{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:44:44Z","timestamp":1783439084581,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Ceramic Industry Major Industry-university-research Collaboration and Achievement Transformation Project in Jingdezhen, China","award":["2023ZDGC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDGC003"]}]},{"name":"the Ceramic Industry Major Industry-university-research Collaboration and Achievement Transformation Project in Jingdezhen, China","award":["2023ZDGC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDGC003"]}]},{"name":"the Ceramic Industry Major Industry-university-research Collaboration and Achievement Transformation Project in Jingdezhen, China","award":["2023ZDGC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDGC003"]}]},{"name":"the Ceramic Industry Major Industry-university-research Collaboration and Achievement Transformation Project in Jingdezhen, China","award":["2023ZDGC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDGC003"]}]},{"name":"the Ceramic Industry Major Industry-university-research Collaboration and Achievement Transformation Project in Jingdezhen, China","award":["2023ZDGC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDGC003"]}]},{"name":"the Ceramic Industry Major Industry-university-research Collaboration and Achievement Transformation Project in Jingdezhen, China","award":["2023ZDGC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023ZDGC003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimedia Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-024-01640-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T03:48:06Z","timestamp":1736567286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A robust image watermarking framework based on U2-net encoder and loss function weight assignment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kangkang","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixiang","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1640_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, X., Das, A., Alrasheedi, F., Tanvir, A.: A brief yet in-depth survey of deep learning-based image watermarking. arXiv:2308.04603 (2023)","DOI":"10.3390\/app132111852"},{"key":"1640_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3226904","volume":"18","author":"Qingxiao Guan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guan, Qingxiao, Liu, Peng, Zhang, Weiming, Lu, Wei, Zhang, Xinpeng: Double-layered dual-syndrome trellis codes utilizing channel knowledge for robust steganography. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 18, 501\u2013516 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"issue":"12","key":"1640_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2838334","volume":"20","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Peng, F., Long, M.: Robust coverless image steganography based on dct and lda topic classification. IEEE Trans. Multim. 20(12), 3223\u20133238 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multim."},{"issue":"8","key":"1640_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2018.2794985","volume":"20","author":"Z Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Li, L., Peng, H., Liu, Y., Yang, Y.: A novel digital watermarking based on general non-negative matrix factorization. IEEE Trans. Multim. 20(8), 1973\u20131986 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multim."},{"issue":"10","key":"1640_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2019.2907475","volume":"21","author":"Y Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Niu, B., Guan, H., Zhang, S.: Enhancing image watermarking with adaptive embedding parameter and psnr guarantee. IEEE Trans. Multim. 21(10), 2447\u20132460 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multim."},{"issue":"3","key":"1640_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2021.3055520","volume":"6","author":"W Ding","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ding, W., Ming, Y., Cao, Z., Lin, C.-T.: A generalized deep neural network approach for digital watermarking analysis. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell. 6(3), 613\u2013627 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell."},{"issue":"8","key":"1640_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3921","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2017.2706502","volume":"26","author":"C-S Chang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chang, C.-S., Shen, J.-J.: Features classification forest: a novel development that is adaptable to robust blind watermarking techniques. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 26(8), 3921\u20133935 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1640_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang, H., Jia, Z., Ma, Z., Chang, E.-C., Zhang, W.: Pimog: An effective screen-shooting noise-layer simulation for deep-learning-based watermarking network. In: Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 2267\u20132275 (2022)","DOI":"10.1145\/3503161.3548049"},{"issue":"6","key":"1640_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2878541","volume":"14","author":"H Fang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fang, H., Zhang, W., Zhou, H., Cui, H., Yu, N.: Screen-shooting resilient watermarking. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 14(6), 1403\u20131418 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"1640_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16063","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3895-z","volume":"76","author":"A Pramila","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pramila, A., Keskinarkaus, A., Takala, V., Sepp\u00e4nen, T.: Extracting watermarks from printouts captured with wide angles using computational photography. Multim. Tools Appl. 76, 16063\u201316084 (2017)","journal-title":"Multim. Tools Appl."},{"issue":"11","key":"1640_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7460","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3188524","volume":"32","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, C., Hao, Q., Xu, S., Ma, B., Xia, Z., Li, Q., Li, J., Shi, Y.-Q.: Rd-iwan: residual dense based imperceptible watermark attack network. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 32(11), 7460\u20137472 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1640_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W., Li, Y., Niu, Z., Xu, Y., Keskinarkaus, A., Sepp\u00e4nen, T., Sun, X.: Real-time and screen-cam robust screen watermarking. Knowl. Based Syst. 112380 (2024)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112380"},{"key":"1640_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Fang, Y., Zhao, Y., Peng, Y., Wang, J., Ni, J.: Lite localization network and due-based watermarking for color image copyright protection. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2024.3395304"},{"key":"1640_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3226904","volume":"18","author":"Q Guan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guan, Q., Liu, P., Zhang, W., Lu, W., Zhang, X.: Double-layered dual-syndrome trellis codes utilizing channel knowledge for robust steganography. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 18, 501\u2013516 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"1640_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gugelmann, D., Sommer, D., Lenders, V., Happe, M., Vanbever, L.: Screen watermarking for data theft investigation and attribution. In: 2018 10th International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon), pp. 391\u2013408. IEEE (2018)","DOI":"10.23919\/CYCON.2018.8405027"},{"key":"1640_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlastec.2024.110726","volume":"174","author":"Q Su","year":"2024","unstructured":"Su, Q., Sun, Y., Xia, Y., Wang, Z.: A robust color image watermarking scheme in the fusion domain based on lu factorization. Opt. Laser Technol. 