{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:25:14Z","timestamp":1786980314531,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Comput & Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-026-12236-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:04:24Z","timestamp":1782446664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An EfficientNet-embedded multi-branch fusion convolutional neural network for robust lung cancer classification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1141-4492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu","family":"Hanzala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MD Refat","family":"Sarder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Sadekur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Ohidujjaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"12236_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa040938","volume":"350","author":"TJ Lynch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Harris PL, Haserlat SM, Supko JG, Haluska FG, Louis DN, Christiani DC, Settleman J, Haber DA (2004) Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non\u2013small-cell lung cancer to Gefitinib. N Engl J Med 350(21):2129\u20132139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmoa040938","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"12236_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2021.01.024","volume":"154","author":"E Pallari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pallari E, Eriksson M, Billhult A, Billhult T, Aggarwal A, Lewison G, Sullivan R (2021) Lung cancer research and its citation on clinical practice guidelines. Lung Cancer 154:44\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2021.01.024","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"12236_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep46479","volume":"7","author":"F Ciompi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ciompi F, Chung K, van Riel SJ, Setio AAA, Gerke PK, Jacobs C, Scholten ET, Schaefer-Prokop C, Wille MMW, Marchian\u00f2 A, Pastorino U, Prokop M, van Ginneken B (2017) Towards automatic pulmonary nodule management in lung cancer screening with deep learning. Sci Rep 7(1):srep46479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep46479","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"12236_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1109\/tmi.2016.2528162","volume":"35","author":"H-C Shin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shin H-C, Roth HR, Gao M, Lu L, Xu Z, Nogues I, Yao J, Mollura D, Summers RM (2016) Deep convolutional neural networks for computer-aided detection: CNN architectures, dataset characteristics and transfer learning. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 35(5):1285\u20131298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/tmi.2016.2528162","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"12236_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0447-x","volume":"25","author":"D Ardila","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ardila D, Kiraly AP, Bharadwaj S, Choi B, Reicher JJ, Peng L, Tse D, Etemadi M, Ye W, Corrado G, Naidich DP, Shetty S (2019) End-to-end lung cancer screening with three-dimensional deep learning on low-dose chest computed tomography. Nat Med 25(6):954\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0447-x","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"12236_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45014-9_1","volume":"1857","author":"TG Dietterich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dietterich TG (2000) Ensemble methods in machine learning. Multiple Classifier Systems 1857:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-45014-9_1","journal-title":"Multiple Classifier Systems"},{"key":"12236_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003587774","volume-title":"Ensemble methods","author":"Z-H Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou Z-H (2025) Ensemble methods. CRC Press"},{"key":"12236_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.05.029","volume":"61","author":"W Shen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shen W, Zhou M, Yang F, Yu D, Dong D, Yang C, Zang Y, Tian J (2017) Multi-crop convolutional neural networks for lung nodule malignancy suspiciousness classification. Pattern Recogn 61:663\u2013673. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.05.029","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"12236_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.1702.05464","author":"E Tzeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tzeng E, Hoffman J, Saenko K, Darrell T (2017) Adversarial discriminative domain adaptation. ArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.1702.05464. ((Cornell University))","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"issue":"1","key":"12236_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-016-0043-6","volume":"3","author":"K Weiss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiss K, Khoshgoftaar TM, Wang D (2016) A survey of transfer learning. J Big Data 3(1):s40537-016-0043-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40537-016-0043-6","journal-title":"J Big Data"},{"key":"12236_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rokach L, Maimon O (2009) Data Mining using Decomposition Methods. Springer EBooks, 981\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-0-387-09823-4_51","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09823-4_51"},{"issue":"10","key":"12236_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1109\/34.58871","volume":"12","author":"LK Hansen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hansen LK, Salamon P (1990) Neural network ensembles. