{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T03:04:41Z","timestamp":1775099081943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Sadat City"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput &amp; Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, the population density in cities has increased at a higher pace, so waste generation is on the rise in most societies due to population growth. Given this concern, it would be highly important to manage waste generation. Intelligent city planning is necessary to improve the quality of city life and make cities more livable. This paper presents an intelligent waste management system (IWMS) in smart cities based on Internet of Things components like sensors, detectors, and actuators. IWMS contains three main phases. The first phase of the system is to adapt the low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy approach as an optimization process to better balance the energy consumption of smart waste bins (SBs), thus leading to extending the life of the smart waste network. The second phase is handling the missing values which are retrieved from SBs using an improved version of the k-nearest neighbor algorithm based on artificial hummingbird optimization (AHA), while the third phase presents an optimal energy-efficient route process for the routing of waste trucks that improves fuel efficiency and reduces the time to get an appropriate SB. According to the experimental results, the proposed system has achieved energy savings of 34% for the smart waste bin network. Moreover, compared to other systems, it has a lower mean error rate when generating missing values, and the results related to convergence and running time validate its superiority compared with other metaheuristic algorithms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-023-08970-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T20:33:52Z","timestamp":1694291632000},"page":"23551-23579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["IoT-based intelligent waste management system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6187-6012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ehab","family":"Hassanien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aboul Ella","family":"Hassanien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"8970_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12785\/law\/160211","author":"ML Kamel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kamel ML (2019) The legal framework of smart sustainable cities construction: a study of some Arab law. J Law. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12785\/law\/160211","journal-title":"J Law"},{"key":"8970_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003278030-6","volume-title":"Deregulated electricity structures and smart grids","author":"AG Matani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Matani AG (2022) Internet of things (IoT) in renewable energy utilities towards enhanced energy optimization. Deregulated electricity structures and smart grids. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 113\u2013123"},{"key":"8970_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41746-8_8","volume-title":"Advances in the leading paradigms of urbanism and their amalgamation","author":"SE Bibri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bibri SE (2020) The IoT and big data analytics for smart sustainable cities: enabling technologies and practical applications. Advances in the leading paradigms of urbanism and their amalgamation. Springer, Cham, pp 191\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-41746-8_8"},{"key":"8970_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12330-7_10","volume-title":"Security and privacy trends in the industrial internet of things","author":"M Conti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Conti M, Kaliyar P, Lal C (2019) Secure machine to machine communication in industrial Internet of Things. In: Alcaraz C (ed) Security and privacy trends in the industrial internet of things. Springer, Cham, pp 199\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-12330-7_10"},{"issue":"9","key":"8970_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.3390\/app10093074","volume":"10","author":"S Sepasgozar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sepasgozar S et al (2020) A systematic content review of artificial intelligence and the internet of things applications in smart home. Appl Sci 10(9):3074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10093074","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"23","key":"8970_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6268","DOI":"10.3390\/en13236268","volume":"13","author":"AD Gupta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gupta AD et al (2020) Smart water technology for efficient water resource management: a review. Energies 13(23):6268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/en13236268","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"8970_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-021-08436-x","author":"L Haghnegahdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haghnegahdar L, Joshi SS, Dahotre NB (2022) From IoT-based cloud manufacturing approach to intelligent additive manufacturing: industrial internet of things: an overview. Int J Adv Manuf Technol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00170-021-08436-x","journal-title":"Int J Adv Manuf Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8970_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2009.11.026","volume":"11","author":"M Rocha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rocha M, Sousa P, Cortez P, Rio M (2011) Quality of service constrained routing optimization using evolutionary computation. Appl Soft Comput 11(1):356\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.asoc.2009.11.026","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"8970_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Justesen PD (2009) Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms. University of Aarhus, Department of Computer Science, Denmark 33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-85729-652-8_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-85729-652-8_1"},{"key":"8970_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1140\/epjs\/s11734-021-00206-w","volume":"230","author":"N Saini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saini N, Saha S (2021) Multi-objective optimization techniques: a survey of the state-of-the-art and applications. Eur Phys J Spec Top 230:2319\u20132335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1140\/epjs\/s11734-021-00206-w","journal-title":"Eur Phys J Spec Top"},{"issue":"6","key":"8970_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00158-003-0368-6","volume":"26","author":"RT Marler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marler RT, Arora JS (2004) Survey of multi-objective optimization methods for engineering. Struct Multidiscip Optim 26(6):369\u2013395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00158-003-0368-6","journal-title":"Struct Multidiscip Optim"},{"key":"8970_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shanthini E, Sangeetha V, Jagadeeswari M, Shivani B, Selvapriya P, Anindita K, Divya Shree D, Suryanarayanan RU (2022) IoT based smart city garbage bin for waste management. In: 2022 4th international conference on smart systems and inventive technology (ICSSIT), pp. 105\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSSIT53264.2022.9716343","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSIT53264.2022.9716343"},{"key":"8970_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anjum