{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1740108076802,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009392","name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSAU\/2024\/R\/1445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-024-10857-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T21:38:11Z","timestamp":1734903491000},"page":"4455-4470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Author profiling from Romanized Urdu text using transfer learning models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Abid","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad Sohail","family":"khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Muhammad Amin","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9300-1488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sajid Ullah","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Faheem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10857_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189823","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3031393","volume":"8","author":"M Shahroz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahroz M, Mushtaq MF, Mehmood A, Ullah S, Choi GS (2020) RUTUT: Roman Urdu to Urdu translator based on character substitution rules and Unicode mapping. *IEEE Access* 8:189823\u2013189841","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10857_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bilal A, Rextin A, Kakakhel A, and Nasim M (2017) Roman-txt: forms and functions of Roman Urdu texting. In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services. MobileHCI https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3098279.3098552","DOI":"10.1145\/3098279.3098552"},{"key":"10857_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74997","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3295238","volume":"11","author":"MA Khan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Khan MA, Khan MS, Khan I, Ahmad S, Huda S (2023) Non functional requirements identification and classification using transfer learning model. IEEE Access 11:74997\u201375005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3295238","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10857_CR4","unstructured":"Reddy TR and Reddy GR (2016) A document weighted approach for gender and age prediction through author profiling, in 2016 IEEE\/WIC\/ACM international conference on web intelligence (WI), pp. 221\u2013226"},{"key":"10857_CR5","unstructured":"Gaur D, Ayyar M, Singh AK, and Shah RR (2018) Multilingual author profiling from SMS, in *FIRE (working notes)*, pp. 265\u2013276"},{"key":"10857_CR6","unstructured":"Sittar A and Ameer I (2018) Multi-lingual author profiling using stylistic features, in *FIRE (working notes)*, pp. 240\u2013246"},{"key":"10857_CR7","unstructured":"Ashraf MA, Hafeez A, Iqbal A, and Hafeez O (2021) Age and gender profiling in bi-lingual tweets. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference on frontiers of information technology (FIT), pp. 1\u20136"},{"key":"10857_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sotelo AF, G\u00f3mez-Adorno H, Esquivel-Flores O, and Bel-Enguix G (2020) Gender identification in social media using transfer learning, in *Mexican Conference on Pattern Recognition*, pp. 293\u2013303, Cham: Springer International Publishing","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-49076-8_28"},{"issue":"7","key":"10857_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5985","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.5985","volume":"34","author":"S Mechti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mechti S, Krichen M, Ben Noureddine D, Belguith LH (2022) A decision system for computational authors profiling: from machine learning to deep learning. *Concurr Comput: Pract Exp* 34(7):e5985","journal-title":"Concurr Comput: Pract Exp"},{"key":"10857_CR10","unstructured":"Suman C, Babu PDR, and Rani BP (2020) Gender prediction in Twitter data using text and image information. In 2020 10th international conference on cloud computing, data science & engineering (Confluence), pp. 310\u2013315"},{"issue":"52","key":"10857_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.22430\/22565337.2166","volume":"24","author":"D Escobar-Grisales","year":"2021","unstructured":"Escobar-Grisales D, V\u00e1squez-Correa JC, Orozco-Arroyave JR (2021) Author profiling in informal and formal language scenarios via transfer learning. *TecnoL\u00f3gicas* 24(52):212\u2013225","journal-title":"TecnoL\u00f3gicas"},{"key":"10857_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzahrani E and Jololian L (2021) How different text-preprocessing techniques using the BERT model affect the gender profiling of authors, *arXiv preprint*, arXiv:2109.13890","DOI":"10.5121\/csit.2021.111501"},{"key":"10857_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kavuri K and Kavitha M (2022) A term weight measure based approach for author profiling. In *2022 international conference on electronic systems and intelligent computing (ICESIC)*, pp. 275\u2013280","DOI":"10.1109\/ICESIC53714.2022.9783526"},{"key":"10857_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alzahrani E, Al Qurashi M, and Jololian L (2022) Comparative analysis of the use of pre-trained models to profile authors\u2019 ages and genders. In *2022 2nd international conference on computing and machine intelligence (ICMI)*, pp. 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMI55296.2022.9873677"},{"key":"10857_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rathod S (2022) Exploring author profiling for fake news detection. In *2022 IEEE 46th annual computers, software, and applications conference (COMPSAC)*, pp. 1614\u20131619","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC54236.2022.00256"},{"issue":"20","key":"10857_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10344","DOI":"10.3390\/app122010344","volume":"12","author":"D Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li D, Ahmed K, Zheng Z, Mohsan SAH, Alsharif MH, Hadjouni M, Jamjoom MM, Mostafa SM (2022) Roman Urdu sentiment analysis using transfer learning. *Appl Sci* 12(20):10344","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10857_CR17","first-page":"1263","volume":"131","author":"B Chandio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chandio B, Shaikh A, Bakhtyar M, Alrizq M, Baber J, Sulaiman A, Rajab A, Noor W (2022) Sentiment analysis of Roman Urdu on e-commerce reviews using machine learning. *CMES-Comput Model Eng Sci* 131(3):1263\u20131287","journal-title":"CMES-Comput Model Eng Sci"},{"key":"10857_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22214\/ijraset.2023.51765","author":"TR Reddy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Reddy TR, Madhubala B, Varshini G, Fayaz SK (2023) A deep learning approach for author profiling using word embeddings. *Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol* https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22214\/ijraset.2023.51765","journal-title":"Int J Res Appl Sci Eng Technol"},{"key":"10857_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.17762\/ijritcc.v11i7s.6996","volume":"11","author":"K Kavuri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kavuri K, Kavitha M (2023) A word embeddings based approach for author profiling: gender and age prediction. *Int J Recent Innov Trends Comput Commun* 11:239\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17762\/ijritcc.v11i7s.6996","journal-title":"Int J Recent Innov Trends Comput Commun"},{"issue":"8","key":"10857_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.3390\/s23083909","volume":"23","author":"M Bilal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bilal M, Khan A, Jan S, Musa S, Ali S (2023) Roman Urdu hate speech detection using transformer-based model for cyber security applications. *Sensors* 23(8):3909","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10857_CR21","first-page":"8660","volume":"1","author":"Y Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu Y, Ding J, Dou Z, Chang H (2022) 2022 Short-text classification detector: a BERT-based mental approach. *Comput Intell Neurosci* 1:8660","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10857_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"033127","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.5.033127","volume":"5","author":"ZM Zhai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhai ZM, Kong LW, Lai YC (2023) Emergence of a resonance in machine learning. *Phys Rev Res* 5(3):033127","journal-title":"Phys Rev Res"},{"key":"10857_CR23","unstructured":"Ali A (2023) RomanizedUrdu_Dataset,\"Kaggle, Available:https:\/\/kaggle.com\/datasets\/3765ff98c4ccda4c20a411aaf282aba185d4aba3ad3d5537b32509b5519006cb"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10857-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10857-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10857-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,8]],"date-time":"2025-02-08T19:33:09Z","timestamp":1739043189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10857-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-024-10857-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0941-0643"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-3058"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There is no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}