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 12(10):993\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/34.58871","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"12236_CR13","volume-title":"Interpretable machine learning : a guide for making black box models interpretable","author":"C Molnar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Molnar C (2019) Interpretable machine learning\u202f: a guide for making black box models interpretable. Lulu"},{"issue":"6","key":"12236_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10061058","volume":"10","author":"M Humayun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Humayun M, Sujatha R, Almuayqil SN, Jhanjhi NZ (2022) A transfer learning approach with a convolutional neural network for the classification of lung carcinoma. Healthcare Basel 10(6):1058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10061058","journal-title":"Healthcare Basel"},{"key":"12236_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.883516","author":"G Ren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ren G, Li B, Lam S, Xiao H, Huang Y-H, Cheung AL, Lu Y, Mao R, Ge H, Kong F-MS, Ho W, Cai J (2022) A transfer learning framework for deep learning-based CT-to-perfusion mapping on lung cancer patients. Front Oncol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.883516","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"12236_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-16864-y","author":"S Mammeri","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mammeri S, Amroune M, Haouam M-Y, Bendib I, Silva AC (2023) Early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer using YOLO v7, and transfer learning. Multimed Tools Appl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-023-16864-y","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"12236_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-022-01167-0","volume":"3","author":"T Saikia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saikia T, Kumar R, Kumar D, Singh KK (2022) An automatic lung nodule classification system based on hybrid transfer learning approach. SN Comput Sci 3(4):s42979-022-01167-0. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42979-022-01167-0","journal-title":"SN Comput Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"12236_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10080981","volume":"10","author":"Z Riaz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Riaz Z, Khan B, Abdullah S, Khan S, Islam MS (2023) Lung tumor image segmentation from computer tomography images using MobileNetV2 and transfer learning. Bioengineering 10(8):981\u2013981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10080981","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"12236_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25657","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2022.3150924","volume":"10","author":"S Mehmood","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehmood S, Ghazal TM, Khan MA, Zubair M, Naseem MT, Faiz T, Ahmad M (2022) Malignancy detection in lung and colon histopathology images using transfer learning with class selective image processing. IEEE Access 10:25657\u201325668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2022.3150924","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"14","key":"12236_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-08498-x","volume":"27","author":"S Nigudgi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nigudgi S, Bhyri C (2023) Retracted article: lung cancer CT image classification using hybrid-SVM transfer learning approach. Soft Comput 27(14):9845\u20139859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-023-08498-x","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"12236_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2020.03.013","volume":"34","author":"IW Harsono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Harsono IW, Liawatimena S, Cenggoro TW (2022) Lung nodule detection and classification from thorax CT-scan using RetinaNet with transfer learning. J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci 34(3):567\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jksuci.2020.03.013","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ Comput Inf Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"12236_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1109\/jbhi.2022.3171851","volume":"26","author":"H Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong H, Wu R, Li Y, Peng C (2022) Self-supervised transfer learning based on domain adaptation for benign-malignant lung nodule classification on thoracic CT. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 26(8):3860\u20133871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jbhi.2022.3171851","journal-title":"IEEE J Biomed Health Inform"},{"key":"12236_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sukhavasi V, Kulkarni S, Raghavendran V, Dastagiraiah C, Apat SK, Shaker C. (2024). Malignancy Detection in Lung and Colon Histopathology Images by Transfer Learning with Class Selective Image Processing. Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications, 18 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/0126662558335817241014113154.","DOI":"10.2174\/0126662558335817241014113154"},{"issue":"5","key":"12236_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/ryai.210315","volume":"4","author":"X Mei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mei X, Liu Z, Robson PM, Marinelli B, Huang M, Doshi A, Jacobi A, Cao C, Link KE, Yang T, Wang Y, Greenspan H, Deyer T, Fayad ZA, Yang Y (2022) RadImageNet: an open radiologic deep learning research dataset for effective transfer learning. Radiol Artif Intell 4(5):ryai.210315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/ryai.210315","journal-title":"Radiol Artif Intell"},{"issue":"7957","key":"12236_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05783-5","volume":"616","author":"AM Frankell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frankell AM, Dietzen M, Al Bakir M, Lim EL, Karasaki T, Ward S, Veeriah S, Colliver E, Huebner A, Bunkum A, Hill MS, Grigoriadis K, Moore DA, Black JRM, Liu WK, Thol K, Pich O, Watkins TBK, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Cook DE (2023) The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx. Nature 616(7957):525\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-05783-5","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"12236_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106902","volume":"126","author":"R Raza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raza R, Zulfiqar F, Khan MO, Arif M, Alvi A, Iftikhar MA, Alam T (2023) Lung-EffNet: lung cancer classification using EfficientNet from CT-scan images. Eng Appl Artif Intell 126:106902\u2013106902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106902","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"key":"12236_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arxiv.1912.12142","author":"AA Borkowski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Borkowski AA, Bui MM, Thomas LB, Wilson CP, DeLand LA, Mastorides SM (2019) Lung and colon cancer histopathological image dataset (LC25000). ArXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arxiv.1912.12142. ((Cornell University))","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"key":"12236_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Buty M, Xu Z, Gao M, Bagci U, Wu A, Mollura DJ (2016) Characterization of Lung Nodule Malignancy Using Hybrid Shape and Appearance Features. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-46720-7_77.