M, Sarosh Umar M, Shahab S (2022) Analysis of IoT and communication technologies to develop waste management service framework for smart city. In: Proceedings of second international conference on sustainable expert systems. Springer, Singapore. pp. 691\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-16-7657-4_56","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-7657-4_56"},{"key":"8970_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaudhari SS, Bhole VY (2018) Solid waste collection as a service using IoT-solution for smart cities. In: 2018 International conference on smart city and emerging technology (ICSCET), pp. 1\u20135. IEEE, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSCET.2018.8537326","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCET.2018.8537326"},{"issue":"3","key":"8970_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.3390\/smartcities4030053","volume":"4","author":"S Vishnu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vishnu S, Ramson SJ, Senith S, Anagnostopoulos T, Abu-Mahfouz AM, Fan X, Srinivasan S, Kirubaraj AA (2021) IoT-Enabled solid waste management in smart cities. Smart Cities 4(3):1004\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/smartcities4030053","journal-title":"Smart Cities"},{"key":"8970_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6613263","author":"A Bano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bano A, Ud Din I, Al-Huqail AA (2020) AIoT-based smart bin for real-time monitoring and management of solid waste. Sci Program. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6613263","journal-title":"Sci Program"},{"key":"8970_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"ChaudhariMS, Patil B, Raut V (2019) Iot based waste collection management system for smart cities: an overview. In: Proceedings of the 2019 3rd international conference on computing methodologies and communication (ICCMC). pp. 802\u2013805, IEEE, Erode, India, March 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCMC.2019.8819776","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCMC.2019.8819776"},{"key":"8970_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/6138637","author":"T Anh Khoa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anh Khoa T, Phuc CH, Lam PD et al (2020) Waste management system using iot-based machine learning in university. Wireless Commun Mobile Comput. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/6138637","journal-title":"Wireless Commun Mobile Comput"},{"key":"8970_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSCC51209.2021.9528293","author":"S Mahajan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mahajan S, Kokane A, Shewale A, Shinde M, Ingale S (2017) Smart waste management system using iot. Int J Adv Eng Res Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSCC51209.2021.9528293","journal-title":"Int J Adv Eng Res Sci"},{"key":"8970_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9931228","author":"S Gull","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gull S, Bajwa IS, Anwar W, Rashid R (2021) Smart eNose food waste management system. J Sensors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9931228","journal-title":"J Sensors"},{"key":"8970_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5942574","author":"R Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan R, Kumar S, Srivastava AK, Dhingra N, Gupta M, Bhati N, Kumari P (2021) Machine learning and IoT-based waste management model. Comput Intell Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5942574","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"8970_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3612809","author":"S Olapiriyakul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olapiriyakul S, Pannakkong W, Kachapanya W, Starita S (2019) Multi-objective optimization model for sustainable waste management network design. J Adv Transp. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/3612809","journal-title":"J Adv Transp"},{"key":"8970_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.06.295","volume":"234","author":"O Erdin\u00e7","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erdin\u00e7 O, Yetilmezsoy K, Ereno\u011flu AK, Erdin\u00e7 O (2019) Route optimization of an electric garbage truck fleet for sustainable environmental and energy management. J Clean Prod 234:1275\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.06.295","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"issue":"2","key":"8970_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2011.11.035","volume":"50","author":"S Fazlollahi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fazlollahi S, Mar\u00e9chal F (2013) Multi-objective, multi-period optimization of biomass conversion technologies using evolutionary algorithms and mixed integer linear programming (MILP). Appl Therm Eng 50(2):1504\u20131513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2011.11.035","journal-title":"Appl Therm Eng"},{"key":"8970_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2014.10.005","volume":"21","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Lewis A (2015) Novel performance metrics for robust multi-objective optimization algorithms. Swarm Evol Comput 21:1\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.swevo.2014.10.005","journal-title":"Swarm Evol Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"8970_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-1920-1","volume":"27","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirjalili S (2016) Dragonfly algorithm: a new meta-heuristic optimization technique for solving single-objective, discrete, and multi-objective problems. Neural Comput Appl 27(4):1053\u20131073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-015-1920-1","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"8970_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-009-0005-7","volume":"3","author":"CA Coello","year":"2009","unstructured":"Coello CA, Coello C (2009) Evolutionary multi-objective optimization: some current research trends and topics that remain to be explored. Front Comput Sci China 3(1):18\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11704-009-0005-7","journal-title":"Front Comput Sci China"},{"key":"8970_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2021.114194","volume":"388","author":"W Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao W, Wang L, Mirjalili S (2022) Artificial hummingbird algorithm: a new bio-inspired optimizer with its engineering applications. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 388:114194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cma.2021.114194","journal-title":"Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"8970_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3102-4","volume":"23","author":"S Arora","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arora S, Singh S (2019) Butterfly optimization algorithm: a novel approach for global optimization. Soft Comput 23(3):715\u2013734. