{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T14:08:18Z","timestamp":1762956498453,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Abo Akademi University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multi-agent systems constitute a wide class of decentralised systems. Their functions are usually carried out by collaborative activities of agents. To ensure resilience of multi-agent systems, we should endow them with a capability to dynamically reconfigure. Usually, as a result of reconfiguration, the existing relationships between agents are changed and new collaborations are established. This is a complex and error-prone process, which can be facilitated by the use of formal reasoning and automated verification. In this paper, we propose a generic resilience-explicit formalisation of the main concepts of multi-agent systems. Based on it, we introduce corresponding specification and refinement patterns in Event-B. Our patterns facilitate modelling behaviour of resilient multi-agent systems in a rigorous systematic way and verification of their properties. We demonstrate the application of the proposed approach by a case study\u2014a smart warehouse system.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-020-00861-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]],"date-time":"2020-11-19T11:02:52Z","timestamp":1605783772000},"page":"535-557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Modelling resilient collaborative multi-agent systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"103","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-6879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna","family":"Vistbakka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Troubitsyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"861_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139195881","volume-title":"Modeling in Event-B","author":"J-R Abrial","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abrial J-R (2010) Modeling in Event-B. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"6","key":"861_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-010-0145-y","volume":"12","author":"J-R Abrial","year":"2010","unstructured":"Abrial J-R, Butler MJ, Hallerstede S, Hoang TS, Mehta F, Voisin L (2010) Rodin: an open toolset for modelling and reasoning in Event-B. STTT 12(6):447\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10009-010-0145-y","journal-title":"STTT"},{"key":"861_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ball E, Butler M (2009) Patterns Event-B, for specifying fault-tolerance in multi-agent interaction, methods, models and tools for fault tolerance. Springer, pp 104\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-00867-2_6","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-00867-2_6"},{"issue":"3","key":"861_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218194001000517","volume":"11","author":"B Bauer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bauer B, M\u00fcller JP, Odell J (2001) Agent UML: a formalism for specifying multiagent software systems. Int J Softw Eng Knowl Eng 11(3):207\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218194001000517","journal-title":"Int J Softw Eng Knowl Eng"},{"key":"861_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bernon C, Gleizes MP, Peyruqueou S, Picard G (2002) ADELFE: a methodology for adaptive multi-agent systems engineering, ESAW. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2577. Springer, pp 156\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-39173-8_12","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-39173-8_12"},{"issue":"1","key":"861_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-012-0075-2","volume":"7","author":"M Brambilla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brambilla M, Ferrante E, Birattari M, Dorigo M (2013) Swarm robotics: a review from the swarm engineering perspective. Swarm Intell 7(1):1\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11721-012-0075-2","journal-title":"Swarm Intell"},{"issue":"3","key":"861_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1023\/B:AGNT.0000018806.20944.ef","volume":"8","author":"P Bresciani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bresciani P, Perini A, Giorgini P, Giunchiglia F, Mylopoulos J (2004) Tropos: an agent-oriented software development methodology. Autonom Agents Multi-Agent Syst J 8(3):203\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:AGNT.0000018806.20944.ef","journal-title":"Autonom Agents Multi-Agent Syst J"},{"issue":"4","key":"861_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1082983.1082967","volume":"30","author":"SA DeLoach","year":"2005","unstructured":"DeLoach SA (2005) Multiagent systems engineering of organization-based multiagent systems. ACM SIGSOFT Softw Eng Notes 30(4):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1082983.1082967","journal-title":"ACM SIGSOFT Softw Eng Notes"},{"key":"861_CR9","volume-title":"Multi-agent systems: an introduction to distributed artificial intelligence","author":"J Ferber","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ferber J (1999) Multi-agent systems: an introduction to distributed artificial intelligence, 1st edn. Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co. Inc, Boston","edition":"1"},{"key":"861_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferber J, Gutknecht O, Michel F (2003) From agents to organizations: an organizational view of multi-agent systems, AOSE 2003. