{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1786980381095,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023561","name":"Ministerio de Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["FPU17\/02010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU17\/02010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Consejer\u00eda de Transformaci\u00f3n Econ\u00f3mica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades, Junta de andalucia","award":["PY20_00809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PY20_00809"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2021-124124OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-124124OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the past few years the use of IoT devices has grown exponentially. When it comes to working with them, we find a series of problems that are not easy to solve. On the one hand, the simple fact of communicating with those devices can be problematic since they can use different types of technologies regarding that communication. On the other hand, these types of devices usually aim to perform their function using the lowest possible energy, meaning they have certain constraints in terms of performance. Trying to work with these devices in high-availability environments becomes difficult because of those restraints. This paper introduces digital dice, a virtual representation of IoT devices and cyber-physical systems based on microservices that uses the standard established by the W3C, the Web of Things, as the underlying framework to declare its possible interactions. The article puts forward the different strategies that Digital Dice uses to mitigate the problems raised. Furthermore, we contrast the performance of Digital Dice with using the devices directly, demonstrating its advantages in a process that requires High Availability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-023-01165-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T04:03:05Z","timestamp":1678507385000},"page":"1745-1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Towards high-availability cyber-physical systems using a microservice architecture"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1084-8489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manel","family":"Mena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8035-5260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Criado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1815-4721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Iribarne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0069-4642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Corral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4112-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Chbeir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4026-4329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannis","family":"Manolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1165_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Laghari A, Wu K, Laghari R et al (2021) A review and state of art of internet of things (IoT). Arch Comput Methods Eng. 1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11831-021-09622-6","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-021-09622-6"},{"key":"1165_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.11.017","volume":"58","author":"DG Pivoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pivoto DG, de Almeida LF, da Rosa RR et al (2021) Cyber-physical systems architectures for industrial internet of things applications in Industry 4.0: a literature review. J Manuf Syst 58:176\u2013192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.11.017","journal-title":"J Manuf Syst"},{"key":"1165_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2015.09.021","volume":"56","author":"A Botta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Botta A, De Donato W, Persico V, Pescap\u00e9 A (2016) Integration of Cloud computing and Internet of Things: a survey. Future Gener Comput Syst 56:684\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.future.2015.09.021","journal-title":"Future Gener Comput Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"1165_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.3897\/jucs.70325","volume":"27","author":"M Mena","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mena M, Criado J, Iribarne L, Corral A (2021) Assembling the web of things and microservices for the management of cyber-physical systems. J Univers Comput Sci 27(7):734\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/jucs.70325","journal-title":"J Univers Comput Sci"},{"key":"1165_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bucchiarone A, Dragoni N, Dustdar S et al (2020) Microservices. Springer Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-31646-4","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-31646-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"1165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186","volume":"15","author":"F Tao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tao F, Zhang H, Liu A, Nee AY (2018) Digital twin in industry: state-of-the-art. IEEE Trans Industr Inform 15(4):2405\u20132415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inform"},{"key":"1165_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mena M, Criado J, Iribarne L, Corral A (2021) Defining interactions of WoT servients with causality relations. In: Proc. MEDES\u20192021, pp 112-119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3444757.3485102","DOI":"10.1145\/3444757.3485102"},{"key":"1165_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mena M, Criado J, Iribarne L, Corral A (2020) WoTnectivity: a communication pattern for different web of things connection protocols. In: Proc. COMPSAC\u20192020, pp 1059-1064. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/COMPSAC48688.2020.0-133","DOI":"10.1109\/COMPSAC48688.2020.0-133"},{"key":"1165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-014-9489-2","volume":"17","author":"A Whitmore","year":"2015","unstructured":"Whitmore A, Agarwal A, Da Xu L (2015) The internet of things-a survey of topics and trends. Inf Syst Front 17:261\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10796-014-9489-2","journal-title":"Inf Syst Front"},{"issue":"1","key":"1165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2017.24","volume":"34","author":"C Pautasso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pautasso C, Zimmermann O, Amundsen M et al (2017) Microservices in practice, part 1: reality check and service design. IEEE Softw 34(1):91\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2017.24","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"1165_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-007-0044-3","volume":"16","author":"MP Papazoglou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Papazoglou MP, van den Heuvel WJ (2007) Service oriented architectures: approaches, technologies and research issues. VLDB J 16(3):389\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00778-007-0044-3","journal-title":"VLDB J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2016.64","volume":"33","author":"A