{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T04:22:35Z","timestamp":1787631755530,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimedia Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-026-02367-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:11:37Z","timestamp":1778047897000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A multi-domain embedding video steganography algorithm using PU partitioning modes and MV prediction index"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hemin","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingnan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"21","key":"2367_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.3390\/math9212829","volume":"9","author":"MA Majeed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Majeed, M.A., Sulaiman, R., Shukur, Z., et al.: A review on text steganography techniques. Mathematics 9(21), 2829 (2021)","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"2367_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23409","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3053998","volume":"9","author":"N Subramanian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Subramanian, N., Elharrouss, O., Al-Maadeed, S., et al.: Image steganography: A review of the recent advances. IEEE Access 9, 23409\u201323423 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"27","key":"2367_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41943","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-14844-w","volume":"82","author":"J Kunhoth","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kunhoth, J., Subramanian, N., Al-Maadeed, S., et al.: Video steganography: recent advances and challenges. Multimed. Tools Appl. 82(27), 41943\u201341985 (2023)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"2367_CR4","first-page":"379","volume":"5","author":"MA Hameed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hameed, M.A., Hassaballah, M., Abdelazim, R., et al.: A novel medical steganography technique based on Adversarial Neural Cryptography and digital signature using least significant bit replacement. Int. J. Cogn. Comput. Eng. 5, 379\u2013397 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Comput. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"2367_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-024-01332-w","volume":"30","author":"MA Hameed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hameed, M.A., Hassaballah, M., Qiao, T.: IS-DGM: an improved steganography method based on a deep generative model and hyper logistic map encryption via social media networks. Multimed. Syst. 30(3), 129 (2024)","journal-title":"Multimed. Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"2367_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2012.2221191","volume":"22","author":"GJ Sullivan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sullivan, G.J., Ohm, J.R., Han, W.J., et al.: Overview of the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 22(12), 1649\u20131668 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2367_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2003.815165","volume":"13","author":"T Wiegand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wiegand, T., Sullivan, G.J., Bjontegaard, G., et al.: Overview H. of the 264\/AVC video coding standard. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(7), 560\u2013576 (2003)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2367_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2013.10.007","volume":"25","author":"PC Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang, P.C., Chung, K.L., Chen, J.J., et al.: A DCT\/DST-based error propagation-free data hiding algorithm for HEVC intra-coded frames. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 25(2), 239\u2013253 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"2367_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2019.09.008","volume":"59","author":"S Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, S., Xu, D.: A robust steganography method for HEVC based on secret sharing. Cogn. Syst. Res. 59, 207\u2013220 (2020)","journal-title":"Cogn. Syst. Res."},{"key":"2367_CR10","volume":"73","author":"L Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, L., Xu, D., Wang, R., et al.: Adaptive HEVC video steganography based on distortion compensation optimization. J. Inf. Secur. Appl. 73, 103442 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"2367_CR11","first-page":"1753","volume":"9","author":"J Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, J., Wang, R., Huang, M., et al.: A data hiding algorithm for HEVC based on the differences of intra prediction modes. J. Optoelectron. Laser 9, 1753\u20131760 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Optoelectron. Laser"},{"key":"2367_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Cao, Y., Zhao, X., et\u00a0al.: Maintaining Rate-Distortion Optimization for IPM-Based Video Steganography by Constructing Isolated Channels in HEVC. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM workshop on information hiding and multimedia security, pp 97\u2013107 (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3206004.3206020"},{"key":"2367_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8625","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3380246","volume":"26","author":"L Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, L., Xu, D., Qian, J., et al.: Quad-tree structure-preserving adaptive steganography for HEVC. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 26, 8625\u20138638 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"2367_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8423","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6859-7","volume":"78","author":"Y Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Li, Z., Xie, W., et al.: High capacity and multilevel information hiding algorithm based on pu partition modes for HEVC videos. Multimed. Tools Appl. 78, 8423\u20138446 (2019)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"2367_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13640-021-00547-5","volume":"2021","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Li, Z., Liu, J., et al.: Steganography algorithm based on modified EMD-coded PU partition modes for HEVC videos. EURASIP J. Image Video Process 2021, 1\u201320 (2021)","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Image Video Process"},{"key":"2367_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2084","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2021.3075858","volume":"24","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, J., Li, Z., Jiang, X., et al.: A high-performance CNN-applied HEVC steganography based on diamond-coded PU partition modes. