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In this context, ESSs are essential for enhancing the overall grid resilience, balancing supply, and mitigating voltage and frequency variations. This paper presents a novel neuroevolutionary method, coupling a modified version of the Multi-Objective Evolutionary Policy Search (MEPS) algorithm with the Cross-Entropy method, aimed at optimizing an ESS control problem. The modified MEPS, named Cascade-MEPS, employs a cascade weights mutation operator to refine policies by focusing on the most recent hidden node, ensuring localized and non-disruptive adjustments. The resulting algorithm, referred to as cross-entropy Cascade-MEPS (CE-CMEPS), utilizes the cross-entropy method as a depth initialization strategy, conducting an initial exploration of the weights space to initialize the population prior to Cascade-MEPS execution. Experimental validation on a newly proposed multi-objective ESS control problem demonstrates the efficacy of CE-CMEPS, showcasing performance improvements and reduced variation compared to standalone MEPS. Our results show that CE-CMEPS is an effective ESS discharge controller and a sustainable multi-objective reinforcement learning solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-025-11785-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T05:50:14Z","timestamp":1770961814000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A cross-entropy based direct policy search algorithm for multi-objective energy storage control"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Gabriel Matos Cardoso","family":"Leite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7595-8227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina Gil","family":"Marcelino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth Fialho","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sancho","family":"Salcedo-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlos Eduardo","family":"Pedreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"11785_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1021\/es204108n","volume":"46","author":"M Caduff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caduff M, Huijbregts MA, Althaus H-J, Koehler A, Hellweg S (2012) Wind power electricity: the bigger the turbine, the greener the electricity? 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