Balalaie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Balalaie A, Heydarnoori A, Jamshidi P (2016) Microservices architecture enables Devops: migration to a cloud-native architecture. IEEE Softw 33(3):42\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MS.2016.64","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"1165_CR13","unstructured":"Guinard DD, Trifa VM (2016) Building the web of things with examples in node. js and raspberry Pi. manning publications"},{"key":"1165_CR14","unstructured":"WebThings. https:\/\/webthings.io. Acc.: 2022-12-29"},{"key":"1165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100164","volume":"9","author":"L Sciullo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sciullo L, Gigli L, Trotta A, Felice MD (2020) WoT store: managing resources and applications on the web of things. Internet Things 9:100164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iot.2020.100164","journal-title":"Internet Things"},{"key":"1165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47570","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3171575","volume":"10","author":"L Sciullo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sciullo L, Gigli L, Montori F, Trotta A, Felice M (2022) A survey on the web of things. IEEE Access 10:47570\u201347596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3171575","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1165_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khanda K, Salikhov D, Gusmanov K et al (2017) Microservice-based iot for smart buildings. In: Proc. AINAW\u20192017, pp 302-308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WAINA.2017.77","DOI":"10.1109\/WAINA.2017.77"},{"issue":"2","key":"1165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2017.7868163","volume":"14","author":"L Sun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun L, Li Y, Memon RA (2017) An open IoT framework based on microservices architecture. China Commun 14(2):154\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CC.2017.7868163","journal-title":"China Commun"},{"key":"1165_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kr\u010do S, Pokri\u0107 B, Carrez F (2014) Designing IoT architecture(s): A European perspective. In: Proc. WF-IoT, pp 79-84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/WF-IoT.2014.6803124","DOI":"10.1109\/WF-IoT.2014.6803124"},{"key":"1165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.11.152","volume":"61","author":"THJ Uhlemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uhlemann THJ, Lehmann C, Steinhilper R (2017) The digital twin: realizing the cyber-physical production system for industry 4.0. Procedia CIRP 61:335\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.procir.2016.11.152","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"1165_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirpj.2020.02.002","volume":"29","author":"D Jones","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jones D, Snider C, Nassehi A et al (2020) Characterising the digital twin: a systematic literature review. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 29:36\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cirpj.2020.02.002","journal-title":"CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol"},{"key":"1165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.03.005","volume":"47","author":"K Thramboulidis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thramboulidis K, Vachtsevanou DC, Kontou I (2019) CPuS-IoT: a cyber-physical microservice and IoT-based framework for manufacturing assembly systems. Annu Rev Control 47:237\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.03.005","journal-title":"Annu Rev Control"},{"key":"1165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102637","volume":"65","author":"D Ibaseta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ibaseta D, Garc\u00eda A, \u00c1lvarez M et al (2021) Monitoring and control of energy consumption in buildings using WoT: a novel approach for smart retrofit. Sustain Cities Soc 65:102637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102637","journal-title":"Sustain Cities Soc"},{"key":"1165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Teri\u00fas-Padr\u00f3n J, Simeoni E et al (2019) Autonomus air quality management system based on web of things standard architecture. In: Proc. UIC-ATC\u20192019, pp 184-189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/SmartWorld-UIC-ATC-SCALCOM-IOP-SCI.2019.00074","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartWorld-UIC-ATC-SCALCOM-IOP-SCI.2019.00074"},{"key":"1165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-015-0290-y","volume":"6","author":"Y Jararweh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jararweh Y, Al-Ayyoub M, Darabseh A et al (2015) SDIoT: a software defined based internet of things framework. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 6:453\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12652-015-0290-y","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"key":"1165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Benomar Z, Longo F, Merlino G, Puliafito A (2020) A stack 4 things-based web of things architecture. In: Proc. Cybermatics\u20192020, pp 113-120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData-Cybermatics50389.2020.00036","DOI":"10.1109\/iThings-GreenCom-CPSCom-SmartData-Cybermatics50389.2020.00036"},{"key":"1165_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Silva B, Khan M, Lee K et al (2020) Restful web of things for ubiquitous smart home energy management. In: Proc. ICNC\u20192020, pp 176-180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICNC47757.2020.9049774","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNC47757.2020.9049774"},{"key":"1165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.3390\/s19153276","volume":"19","author":"H Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang H, Kim Y (2019) Design and implementation of high-availability architecture for IoT-cloud services. Sensors 19:3276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s19153276","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-020-00884-9","volume":"103","author":"E Mansour","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mansour E, Chbeir R, Arnould P, Allani S, Salameh K (2021) Data management in connected environments. Computing 103:1121\u20131142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00607-020-00884-9","journal-title":"Computing"}],"container-title":["Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-023-01165-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00607-023-01165-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-023-01165-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T11:06:17Z","timestamp":1689159977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00607-023-01165-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00607-023-01165-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-485X","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5057","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 February 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}