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 24, 2084\u20132097 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"2367_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, M., Sun, T., Jiang, X., et\u00a0al.: A Motion Vector-Based Steganographic Algorithm for HEVC with MTB Mapping Strategy. In: Digital Forensics and Watermarking: 18th International Workshop, IWDW 2019, Chengdu, China, November 2\u20134, 2019, Revised Selected Papers 18, Springer, pp 293\u2013306 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43575-2_25"},{"key":"2367_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3111565","volume":"28","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, S., Liu, B., Hu, Y., et al.: Non-degraded adaptive HEVC steganography by advanced motion vector prediction. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 28, 1843\u20131847 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"2367_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2024.9010016","volume":"30","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhang, M., Niu, K., et al.: High-security HEVC video steganography method using the motion vector prediction index and motion vector difference. Tsinghua Sci. Technol. 30(2), 813\u2013829 (2025)","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2367_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhai, L., Wang, L., Ren, Y.: Multi-domain Embedding Strategies for Video Steganography by Combining Partition Modes and Motion Vectors. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), IEEE, pp 1402\u20131407 (2019a)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2019.00243"},{"key":"2367_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.127247","volume":"575","author":"H Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing, H., Tian, L., Cao, M., et al.: A multi-embedding domain video steganography algorithm based on TU partitioning and intra prediction mode. Neurocomputing 575, 127247 (2024)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"2367_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Filler, T., Judas, J., Fridrich, J.: Minimizing embedding impact in steganography using trellis-coded quantization. In: Media forensics and security II, SPIE, pp 38\u201351 (2010)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.838002"},{"issue":"2","key":"2367_CR23","first-page":"2085","volume":"79","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhang, M., Niu, K., et al.: A HEVC Video Steganalysis Method Using the Optimality of Motion Vector Prediction. Comput. Mater. Contin. 79(2), 2085\u20132103 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Contin."},{"key":"2367_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2023.3269663","volume":"26","author":"S He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He, S., Xu, D., Yang, L., et al.: Adaptive HEVC video steganography with high performance based on attention-net and PU partition modes. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 26, 687\u2013700 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"issue":"1","key":"2367_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2022.3140899","volume":"20","author":"Z Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Z., Jiang, X., Dong, Y., et al.: An anti-steganalysis HEVC video steganography with high performance based on CNN and PU partition modes. IEEE Trans. Depend. Secur. Comput. 20(1), 606\u2013619 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Depend. Secur. Comput."},{"key":"2367_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2021.02.018","volume":"146","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, S., Hu, Y., Liu, B., et al.: An HEVC steganalytic approach against motion vector modification using local optimality in candidate list. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 146, 23\u201330 (2021)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"2367_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2623587","volume":"12","author":"H Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Cao, Y., Zhao, X.: A steganalytic approach to detect motion vector modification using near-perfect estimation for local optimality. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 12(2), 465\u2013478 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"2367_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, X., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., et\u00a0al.: Deep Learning-based Quantitative Steganalysis to Detect Motion Vector Embedding of HEVC Videos. In: 2020 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Data Science in Cyberspace (DSC), pp 150\u2013155 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/DSC50466.2020.00030"},{"issue":"4","key":"2367_CR29","first-page":"433","volume":"28","author":"Q Sheng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sheng, Q., Wang, R., Huang, M., et al.: A prediction mode steganalysis detection algorithm for HEVC. J. Optoelectron-Laser 28(4), 433\u2013440 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Optoelectron-Laser"},{"key":"2367_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2949428","volume":"15","author":"L Zhai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhai, L., Wang, L., Ren, Y.: Universal detection of video steganography in multiple domains based on the consistency of motion vectors. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur. 15, 1762\u20131777 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forens. Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"2367_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3309861","volume":"34","author":"H Dai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dai, H., Wang, R., Xu, D., et al.: HEVC video steganalysis based on pu maps and multi-scale convolutional residual network. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 34(4), 2663\u20132676 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"2367_CR32","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhang, M., Niu, K., et\u00a0al.: A One-dimensional HEVC video steganalysis method using the Optimality of Predicted Motion Vectors. arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.06464 (2023)"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02367-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02367-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02367-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:18:50Z","timestamp":1783765130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02367-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02367-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-4962","1432-1882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-4962","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"298"}}