{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T12:30:39Z","timestamp":1764937839988,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["61772061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-10681-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T15:49:33Z","timestamp":1736437773000},"page":"6085-6096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["MIG-DARTS: towards effective differentiable architecture search by gradually mitigating the initial-channel gap between search and evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Debei","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-5727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songwei","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10681_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3447582","volume":"54","author":"P Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren P, Xiao Y, Chang X, Huang PY, Li Z, Chen X, Wang X (2021) A comprehensive survey of neural architecture search: Challenges and solutions. ACM Comput Surv 54(4):1\u201334","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"10681_CR2","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Xue, B., Zhang, M., Yen, G. G., & Tan, K. C. (2021). A survey on evolutionary neural architecture search. IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems."},{"key":"10681_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.110052","volume":"147","author":"M Poyser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Poyser M, Breckon TP (2024) Neural architecture search: A contemporary literature review for computer vision applications. Pattern Recogn 147:110052","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"10681_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105890","volume":"120","author":"JB Thomas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thomas JB, Shihabudheen KV (2023) Neural architecture search algorithm to optimize deep transformer model for fault detection in electrical power distribution systems. Eng Appl Artif Intell 120:105890","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"10681_CR5","unstructured":"Liu, H., Simonyan, K., & Yang, Y. (2019). DARTS: Differentiable architecture search. International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2019."},{"key":"10681_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoph, B., Vasudevan, V., Shlens, J., & Le, Q. V. (2018). Learning transferable architectures for scalable image recognition. In\u00a0Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition\u00a0,pp. 8697\u20138710.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00907"},{"key":"10681_CR7","unstructured":"Xie, S., Zheng, H., Liu, C., & Lin, L. (2019). SNAS: stochastic neural architecture search. In: 7th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2019"},{"key":"10681_CR8","unstructured":"Cai, H., Zhu, L., & Han, S. (2019). Proxylessnas: Direct neural architecture search on target task and hardware.\u00a0In: 7th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2019."},{"key":"10681_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Xie, L., Wu, J., & Tian, Q. (2019). Progressive differentiable architecture search: Bridging the depth gap between search and evaluation. In\u00a0Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF international conference on computer vision, pp. 1294\u20131303.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00138"},{"key":"10681_CR10","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Xie, L., Zhang, X., Chen, X., Qi, G. J., Tian, Q., & Xiong, H. (2020). Pc-darts: Partial channel connections for memory-efficient architecture search.\u00a0In: 8th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2020."},{"key":"10681_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, X., Zhou, T., Zhang, B., & Li, J. (2020). Fair darts: Eliminating unfair advantages in differentiable architecture search. In\u00a0European conference on computer vision, pp. 465\u2013480.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58555-6_28"},{"key":"10681_CR12","unstructured":"Chu, X., & Zhang, B. (2020). Noisy differentiable architecture search.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.03566. Noisy differentiable architecture search. In: 32nd British Machine Vision Conference 2021, BMVC 2021, Online, November 22\u201325, 2021, p. 217 (2021)"},{"key":"10681_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, G., Liu, Z., Van Der Maaten, L., & Weinberger, K. Q. (2017). Densely connected convolutional networks. In\u00a0Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition\u00a0, pp. 4700\u20134708.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.243"},{"key":"10681_CR14","unstructured":"Zoph, B., & Le, Q. V. (2016). Neural architecture search with reinforcement learning.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.01578. In: 5th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2017,"},{"key":"10681_CR15","unstructured":"Pham, H., Guan, M., Zoph, B., Le, Q., & Dean, J. (2018). Efficient neural architecture search via parameters sharing. In\u00a0International conference on machine learning\u00a0, pp. 4095\u20134104."},{"key":"10681_CR16","unstructured":"Real, E., et al. (2017). Large-scale evolution of image classifiers. In\u00a0International conference on machine learning\u00a0, pp. 2902\u20132911."},{"key":"10681_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Real, E., Aggarwal, A., Huang, Y., & Le, Q. V. (2019). Regularized evolution for image classifier architecture search. In\u00a0Proceedings of the aaai conference on artificial intelligence, pp. 4780\u20134789.","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33014780"},{"key":"10681_CR18","unstructured":"Bi, K., Xie, L., Chen, X., Wei, L., & Tian, Q. (2020). Gold-nas: Gradual, one-level, differentiable.\u00a0arXivpreprint arXiv:2007.03331."},{"key":"10681_CR19","unstructured":"Liu, H., Simonyan, K., Vinyals, O., Fernando, C., & Kavukcuoglu, K. (2017). Hierarchical representations for efficient architecture search.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:1711.00436. In: 6th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2018,"},{"key":"10681_CR20","unstructured":"Liang, H., Zhang, S., Sun, J., He, X., Huang, W., Zhuang, K., & Li, Z. (2019). Darts+: Improved differentiable architecture search with early stopping.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.06035."},{"key":"10681_CR21","unstructured":"Lu, Z., Pu, H., Wang, F., Hu, Z., & Wang, L. (2017). The expressive power of neural networks: A view from the width.