{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:07:48Z","timestamp":1784725668473,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Multimedia Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-026-02402-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:48:15Z","timestamp":1780739295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ibcl: instance-aware bias calibration with contrastive learning for visual question answering"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Chuanfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benxue","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2402_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Antol, S., Agrawal, A., Lu, J., Mitchell, M., Batra, D., Zitnick, C.L., Parikh, D.: Vqa: Visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2425\u20132433 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.279"},{"key":"2402_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agrawal, A., Batra, D., Parikh, D., Kembhavi, A.: Don\u2019t just assume; look and answer: Overcoming priors for visual question answering. In: 2018 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 4971\u20134980 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00522","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00522"},{"key":"2402_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goyal, Y., Khot, T., Summers-Stay, D., Batra, D., Parikh, D.: Making the v in vqa matter: Elevating the role of image understanding in visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6904\u20136913 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.670"},{"key":"2402_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Selvaraju, R.R., Lee, S., Shen, Y., Jin, H., Ghosh, S., Heck, L., Batra, D., Parikh, D.: Taking a hint: Leveraging explanations to make vision and language models more grounded. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2591\u20132600 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00268"},{"key":"2402_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafle, K., Kanan, C.: An analysis of visual question answering algorithms. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1965\u20131973 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.217"},{"key":"2402_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, T., Dong, J., Xu, D.: Exploring human-like attention supervision in visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 32 (2018)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.12272"},{"key":"2402_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Niebles, J.C., Soto, A.: Interpretable visual question answering by visual grounding from attention supervision mining. In: 2019 Ieee Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (wacv), pp. 349\u2013357 (2019). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2019.00043"},{"key":"2402_CR8","unstructured":"Wu, J., Mooney, R.: Self-critical reasoning for robust visual question answering. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 32 (2019)"},{"key":"2402_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Yan, X., Xiao, J., Zhang, H., Pu, S., Zhuang, Y.: Counterfactual samples synthesizing for robust visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10800\u201310809 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01081"},{"key":"2402_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, X., Mao, Z., Liu, C., Zhang, P., Wang, B., Zhang, Y.: Overcoming language priors with self-supervised learning for visual question answering. arXiv preprint arXiv:2012.11528 (2020)","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2020\/151"},{"key":"2402_CR11","first-page":"3784","volume":"34","author":"Z Wen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wen, Z., Xu, G., Tan, M., Wu, Q., Wu, Q.: Debiased visual question answering from feature and sample perspectives. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 34, 3784\u20133796 (2021)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"2402_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lao, M., Guo, Y., Liu, Y., Lew, M.S.: A language prior based focal loss for visual question answering. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), pp. 1\u20136 (2021). IEEE Computer Society","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME51207.2021.9428165"},{"key":"2402_CR13","unstructured":"Cadene, R., Dancette, C., Cord, M., Parikh, D., et al.: Rubi: Reducing unimodal biases for visual question answering. Advances in neural information processing systems 32 (2019)"},{"key":"2402_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clark, C., Yatskar, M., Zettlemoyer, L.: Don\u2019t take the easy way out: Ensemble based methods for avoiding known dataset biases. arXiv preprint (2019) arXiv:1909.03683","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D19-1418"},{"key":"2402_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Niu, Y., Tang, K., Zhang, H., Lu, Z., Hua, X.-S., Wen, J.-R.: Counterfactual vqa: A cause-effect look at language bias. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 12700\u201312710 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.01251"},{"key":"2402_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kv, G., Mittal, A.: Reducing language biases in visual question answering with visually-grounded question encoder. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 18\u201334 (2020). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58601-0_2"},{"key":"2402_CR17","first-page":"16292","volume":"34","author":"Y Niu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Niu, Y., Zhang, H.: Introspective distillation for robust question answering. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 34, 16292\u201316304 (2021)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"issue":"8","key":"2402_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10479","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-023-07661-8","volume":"48","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: Qsfvqa: A time efficient, scalable and optimized vqa framework. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 48(8), 10479\u201310491 (2023)","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"2402_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70010","DOI":"10.1111\/coin.70010","volume":"40","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: Beyond words: Esc-net revolutionizes vqa by elevating visual features and defying language priors. Comput. Intell. 