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46720-7_77"},{"issue":"11","key":"12236_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16112138","volume":"16","author":"H Ashayeri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashayeri H, Sobhi N, P\u0142awiak P, Pedrammehr S, Alizadehsani R, Jafarizadeh A (2024) Transfer Learning in Cancer Genetics, Mutation Detection, Gene Expression Analysis, and Syndrome Recognition. Cancers 16(11):2138\u20132138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16112138","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"12","key":"12236_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13121703","volume":"13","author":"L Chato","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chato L, Regentova E (2023) Survey of Transfer Learning Approaches in the Machine Learning of Digital Health Sensing Data. Journal of Personalized Medicine 13(12):1703\u20131703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jpm13121703","journal-title":"Journal of Personalized Medicine"},{"issue":"21","key":"12236_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7837","DOI":"10.3390\/app10217837","volume":"10","author":"F Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva F, Pereira T, Frade J, Mendes J, Freitas C, Hespanhol V, Costa JL, Cunha A, Oliveira HP (2020) Pre-Training Autoencoder for Lung Nodule Malignancy Assessment Using CT Images. Appl Sci 10(21):7837\u20137837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/app10217837","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"12236_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11981","volume":"8","author":"B Qiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qiao B, Jumai K, Ainiwaer J, Niyaz M, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Zhang L, Luh W, Sheyhidin I (2022) A novel transfer-learning based physician-level general and subtype classifier for non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 8(12):e11981\u2013e11981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2022.e11981","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"8","key":"12236_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/ijacsa.2017.080853","volume":"8","author":"W Alakwaa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alakwaa W, Nassef M, Badr A (2017) Lung cancer detection and classification with 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN). Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 8(8):080853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14569\/ijacsa.2017.080853","journal-title":"Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl"},{"issue":"7","key":"12236_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5930","DOI":"10.3390\/su15075930","volume":"15","author":"AW Salehi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salehi AW, Khan S, Gupta G, Alabduallah BI, Almjally A, Alsolai H, Siddiqui T, Mellit A (2023) A Study of CNN and Transfer Learning in Medical Imaging: Advantages, Challenges. Future Scope Sustainability 15(7):5930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/su15075930","journal-title":"Future Scope Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"12236_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005","volume":"42","author":"G Litjens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Litjens G, Kooi T, Bejnordi BE, Setio AAA, Ciompi F, Ghafoorian M, van der Laak JAWM, van Ginneken B, S\u00e1nchez CI (2017) A Survey on Deep Learning in Medical Image Analysis. Med Image Anal 42(1):60\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2017.07.005","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"issue":"12","key":"12236_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11121808","volume":"11","author":"P Mahajan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahajan P, Uddin S, Hajati F, Moni MA (2023) Ensemble learning for disease prediction: A review. Healthcare 11(12):1808\u20131808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare11121808","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"12236_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patra R (2020) Prediction of Lung Cancer Using Machine Learning Classifier. Communications in Computer and Information Science, 132\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-15-6648-6_11.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-6648-6_11"},{"key":"12236_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/70080","author":"H Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang H, Li M, Zhou H, Xiao Y, Fang Q, Zhou S, Zhang R (2024) One LLM is not enough: Harnessing the power of ensemble learning for medical question answering (Preprint). J Med Internet Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/70080","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"12236_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0313386","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0313386","volume":"19","author":"A Rahaman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rahaman A, AlBalawi E, Nagaraj R (2024) Ensemble learning driven Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks-based Lung Cancer classification. PLoS ONE 19(12):e0313386\u2013e0313386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0313386","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"12236_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8314740","volume":"2017","author":"Q Song","year":"2017","unstructured":"Song Q, Zhao L, Luo X, Dou X (2017) Using deep learning for classification of lung nodules on computed tomography images. J Healthc Eng 2017:1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2017\/8314740","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"12236_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/s0933-3657(01)00077-x","volume":"23","author":"I Kononenko","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kononenko I (2001) Machine learning for medical diagnosis: history, state of the art and perspective. Artif Intell Med 23(1):89\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0933-3657(01)00077-x","journal-title":"Artif Intell Med"}],"container-title":["Neural Computing and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-026-12236-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00521-026-12236-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00521-026-12236-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T03:38:04Z","timestamp":1784518684000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00521-026-12236-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["12236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00521-026-12236-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0941-0643","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-3058","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"547"}}