{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:27:19Z","timestamp":1776810439382,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-09845-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T15:02:10Z","timestamp":1715612530000},"page":"15103-15116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Enhancing Indian sign language recognition through data augmentation and visual transformer"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7745-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venus","family":"Singla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Bawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmeet","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"9845_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1515\/comp-2022-0240","volume":"12","author":"A Sultan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sultan A, Makram W, Kayed M, Ali AA (2022) Sign language identification and recognition: a comparative study. Open Comput Sci 12:191\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/comp-2022-0240","journal-title":"Open Comput Sci"},{"key":"9845_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kushalnagar R (2019) Deafness and hearing loss. A foundation for research, web accessibility, pp 35\u201347","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-7440-0_3"},{"key":"9845_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kumar R, Sinha A, Bajpai A, Singh S (2023) A comparative analysis of techniques and algorithms for recognising sign language. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13941, 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2305.13941","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2305.13941"},{"key":"9845_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07840-y","volume":"35","author":"S Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das S, Biswas SK, Purkayastha B (2023) A deep sign language recognition system for Indian sign language. Neural Comput Appl 35:1469\u20131481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-022-07840-y","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"9845_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.01.117","volume":"218","author":"J Bora","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bora J, Dehingia S, Boruah A, Chetia AA, Gogoi D (2023) Real-time assamese sign language recognition using mediapipe and deep learning. Proc Comput Sci 218:1384\u20131393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procs.2023.01.117","journal-title":"Proc Comput Sci"},{"key":"9845_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118914","volume":"213","author":"S Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das S, Imtiaz MS, Neom NH, Siddique N, Wang H (2023) A hybrid approach for Bangla sign language recognition using deep transfer learning model with random forest classifier. Exp Syst Appl 213:118914. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118914","journal-title":"Exp Syst Appl"},{"key":"9845_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16905","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-022-14084-4","volume":"82","author":"S Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das S, Biswas SK, Purkayastha B (2023) Automated Indian sign language recognition system by fusing deep and handcrafted feature. Multimed Tools Appl 82:16905\u201316927. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-022-14084-4","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"9845_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-16299-5","author":"V Singla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singla V, Bawa S, Singh J (2023) Improving accuracy using ml\/dl in vision based techniques of ISLR. Multimed Tools Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-16299-5","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"9845_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goyal K (2023) Indian sign language recognition using mediapipe holistic. arXiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2304.10256.","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2304.10256."},{"key":"9845_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5865","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01040-4","volume":"9","author":"R Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu R, Wen X, Yuan L, Xu H (2023) Spatiotemporal key region transformer for visual tracking. Complex Intell Syst 9:5865\u20135879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-023-01040-4","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"key":"9845_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imed.2022.07.002","volume":"3","author":"K He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He K, Gan C, Li Z, Rekik I, Yin Z, Ji W, Gao Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Shen D (2023) Transformers in medical image analysis. Intell Med 3:59\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.imed.2022.07.002","journal-title":"Intell Med"},{"key":"9845_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4730","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3231130","volume":"11","author":"DR Kothadiya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kothadiya DR, Bhatt CM, Saba T, Rehman A, Bahaj SA (2023) Signformer: deepvision transformer for sign language recognition. IEEE Access 11:4730\u20134739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3231130","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"9845_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9627","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-021-11595-4","volume":"82","author":"U Nandi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nandi U, Ghorai A, Singh MM, Changdar C, Bhakta S, Pal RK (2023) Indian sign language alphabet recognition system using CNN with diffgrad optimizer and stochastic pooling. Multimed Tools Appl 82:9627\u20139648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-021-11595-4","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"9845_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07840-y","volume":"35","author":"S Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das S, Biswas SK, Purkayastha B (2023) A deep sign language recognition system for Indian sign language. Neural Comput Appl 35:1469\u20131481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-022-07840-y","journal-title":"Neural Comput Appl"},{"key":"9845_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14646-0","volume":"82","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Nand P, Hossain MA, Nguyen M, Yan WQ (2023) Sign language recognition from digital videos using feature pyramid network with detection transformer. Multimed Tools Appl 82:21673\u201321685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-14646-0","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"key":"9845_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4645","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-00977-w","volume":"9","author":"Z Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui Z, Zhang W, Li Z, Wang Z (2023) Spatial-temporal transformer for end-to-end sign language recognition. Complex Intell Syst 9:4645\u20134656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40747-023-00977-w","journal-title":"Complex Intell Syst"},{"key":"9845_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5220\/0011709100003411","author":"R Hinrichs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hinrichs R, Sitcheu AJY, Ostermann J (2023) Continuous sign language recognition using transformers and augmented pose estimation. Sci Technol Publ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5220\/0011709100003411","journal-title":"Sci Technol Publ"},{"key":"9845_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/math11092129","volume":"11","author":"LT Woods","year":"2023","unstructured":"Woods LT, Rana ZA (2023) Modelling sign language with encoder-only transformers and human pose estimation keypoint data. Mathematics 11:1\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math11092129","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"9845_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Javaid S, Rizvi S (2023) A novel action transformer network for hybrid multimodal sign language recognition. Comput Mater Contin https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmc.2023.031924","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2023.031924"},{"key":"9845_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2023.3263808","volume":"30","author":"Z Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo Z, Hou Y, Hou C, Yin W (2023) Locality-aware transformer for video-based sign language translation. IEEE Signal Process Lett 30:364\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LSP.2023.3263808","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"9845_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3584984","volume":"23","author":"S Alyami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alyami S, Luqman H, Hammoudeh M (2024) Isolated arabic sign language recognition using a transformer-based model and landmark keypoints. ACM Trans Asian Low-Resour Lang Inf Process 23:1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3584984","journal-title":"ACM Trans Asian Low-Resour Lang Inf Process"},{"key":"9845_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.04.040","volume":"603","author":"H Guangquan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guangquan H, Liming X, Witold P, Dragan P, Genbao Z, Luis M (2022) Design alternative assessment and selection: a novel z-cloud rough number-based BWM-MABAC model. Inform Sci 603:149\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2022.04.040","journal-title":"Inform Sci"},{"key":"9845_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2022.06.061","volume":"608","author":"X Liming","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liming X, Guangquan H, Witold P, Dragan P, Luis M, Genbao Z (2022) A q-rung orthopair fuzzy decision-making model with new score function and best-worst method for manufacturer selection. Inform Sci 608:153\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ins.2022.06.061","journal-title":"Inform Sci"},{"key":"9845_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sridhar A, Ganesan R, Kumar P, Khapra M (2020) Include: a large scale dataset for Indian sign language recognition. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM international conference on multimedia, pp. 1366\u20131375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3394171.3413528","DOI":"10.1145\/3394171.3413528"},{"key":"9845_CR25","unstructured":"Automatic Generation of Sign Language from Hindi Text for communication and education of hearing impaired people. http:\/\/islfromtext.in\/index.php. Accessed 20 Feb 2023"},{"key":"9845_CR26","unstructured":"Indian technical sign language dictionary. https:\/\/indiansignlanguage.org\/. Accessed 20 Feb 2023"},{"key":"9845_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4108\/eai.13-7-2018.165279","volume":"7","author":"AS Dhanjal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhanjal AS, Singh W (2020) An automatic conversion of Punjabi text to Indian sign language. ICST Trans Scalable Inform Syst 7:1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4108\/eai.13-7-2018.165279","journal-title":"ICST Trans Scalable Inform Syst"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-024-09845-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-024-09845-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-024-09845-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T10:12:42Z","timestamp":1724148762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-024-09845-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["9845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-024-09845-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 December 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no Conflict of interest regarding the content of this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}