40(6), 70010 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Intell."},{"key":"2402_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vosoughi, A., Deng, S., Zhang, S., Tian, Y., Xu, C., Luo, J.: Cross modality bias in visual question answering: A causal view with possible worlds vqa. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 26, 8609\u20138624 (2024) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMM.2024.3380259","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3380259"},{"key":"2402_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6648","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2024.3355640","volume":"26","author":"Y Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan, Y., Liu, J., Jin, L., Li, Z.: Unbiased visual question answering by leveraging instrumental variable. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 26, 6648\u20136662 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimedia"},{"key":"2402_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., Nie, L., Cheng, Z., Ji, F., Zhang, J., Del\u00a0Bimbo, A.: Adavqa: Overcoming language priors with adapted margin cosine loss. arXiv preprint (2021) arXiv:2105.01993","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2021\/98"},{"key":"2402_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basu, A., Addepalli, S., Babu, R.V.: Rmlvqa: A margin loss approach for visual question answering with language biases. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 11671\u201311680 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01123"},{"key":"2402_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wan, X., Teng, Q., Chen, J., Lu, Y., Yuan, D., Liu, Z.: Eliminating language bias for medical visual question answering with counterfactual contrastive training. In: International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, pp. 194\u2013204 (2025). Springer","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-032-04978-0_19"},{"key":"2402_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, J., Hariharan, B., Van Der\u00a0Maaten, L., Fei-Fei, L., Lawrence\u00a0Zitnick, C., Girshick, R.: Clevr: A diagnostic dataset for compositional language and elementary visual reasoning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2901\u20132910 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.215"},{"issue":"12","key":"2402_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9603","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3132034","volume":"44","author":"C Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao, C., Zhu, Q., Wang, P., Li, H., Liu, Y., Hengel, A., Wu, Q.: Structured multimodal attentions for textvqa. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 44(12), 9603\u20139614 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2402_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gui, L., Wang, B., Huang, Q., Hauptmann, A., Bisk, Y., Gao, J.: Kat: A knowledge augmented transformer for vision-and-language. arXiv preprint (2021) arXiv:2112.08614","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.naacl-main.70"},{"key":"2402_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marino, K., Rastegari, M., Farhadi, A., Mottaghi, R.: Ok-vqa: A visual question answering benchmark requiring external knowledge. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/cvf Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 3195\u20133204 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00331"},{"key":"2402_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, J., Goswami, V., Rohrbach, M., Parikh, D., Lee, S.: 12-in-1: Multi-task vision and language representation learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10437\u201310446 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01045"},{"key":"2402_CR30","unstructured":"Kim, J.-H., Lee, S.-W., Kwak, D., Heo, M.-O., Kim, J., Ha, J.-W., Zhang, B.-T.: Multimodal residual learning for visual qa. Advances in neural information processing systems 29 (2016)"},{"key":"2402_CR31","unstructured":"Kim, J.-H., Jun, J., Zhang, B.-T.: Bilinear attention networks. Advances in neural information processing systems 31 (2018)"},{"key":"2402_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, D.-K., Okatani, T.: Improved fusion of visual and language representations by dense symmetric co-attention for visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6087\u20136096 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00637"},{"key":"2402_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109948","volume":"142","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: Envqa: Improving visual question answering model by enriching the visual feature. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 142, 109948 (2025)","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"2402_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23716","DOI":"10.52202\/068431-1723","volume":"35","author":"J-B Alayrac","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alayrac, J.-B., Donahue, J., Luc, P., Miech, A., Barr, I., Hasson, Y., Lenc, K., Mensch, A., Millican, K., Reynolds, M., et al.: Flamingo: a visual language model for few-shot learning. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 35, 23716\u201323736 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"2402_CR35","unstructured":"Li, J., Li, D., Xiong, C., Hoi, S.: Blip: Bootstrapping language-image pre-training for unified vision-language understanding and generation. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 12888\u201312900 (2022). PMLR"},{"key":"2402_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2024.112827","volume":"309","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: R-vqa: A robust visual question answering model. Knowl.-Based Syst. 309, 112827 (2025)","journal-title":"Knowl.-Based Syst."},{"key":"2402_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2025.129906","volume":"635","author":"S Chowdhury","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chowdhury, S., Soni, B.: Handling language prior and compositional reasoning issues in visual question answering system. Neurocomputing 635, 129906 (2025)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"8","key":"2402_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5575","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3366154","volume":"46","author":"J Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, J., Wang, P., Kong, D., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Pei, H., Zhao, J.: Robust visual question answering: Datasets, methods, and future challenges. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 46(8), 5575\u20135594 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"2402_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., He, X., Gao, J., Deng, L., Smola, A.: Stacked attention networks for image question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 21\u201329 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.10"},{"key":"2402_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Song, L., Yang, C., Li, X., Shang, X.: A robust dual-debiasing VQA model based on counterfactual causal effect. In: Al-Onaizan, Y., Bansal, M., Chen, Y.-N. (eds.) Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pp. 4242\u20134252. Association for Computational Linguistics, Miami, Florida, USA (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.245 . https:\/\/aclanthology.org\/2024.findings-emnlp.245\/","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-emnlp.245"},{"key":"2402_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hudson, D.A., Manning, C.D.: Gqa: A new dataset for real-world visual reasoning and compositional question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6700\u20136709 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00686"},{"key":"2402_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, P., He, X., Buehler, C., Teney, D., Johnson, M., Gould, S., Zhang, L.: Bottom-up and top-down attention for image captioning and visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6077\u20136086 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00636"},{"key":"2402_CR43","unstructured":"Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. Advances in neural information processing systems 28 (2015)"},{"key":"2402_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.D.: Glove: Global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1532\u20131543 (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1162"},{"key":"2402_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, K., Van\u00a0Merri\u00ebnboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., Bengio, Y.: Learning phrase representations using rnn encoder-decoder for statistical machine translation. arXiv preprint (2014) arXiv:1406.1078","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/D14-1179"},{"key":"2402_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anderson, P., He, X., Buehler, C., Teney, D., Johnson, M., Gould, S., Zhang, L.: Bottom-up and top-down attention for image captioning and visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 6077\u20136086 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00636"},{"key":"2402_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Z., He, X., Gao, J., Deng, L., Smola, A.: Stacked attention networks for image question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 21\u201329 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.10"},{"key":"2402_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jing, C., Wu, Y., Zhang, X., Jia, Y., Wu, Q.: Overcoming language priors in vqa via decomposed linguistic representations. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, vol. 34, pp. 11181\u201311188 (2020)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v34i07.6776"},{"key":"2402_CR49","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, S., Agrawal, A., Lee, S.: Overcoming language priors in visual question answering with adversarial regularization. Advances in neural information processing systems 31 (2018)"},{"key":"2402_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, X., Wang, S., Su, C., Huang, Q., Tian, Q.: Greedy gradient ensemble for robust visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1584\u20131593 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00161"},{"key":"2402_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abbasnejad, E., Teney, D., Parvaneh, A., Shi, J., Hengel, A.v.d.: Counterfactual vision and language learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 10044\u201310054 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.01006"},{"key":"2402_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teney, D., Abbasnejad, E., Hengel, A.: Unshuffling data for improved generalization in visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1417\u20131427 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00145"},{"key":"2402_CR53","first-page":"407","volume":"33","author":"D Teney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teney, D., Abbasnejad, E., Kafle, K., Shrestha, R., Kanan, C., Van Den Hengel, A.: On the value of out-of-distribution testing: An example of goodhart\u2019s law. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 33, 407\u2013417 (2020)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"2402_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang, Z., Jiang, W., Hu, H., Zhu, J.: Learning to contrast the counterfactual samples for robust visual question answering. In: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 3285\u20133292 (2020)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.265"},{"key":"2402_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gokhale, T., Banerjee, P., Baral, C., Yang, Y.: Mutant: A training paradigm for out-of-distribution generalization in visual question answering. arXiv preprint (2020) arXiv:2009.08566","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.63"},{"key":"2402_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2019.04.008","volume":"131","author":"DM Chan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chan, D.M., Rao, R., Huang, F., Canny, J.F.: Gpu accelerated t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 131, 1\u201313 (2019)","journal-title":"Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing"}],"container-title":["Multimedia Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02402-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02402-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02402-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T12:55:11Z","timestamp":1784724911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02402-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00530-026-02402-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0942-4962","1432-1882"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0942-4962","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1882","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no Conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"336"}}