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3102-4","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"8970_CR30","first-page":"768","volume":"21","author":"E Forgy","year":"1965","unstructured":"Forgy E (1965) Cluster analysis of multivariate data: efficiency vs. interpretability of classifications. Biometrics 21:768","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"8970_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNG.2010.12","volume":"10","author":"C Fu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fu C, Jiang Z, Wei WE, Wei A (2013) An energy balanced algorithm of LEACH protocol in WSN. Int J Comput Sci Issues 10(1):354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ITNG.2010.12","journal-title":"Int J Comput Sci Issues"},{"issue":"6","key":"8970_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7350","DOI":"10.3390\/s120607350","volume":"12","author":"S Naeimi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naeimi S et al (2012) A survey on the taxonomy of cluster-based routing protocols for homogeneous wireless sensor networks. Sensors 12(6):7350\u20137409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s120607350","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"8970_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.5120\/11211-6462","volume":"65","author":"G Renugadevi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Renugadevi G, Sumithra MG (2013) An analysis on LEACH-mobile protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks. Int J Comput Appl 65:21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5120\/11211-6462","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"8970_CR34","first-page":"407","volume":"6","author":"A Chong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chong A, Lam KP, Xu W, Karaguzel OT, Mo Y (2016) Imputation of missing values in building sensor data. Proc Simbuild 6:407\u2013414","journal-title":"Proc Simbuild"},{"issue":"4","key":"8970_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.13005\/ojcst\/10.04.11","volume":"10","author":"VB Kamble","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kamble VB, Deshmukh SN (2017) Comparison between accuracy and MSE, RMSE by using proposed method with imputation technique. Orient J Comput Sci Technol 10(4):773\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13005\/ojcst\/10.04.11","journal-title":"Orient J Comput Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"8970_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1525","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-7-1247-2014","volume":"7","author":"T Chai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chai T, Draxler RR (2014) Root mean square error (RMSE) or mean absolute error (MAE). Geosci Model Dev Discuss 7(1):1525\u20131534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-7-1247-2014","journal-title":"Geosci Model Dev Discuss"},{"key":"8970_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.05.015","volume":"184","author":"M Khoroshiltseva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khoroshiltseva M, Slanzi D, Poli I (2016) A Pareto-based multi-objective optimization algorithm to design energy-efficient shading devices. Appl Energy 184:1400\u20131410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.05.015","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"8970_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2011.12.004","volume":"391","author":"A Lipowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lipowski A, Lipowska D (2012) Roulette-wheel selection via stochastic acceptance. Phys A 391(6):2193\u20132196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physa.2011.12.004","journal-title":"Phys A"},{"issue":"3","key":"8970_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.07.112","volume":"38","author":"H Izakian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Izakian H, Abraham A (2011) Fuzzy C-means and fuzzy swarm for fuzzy clustering problem. Expert Syst Appl 38(3):1835\u20131838. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.07.112","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"8970_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gong W et al. (2009) Hybrid differential evolution based on fuzzy c-means clustering. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1569901.1569974","DOI":"10.1145\/1569901.1569974"},{"key":"8970_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8134674","volume-title":"Multiple criteria decision making","author":"P Serafini","year":"1994","unstructured":"Serafini P (1994) Simulated annealing for multi objective optimization problems. Multiple criteria decision making. Springer, New York, pp 283\u2013292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2019\/8134674"},{"key":"8970_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63754-9_2","volume-title":"Advances in soft computing and machine learning in image processing","author":"MAEl Aziz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aziz MAEl et al (2018) Multi-objective whale optimization algorithm for multilevel thresholding segmentation. In: Hassanien AE, Oliva DA (eds) Advances in soft computing and machine learning in image processing. Springer, Cham, pp 23\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-63754-9_2"},{"key":"8970_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.07.002","volume":"114","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Gandomi AH, Mirjalili SZ, Saremi S, Faris H, Mirjalili SM (2017) Salp swarm algorithm: a bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems. Adv Eng Softw 114:163\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.07.002","journal-title":"Adv Eng Softw"},{"key":"8970_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.10.039","volume":"47","author":"S Mirjalili","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mirjalili S, Saremi S, Mirjalili SM, Coelho LDS (2016) Multi-objective grey wolf optimizer: a novel algorithm for multicriterion optimization. Expert Syst Appl 47:106\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.10.039","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"8970_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-017-1074-1","author":"A Tharwat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tharwat A, Houssein EH, Ahmed MM, Hassanien AE, Gabel T (2017) Mogoa algorithm for constrained and unconstrained multi-objective optimization problems. Appl Intell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10489-017-1074-1","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"8970_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.5019\/j.ijcir.2006.68","volume":"2","author":"M Reyes-Sierra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reyes-Sierra M, Coello CC (2006) Multi-objective particle swarm optimizers: a survey of the state-of-the-art. Int J Comput Intell Res 2(3):287\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5019\/j.ijcir.2006.68","journal-title":"Int J Comput Intell Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"8970_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3652","DOI":"10.3923\/jas.2009.3652.3661","volume":"9","author":"JA Adeyemo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adeyemo JA, Otieno FAO (2009) Multi-objective differential evolution algorithm for solving engineering problems. J Appl Sci 9(20):3652\u20133661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3923\/jas.2009.3652.3661","journal-title":"J Appl Sci"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-023-08970-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-023-08970-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-023-08970-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T18:17:35Z","timestamp":1697566655000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-023-08970-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"32","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["8970"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-023-08970-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interest among the authors of this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The authors are consistent with the ethical requirements.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}