{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T16:51:08Z","timestamp":1784134268109,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"High level cultivation projects of Minnan Normal University","award":["No. MSGJB2021007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. MSGJB2021007"]}]},{"name":"Fujian Province Undergraduate Education and Teaching Research Project","award":["No.FBJY20230170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.FBJY20230170"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 62372488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62372488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nature Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["No. 2024J011560, No. 2024J01818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2024J011560, No. 2024J01818"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00607-025-01477-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T15:14:12Z","timestamp":1745334852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Optimal sequential computation offloading and migration in mobile edge computing with multi-task priority"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziqiong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1477_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16672","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3354348","volume":"11","author":"J Bi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bi J, Wang Z, Yuan H, Zhang J, Zhou M (2024) Cost-minimized computation offloading and user association in hybrid cloud and edge computing. IEEE Internet Things J 11(9):16672\u201316683","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1477_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3117511","volume":"22","author":"C Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen C, Brinton CG, Aggarwal V (2021) Latency minimization for mobile edge computing networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 22(4):2233\u20132247","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"13","key":"1477_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Li J, Ning Z, Song Q, Guo L, Guo S, Obaidat MS (2023) Wireless powered mobile edge computing networks: a survey. ACM Comput Surv 55(13):1\u201337","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"1477_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2022.103044","volume":"140","author":"R Singh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Singh R, Sukapuram R, Chakraborty S (2023) A survey of mobility-aware multi-access edge computing: challenges, use cases and future directions. Ad Hoc Netw 140:103044","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"issue":"7","key":"1477_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4000","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2022.3150432","volume":"22","author":"H Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang H, Dai X, Xiao Z, Iyengar A (2022) Joint task offloading and resource allocation for energy-constrained mobile edge computing. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 22(7):4000\u20134015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"1477_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2020.1870876","volume":"69","author":"F Sufyan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sufyan F, Banerjee A (2023) Computation offloading for smart devices in fog-cloud queuing system. IETE J Res 69(3):1509\u20131521","journal-title":"IETE J Res"},{"key":"1477_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.11.012","volume":"213","author":"A Numani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Numani A, Abbas ZH, Abbas G, Ali Z (2024) Energy conserving cost selection for fine-grained computational offloading in mobile edge computing networks. Comput Commun 213:199\u2013207","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"1477_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6134837","volume":"2023","author":"J Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong J, Pan K, Zheng C, Chen L, Wu S, Zhang X (2023) A Dual-Agent Approach for Coordinated Task Offloading and Resource Allocation in MEC. J Electr Comput Eng 2023:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/6134837","journal-title":"J Electr Comput Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"1477_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3020680","volume":"39","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou Z, Wang Z, Yu H, Liao H, Mumtaz S, Oliveira L, Frascolla V (2020) Learning-based URLLC-aware task offloading for internet of health things. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 39(2):396\u2013410","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1477_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3246462","volume":"23","author":"L Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu L, Sun P, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang Y (2023) Computation offloading in multi-cell networks with collaborative edge-cloud computing: a game theoretic approach. IEEE Trans Mob Comput 23(3):2093\u20132106","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Mob Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"1477_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2816682","volume":"5","author":"L Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu L, Chang Z, Guo X (2018) Socially aware dynamic computation offloading scheme for fog computing system with energy harvesting devices. IEEE Internet Things J 5(3):1869\u20131879","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1477_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4277","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3230430","volume":"24","author":"W Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan W, Su Y, Liu J, Li S, Huang W, Wu F, Liu Y (2023) Joint task offloading and resource allocation for vehicular edge computing based on V2I and V2V modes. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 24(4):4277\u20134292","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"1477_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3165","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3126101","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Wang N, Wu H, Tang C, Li R (2021) MR-DRO: a fast and efficient task offloading algorithm in heterogeneous edge\/cloud computing environments. IEEE Internet Things J 10(4):3165\u20133178","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"6","key":"1477_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5595","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3222408","volume":"10","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zeng F (2022) Efficient task allocation for computation offloading in vehicular edge computing. IEEE Internet Things J 10(6):5595\u20135606","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1477_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11134-022-09785-4","volume":"100","author":"PW Glynn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Glynn PW (2022) Queueing theory: past, present, and future. Queueing Syst 100(3):169\u2013171","journal-title":"Queueing Syst"},{"key":"1477_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu L, Chang Z, Guo X, Ristaniemi T (2017) Multi-objective optimization for computation offloading in mobile-edge computing, In: 2017 IEEE symposium on computers and communications (ISCC), pp 832-837","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC.2017.8024630"},{"key":"1477_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2023.02.008","volume":"176","author":"G Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu G, Xu Z, Zhang H, Shen S, Yu S (2023) Multi-agent DRL for joint completion delay and energy consumption with queuing theory in MEC-based IIoT. J Parallel Distrib Comput 176:80\u201394","journal-title":"J Parallel Distrib Comput"},{"key":"1477_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-018-1794-0","volume":"25","author":"L Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu L, Guo X, Chang Z, Ristaniemi T (2019) Joint optimization of energy and delay for computation offloading in cloudlet-assisted mobile cloud computing. Wireless Netw 25:2027\u20132040","journal-title":"Wireless Netw"},{"issue":"8","key":"1477_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11138","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04328-3","volume":"78","author":"L Mas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mas L, Vilaplana J, Mateo J, Solsona F (2022) A queuing theory model for fog computing. J Supercomput 78(8):11138\u201311155","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"22","key":"1477_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24910","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3096245","volume":"21","author":"R Yadav","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yadav R, Zhang W, Elgendy IA, Dong G, Shafiq M, Laghari AA, Prakash S (2021) Smart healthcare: RL-based task offloading scheme for edge-enable sensor networks. IEEE Sens J 21(22):24910\u201324918","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1477_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2020.3018159","volume":"7","author":"C Kai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kai C, Zhou H, Yi Y, Huang W (2020) Collaborative cloud-edge-end task offloading in mobile-edge computing networks with limited communication capability. IEEE Trans Cognit Commun Netw 7(2):624\u2013634","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cognit Commun Netw"},{"key":"1477_CR22","volume-title":"An introduction to queueing systems","author":"SK Bose","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bose SK (2013) An introduction to queueing systems. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin"},{"key":"1477_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Wang C (2008) Spectrum handoff for cognitive radio networks: reactive-sensing or proactive-sensins?, In: 2008 IEEE international performance, computing and communications conference, pp 343-348","DOI":"10.1109\/PCCC.2008.4745128"},{"issue":"1","key":"1477_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1080\/21680566.2022.2062481","volume":"11","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y, Luo X, Bai D (2023) Passenger congestion alleviation in large hub airport ground-access system based on queueing theory. Transportmetr B Transp Dyn 11(1):257\u2013278","journal-title":"Transportmetr B Transp Dyn"},{"issue":"1","key":"1477_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2747\/1\/012009","volume":"2747","author":"R Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu R, Xue R, Miao Q, Xie W, Yu J, Liu T (2024) Multiple table models based on queuing theory for firefighting traffic problems. J Phys Conf Ser 2747(1):012009","journal-title":"J Phys Conf Ser"},{"issue":"1","key":"1477_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-023-05287-5","volume":"328","author":"A Ala","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ala A, Yazdani M, Ahmadi M, Poorianasab A, Attari MYN (2023) An efficient healthcare chain design for resolving the patient scheduling problem: queuing theory and MILP-ASA optimization approach. Ann Oper Res 328(1):3\u201333","journal-title":"Ann Oper Res"},{"key":"1477_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106326","volume":"142","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu Y, Dehghani E, Jabalameli MS, Diabat A, Lu C (2020) A coordinated location-inventory problem with supply disruptions: a two-phase queuing theory-optimization model approach. Comput Ind Eng 142:106326","journal-title":"Comput Ind Eng"},{"key":"1477_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"16","author":"A Bentaleb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bentaleb A, Yadav PK, Ooi WT, Zimmermann R (2020) DQ-DASH: a queuing theory approach to distributed adaptive video streaming. ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (TOMM) 16:1\u201324","journal-title":"ACM Trans Multimed Comput Commun Appl (TOMM)"},{"key":"1477_CR29","unstructured":"Zhang W, Chu H, Hao H (2004) Proactive caching strategy based on queueing theory in F-RAN, J Inf Sci Eng, 40(2)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1477_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3146","DOI":"10.3390\/en16073146","volume":"16","author":"A Oonsivilai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oonsivilai A, Boribun B, Pao-la-or P (2023) Integration of distributed generation and plug-in electric vehicles on power distribution system by using queuing theory. Energies 16(7):3146","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"1477_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.06.014","volume":"148","author":"Z He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He Z, Xu Y, Liu D, Zhou W, Li K (2023) Energy-efficient computation offloading strategy with task priority in cloud assisted multi-access edge computing. Futur Gener Comput Syst 148:298\u2013313","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"1477_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han Z, Zhou T, Xu T, Hu H (2023) Joint user association and deployment optimization for delay-minimized UAV-aided MEC networks, IEEE Wireless Commun Lett","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3294749"},{"key":"1477_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72746","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3403721","volume":"12","author":"S Islam","year":"2024","unstructured":"Islam S, Ahammed M, Siddique NA, Roy P, Razzaque MA, Hassan MM, Saleem K (2024) A hyper-heuristic approach for quality of experience aware service placement scheme in 5G mobile edge computing. IEEE Access 12:72746\u201372765","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1477_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2019.12.005","volume":"150","author":"P Roy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roy P, Tahsin A, Sarker S, Adhikary T, Razzaque MA, Hassan MM (2020) User mobility and quality-of-experience aware placement of virtual network functions in 5G. Comput Commun 150:367\u2013377","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"key":"1477_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-023-00570-z","volume":"13","author":"N Nujhat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nujhat N, Haque Shanta F, Sarker S, Roy P, Razzaque MA, Mamun-Or-Rashi M, Hassan MM, Fortino G (2024) Task offloading exploiting grey wolf optimization in collaborative edge computing. J Cloud Comput 13:23","journal-title":"J Cloud Comput"},{"issue":"8","key":"1477_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6568","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3151131","volume":"21","author":"SW Ko","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ko SW, Kim SJ, Jung H, Choi SW (2022) Computation offloading and service caching for mobile edge computing under personalized service preference. IEEE Trans Wireless Commun 21(8):6568\u20136583","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wireless Commun"},{"key":"1477_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2021.102167","volume":"118","author":"Z Kuang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuang Z, Ma Z, Li Z, Deng X (2021) Cooperative computation offloading and resource allocation for delay minimization in mobile edge computing. J Syst Architect 118:102167","journal-title":"J Syst Architect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1477_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1700441","volume":"26","author":"Z Ning","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ning Z, Huang J, Wang X (2019) Vehicular fog computing: enabling real-time traffic management for smart cities. IEEE Wirel Commun 26(1):87\u201393","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Commun"},{"key":"1477_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108177","volume":"195","author":"F Saeik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saeik F, Avgeris M, Spatharakis D, Santi N, Dechouniotis D, Violos J, Leivadeas A, Athanasopoulos N, Mitton N, Papavassiliou S (2021) Task offloading in edge and cloud computing: a survey on mathematical, artificial intelligence and control theory solutions. Comput Netw 195:108177","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"issue":"8","key":"1477_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9113","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3225313","volume":"19","author":"S Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong S, Xia Y, Kamruzzaman J (2022) Quantum particle swarm optimization for task offloading in mobile edge computing. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 19(8):9113\u20139122","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"}],"container-title":["Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-025-01477-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00607-025-01477-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00607-025-01477-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T08:13:55Z","timestamp":1748247235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00607-025-01477-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00607-025-01477-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-485X","type":"print"},{"value":"1436-5057","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no Conflict of interest to this work. We declare that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a Conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}],"article-number":"117"}}