual method\u2014considered as the standard one, consists in submitting the subject to intermittent photic stimulation (IPS), i.e. a flashing light stimulation at increasing and decreasing flickering frequencies in a hospital room under controlled ambient conditions, while at the same time recording her\/his brain response by means of EEG signals. This research focuses on introducing virtual reality (VR) in this context, adding, to the conventional infrastructure a more flexible one that can be programmed and that will allow developing a much wider and richer set of experiments in order to detect neurological illnesses, and to study subjects\u2019 behaviours automatically. The loop includes the subject, the VR device, the EEG infrastructure and a computer to analyse and monitor the EEG signal and, in some cases, provide feedback to the VR. As will be shown, AI modelling will be needed in the automatic detection of PPR, but it would also be used in extending the functionality of this system with more advanced features. This system is currently in study with subjects at Burgos University Hospital, Spain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-06940-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]],"date-time":"2022-01-29T04:34:19Z","timestamp":1643430859000},"page":"5643-5659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Virtual reality and machine learning in the automatic photoparoxysmal response detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Moncada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Mart\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0937-1882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor M.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Garc\u00eda-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Isabel","family":"G\u00f3mez-Men\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 R.","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"6940_CR1","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez A, Trivi\u00f1o G, Cord\u00f3n O (2011) Body posture recognition by means of a genetic fuzzy finite state machine. 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