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The energy management of the MMGs is a strenuous and challenging task, especially with the integration of renewable energy resources (RERs) and variation in the loading due to the intermittency of these resources and the stochastic nature of the load demand. In this regard, the energy management of the MMGs is optimized with optimal inclusion of a hybrid system consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) and a wind turbine (WT)-based distributed generation (DGs) under uncertainties of the generated powers and the load variation. A modified Capuchin Search Algorithm (MCapSA) is presented and applied for the energy management of the MMGs. The MCapSA is based on enhancing the searching abilities of the standard Capuchin Search Algorithm (CapSA) using three improvement strategies including the quasi-oppositional-based learning (QOBL), the random movement-based Levy flight distribution, and the exploitation mechanism of the prairie dogs in the\u00a0prairie\u00a0dog\u00a0optimization (PDO). The optimized function is a multi-objective function that comprises of the cost and the voltage deviation reduction along with stability enhancement. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified on standard benchmark functions and the obtained results. Then, the proposed method is used for energy management of IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus MMGs at uncertainties conation. The\u00a0results depict that the energy management with inclusion of WTs and PVs using the proposed technique can reduce the cost and summation of the VD by 46.41% and 62.54%, and the VSI is enhanced by 15.1406% for the first MMG. Likewise, for the second MMG, the cost and summation of the VD are reduced by 44.19% and 39.70%, and the VSI is enhanced by 4.49%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-08623-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T14:03:40Z","timestamp":1684332220000},"page":"17645-17670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Optimal energy planning of multi-microgrids at stochastic nature of load demand and renewable energy resources using a modified Capuchin Search Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Ebeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deyaa","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salah","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8122-7415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Jurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa F.","family":"Shaaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelfatah","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Refai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"8623_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2016.1802","volume":"11","author":"E Koley","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koley E, Shukla SK, Ghosh S, Mohanta DK (2017) Protection scheme for power transmission lines based on SVM and ANN considering the presence of non-linear loads. 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