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2935, Springer, pp 214\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-24620-6_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-24620-6_15"},{"issue":"9","key":"861_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1145\/2494558","volume":"56","author":"M Fisher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fisher M, Dennis LA, Webster MP (2013) Verifying autonomous systems. Commun ACM 56(9):84\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2494558","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"issue":"2","key":"861_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364914546174","volume":"34","author":"M Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo M, Dimarogonas DV (2015) Multi-agent plan reconfiguration under local LTL specifications, I. J Robot Res 34(2):218\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0278364914546174","journal-title":"J Robot Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"861_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1380584.1380585","volume":"40","author":"MC Huebscher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huebscher MC, McCann JA (2008) A survey of autonomic computing\u2013degrees, models, and applications. ACM Comput Surv 40(3):1","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"861_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Inverardi P, Pelliccione P, Tivoli M (2009) Towards an assume-guarantee theory for adaptable systems. In: ICSE workshop on soft-ware engineering for adaptive and self-managing systems, SEAMS 2009. IEEE, pp 106\u2013115","DOI":"10.1109\/SEAMS.2009.5069079"},{"issue":"2","key":"861_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0004-3702(99)00107-1","volume":"117","author":"NR Jennings","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jennings NR (2000) On agent-based software engineering. Artif Intell 117(2):277\u2013296","journal-title":"Artif Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"861_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2003.1160055","volume":"36","author":"JO Kephart","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kephart JO, Chess DM (2003) The vision of autonomic computing. IEEE Comput 36(1):41\u201350","journal-title":"IEEE Comput"},{"key":"861_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2017.05.008","volume":"148","author":"L Laibinis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laibinis L, Pereverzeva I, Troubitsyna E (2017) Formal reasoning about resilient goal-oriented multi-agent systems. Sci Comput Program 148:66\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scico.2017.05.008","journal-title":"Sci Comput Program"},{"key":"861_CR18","unstructured":"van Lamsweerde A (2001) Goal-oriented requirements engineering: a guided tour, RE\u201901. IEEE Computer Society, pp 249\u2013263"},{"key":"861_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laprie JC (2005) Resilience for the scalability of dependability. In: Fourth IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, pp 5\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NCA.2005.44","DOI":"10.1109\/NCA.2005.44"},{"key":"861_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Iocchi L, Nardi D, Salerno M (2000) Reactivity and deliberation: a survey on multi-robot systems, ECAI 2000. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2103, Springer, 9\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/3-540-44568-4_2","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44568-4_2"},{"key":"861_CR21","unstructured":"Luckcuck M, Farrell M, Dennis LA, Dixon C, Fisher M (2018) Formal specification and verification of autonomous robotic systems: a survey. CoRR vol. abs\/1807.00048. arXiv: 1807.00048"},{"key":"861_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Moscato F, Venticinque S, Aversa R, Di Martino B (2008) Modeling formal, verification of real-time multi-agent systems: the REMM framework, IDC. Studies in computational intelligence, vol. 162, Springer, pp 187\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-85257-5_19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85257-5_19"},{"key":"861_CR23","unstructured":"OMG Mobile Agents Facility (MASIF). http:\/\/www.omg.org"},{"key":"861_CR24","unstructured":"Pereverzeva I (2015) Formal development of resilient distributed systems, Ph.D. thesis No.203, Turku Centre for Computer Science. http:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:ISBN:978-952-12-3253-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"861_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00165-014-0305-z","volume":"27","author":"A Tarasyuk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tarasyuk A, Laibinis L, Troubitsyna E (2015) Integrating stochastic reasoning into Event-B development. Formal ASP Comput 27(1):53\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00165-014-0305-z","journal-title":"Formal ASP Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"861_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1145\/958961.958963","volume":"12","author":"F Zambonelli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zambonelli F, Jennings NR, Wooldridge MJ (2003) Developing multiagent systems: the Gaia methodology. ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol 12(3):317\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/958961.958963","journal-title":"ACM Trans Softw Eng Methodol"},{"key":"861_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vistbakka I, Troubitsyna E, Majd A (2019) Multi-layered safety architecture of autonomous systems: formalising coordination perspective. In: 19th IEEE international symposium on high assurance systems engineering. HASE 58\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/HASE.2019.00019","DOI":"10.1109\/HASE.2019.00019"},{"key":"861_CR28","unstructured":"Weyns D, Iftikhar MU, de la Iglesia DG Ahmad T (2015) A survey of formal methods in self-adaptive systems. In: Proceedings of the 5th international C* conference on computer science and software engineering, C3S2E 12. ACM, 2012, p 6779"},{"key":"861_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weyns D, Malek S, Andersson J (2012) FORMS: unifying reference model for formal specification of distributed self-adaptive systems. ACM Trans Auton Adapt Syst 7(1):8:1\u20138:61","DOI":"10.1145\/2168260.2168268"}],"container-title":["Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00861-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00861-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00861-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T09:04:36Z","timestamp":1617613476000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00861-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["861"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00861-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0010-485X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1436-5057"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}