\u00a0Advances in neural information processing systems,\u00a030. Annual Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems 2017"},{"key":"10681_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C., et al. (2018). Progressive neural architecture search. In\u00a0Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV), pp. 19\u201334.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01246-5_2"},{"key":"10681_CR23","unstructured":"Zela, A., Elsken, T., Saikia, T., Marrakchi, Y., Brox, T., & Hutter, F. (2019). Understanding and robustifying differentiable architecture search.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.09656. International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2020,"},{"key":"10681_CR24","unstructured":"Chen, X., & Hsieh, C. J. (2020). Stabilizing differentiable architecture search via perturbation-based regularization. In\u00a0International conference on machine learning\u00a0, pp. 1554\u20131565."},{"key":"10681_CR25","unstructured":"Chu, X., Wang, X., Zhang, B., Lu, S., Wei, X., & Yan, J. (2020). Darts-: robustly stepping out of performance collapse without indicators.\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.01027. In: 9th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2021"},{"key":"10681_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, P., Li, B., Li, Y., Chen, T., Fan, J., & Ouyang, W. (2022). \u03b2-DARTS: Beta-decay regularization for differentiable architecture search. In\u00a0Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition\u00a0,pp. 10874\u201310883.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01060"},{"issue":"3","key":"10681_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2022.04.005","volume":"9","author":"J Mun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mun J, Ha S, Lee J (2023) DE-DARTS: Neural architecture search with dynamic exploration. ICT Express 9(3):379\u2013384","journal-title":"ICT Express"},{"issue":"7","key":"10681_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2020.2969193","volume":"43","author":"Z Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong Z, Yang Z, Deng B, Yan J, Wu W, Shao J, Liu CL (2020) Blockqnn: Efficient block-wise neural network architecture generation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 43(7):2314\u20132328","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10681_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6804","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3184700","volume":"19","author":"Y Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xue Y, Qin J (2023) Partial connection based on channel attention for differentiable neural architecture search. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 19(5):6804\u20136813","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"key":"10681_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-020-01396-x","volume":"129","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen X, Xie L, Wu J, Tian Q (2021) Progressive darts: Bridging the optimization gap for nas in the wild. Int J Comput Vision 129:638\u2013655","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vision"},{"key":"10681_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2023.10.019","volume":"176","author":"A Heuillet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Heuillet A, Tabia H, Arioui H, Youcef-Toumi K (2023) D-DARTS: Distributed differentiable architecture search. Pattern Recogn Lett 176:42\u201348","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"10681_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2022.109193","volume":"136","author":"W Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang W, Zhang X, Cui H, Yin H, Zhang Y (2023) FP-DARTS: Fast parallel differentiable neural architecture search for image classification. Pattern Recogn 136:109193","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"10681_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, Y., Chen, C., & S\u0142owik, A. (2023). Neural Architecture Search Based on A Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm with Probability Stack.\u00a0IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2023.3252612"},{"key":"10681_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X., Wang, Z., Feng, L., Liu, S., Wong, K. C., & Tan, K. C. (2023). Towards Evolutionary Multi-Task Convolutional Neural Architecture Search.\u00a0IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation.","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2023.3348475"},{"key":"10681_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2023.110624","volume":"146","author":"Z Cai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cai Z, Chen L, Zeng S, Lai Y, Liu HL (2023) EST-NAS: An evolutionary strategy with gradient descent for neural architecture search. Appl Soft Comput 146:110624","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"10681_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, Y., Lu, C., Neri, F., & Qin, J. (2023). Improved differentiable architecture search with multi-stage progressive partial channel connections.\u00a0IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence.","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2023.3301395"},{"key":"10681_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Odema, M., & Al Faruque, M. A. (2023). PrivyNAS: Privacy-Aware Neural Architecture Search for Split Computing in Edge-Cloud Systems.\u00a0IEEE Internet of Things Journal.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3311761"},{"issue":"1","key":"10681_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3934\/mine.2023012","volume":"5","author":"G Franchini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Franchini G, Ruggiero V, Porta F, Zanni L (2023) Neural architecture search via standard machine learning methodologies. Math Eng 5(1):1\u201321","journal-title":"Math Eng"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10681-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10681-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10681-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T13:58:18Z","timestamp":1741269498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10681-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10681"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10681-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0941-0643"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-3058"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}