174, 110726 (2024)","journal-title":"Opt. Laser Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1640_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13020435","volume":"13","author":"M Ali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ali, M., Kumar, S.: A robust zero-watermarking scheme in spatial domain by achieving features similar to frequency domain. Electronics 13(2), 435 (2024)","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1640_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2020.3009349","volume":"31","author":"H Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang, H., Chen, D., Huang, Q., Zhang, J., Ma, Z., Zhang, W., Yu, N.: Deep template-based watermarking. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 31(4), 1436\u20131451 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1640_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2019.01.006","volume":"87","author":"H-T Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, H.-T., Lee, T.-T.: Frame-synchronized blind speech watermarking via improved adaptive mean modulation and perceptual-based additive modulation in dwt domain. Dig. Signal Process. 87, 75\u201385 (2019)","journal-title":"Dig. Signal Process."},{"key":"1640_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-018-0812-x","volume":"16","author":"Y Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Wang, J., Shi, Y.-Q.: Dynamic multi-watermarking and detecting in dwt domain. J. Real-Time Image Process. 16, 565\u2013576 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"key":"1640_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, J., Zhang, T., Xu, C.: I know the relationships: zero-shot action recognition via two-stream graph convolutional networks and knowledge graphs. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 33, pp. 8303\u20138311 (2019)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v33i01.33018303"},{"key":"1640_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, J., Zhang, T., Xu, C.: Graph convolutional tracking. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4649\u20134659 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00478"},{"key":"1640_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, J., Kaplan, R., Johnson, J., Fei-Fei, L.: Hidden: hiding data with deep networks. In: Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), pp. 657\u2013672 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01267-0_40"},{"key":"1640_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tancik, M., Mildenhall, B., Ng, R.: Stegastamp: invisible hyperlinks in physical photographs. In: 2020 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 2114\u20132123 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00219"},{"issue":"7","key":"1640_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7094","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.3037208","volume":"52","author":"J Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia, J., Gao, Z., Chen, K., Hu, M., Min, X., Zhai, G., Yang, X.: Rihoop: robust invisible hyperlinks in offline and online photographs. IEEE Trans. Cybern. 52(7), 7094\u20137106 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"key":"1640_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7571","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3223559","volume":"25","author":"H Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang, H., Jia, Z., Qiu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, W., Chang, E.-C.: De-end: decoder-driven watermarking network. IEEE Trans. Multim. 25, 7571\u20137581 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multim."},{"key":"1640_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, L., Zhao, Y., Fang, Y., Wang, J.: A novel robust digital image watermarking scheme based on attention u-net++ structure. Vis. Comput. 1\u201317 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00371-024-03271-z"},{"key":"1640_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2648","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3149641","volume":"25","author":"H Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang, H., Jia, Z., Zhou, H., Ma, Z., Zhang, W.: Encoded feature enhancement in watermarking network for distortion in real scenes. IEEE Trans. Multim. 25, 2648\u20132660 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multim."},{"key":"1640_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., Brox, T.: U-net: convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. In: Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention-MICCAI 2015: 18th International Conference, Munich, Germany, October 5\u20139, 2015, Proceedings, Part III 18, pp. 234\u2013241. Springer (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24574-4_28"},{"issue":"6","key":"1640_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2019.2959609","volume":"39","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou, Z., Siddiquee, M.M.R., Tajbakhsh, N., Liang, J.: Unet++: redesigning skip connections to exploit multiscale features in image segmentation. IEEE Trans. Med. imaging 39(6), 1856\u20131867 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. imaging"},{"key":"1640_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dasgupta, A., Zhong, X.: Robust image watermarking based on cross-attention and invariant domain learning. arXiv:2310.05395 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSCI62032.2023.00185"},{"key":"1640_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2020.107404","volume":"106","author":"X Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin, X., Zhang, Z., Huang, C., Dehghan, M., Zaiane, O.R., Jagersand, M.: U2-net: going deeper with nested u-structure for salient object detection. Pattern Recognit. 106, 107404 (2020)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"1640_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Isola, P., Efros, A.A., Shechtman, E., Wang, O.: The unreasonable effectiveness of deep features as a perceptual metric. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 586\u2013595 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00068"},{"key":"1640_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Huang, Y., Zhu, Y., Jin, L., Liu, Y., Xie, L.: Aggregation cross-entropy for sequence recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6538\u20136547 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00670"},{"key":"1640_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huiskes, M.J., Lew, M.S.: The mir flickr retrieval evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Information Retrieval, pp. 39\u201343 (2008)","DOI":"10.1145\/1460096.1460104"},{"key":"1640_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.-J., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: Imagenet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: 2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 248\u2013255 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"1640_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilic, I., Aydin, G.: Traffic sign detection and recognition using tensorflow\u2019s object detection api with a new benchmark dataset. In: 2020 International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), pp. 1\u20135 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEE49691.2020.9249914"},{"key":"1640_CR38","unstructured":"Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00530-024-01640-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00530-024-01640-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00530-024-01640-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T10:58:41Z","timestamp":1740740321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00530-024-01640-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-024-01640-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-4962","1432-1882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-4962","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This paper was done by the authors, and no human participants other than the authors were involved in it, and informed consent was obtained from all authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical and informed consent for data used"}}],"article-number":"64"}}