{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T04:15:55Z","timestamp":1759032955028},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]],"date-time":"2015-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1426636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Requirements Eng"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00766-015-0224-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,17]],"date-time":"2015-03-17T04:22:38Z","timestamp":1426566158000},"page":"215-232","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["TiQi: answering unstructured natural language trace queries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Pruski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sugandha","family":"Lohar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Goss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Rasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Cleland-Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"224_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2012.71","volume":"39","author":"N Ali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ali N, Gu\u00e9h\u00e9neuc Y-G, Antoniol G (2013) Trustrace: mining software repositories to improve the accuracy of requirement traceability links. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 39(5):725\u2013741","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Softw Eng"},{"key":"224_CR2","unstructured":"Androutsopoulos I, Ritchie G (2000) Database interfaces. In: Handbook of natural language processing, Marcel Dekker Inc. pp 209\u2013240"},{"key":"224_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cleland-Huang J, Gotel O, Hayes JH, M\u00e4der P, Zisman A (2014) Software traceability: trends and future directions. In: Proceedings of the on future of software engineering, FOSE 2014, Hyderabad, India, May 31\u2013June 7, 2014, pp 55\u201369","DOI":"10.1145\/2593882.2593891"},{"key":"224_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cleland-Huang J, Heimdahl MPE, Hayes JH, Lutz RR, Maeder P (2012) Trace queries for safety requirements in high assurance systems. In: Proceedings of requirements engineering: foundation for software quality\u201318th international working conference, REFSQ 2012, Essen, Germany, March 19\u201322, 2012, pp 179\u2013193","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28714-5_16"},{"key":"224_CR5","unstructured":"Collaborative lifecycle management: design, test, analyze, develop, deliver, integrated by design, Accessed 9\/6\/2013"},{"key":"224_CR6","unstructured":"Cormen T, Leiserson C, Rivest R, Stein C (eds) Introduction to algorithms (2nd ed.). MIT Press and McGrawHill (2001)"},{"key":"224_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czauderna A, Cleland-Huang J, \u00c7inar M, Berenbach B (2012) Just-in-time traceability for mechatronics systems. In: Second IEEE international workshop on requirements engineering for systems, services, and systems-of-systems, RESS 2012, Chicago, IL, September 25, 2012, pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/RES4.2012.6347691"},{"key":"224_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frost RA, Amour BS, Fortier RJ (2013) An event based denotational semantics for natural language queries to data represented in triple stores. In: 2013 IEEE seventh international conference on semantic computing, Irvine, CA, September 16\u201318, 2013, pp 142\u2013145","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSC.2013.33"},{"issue":"4","key":"224_CR9","first-page":"23","volume":"21","author":"MH G\u00f6ker","year":"2007","unstructured":"G\u00f6ker MH, Thompson CA, Araj\u00e4rvi S, Hua K (2007) Connecting people with questions to people with answers. KI 21(4):23\u201326","journal-title":"KI"},{"key":"224_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-2239-5_1","volume-title":"Software and systems traceability","author":"O Gotel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gotel O, Cleland-Huang J, Huffman Hayes J, Zisman A, Egyed A, Grnbacher P, Dekhtyar A, Antoniol G, Maletic J, Mder P (2012) Traceability fundamentals. In: Cleland-Huang J, Gotel O, Zisman A (eds) Software and systems traceability. Springer, London, pp 3\u201322"},{"key":"224_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gotel OCZ, Finkelstein A (1994) An analysis of the requirements traceability problem. In: Proceedings of the first IEEE international conference on requirements engineering, ICRE \u201994, Colorado Springs, Colorado, April 18\u201321, 1994, pp 94\u2013101","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRE.1994.292398"},{"key":"224_CR12","unstructured":"Gouv\u00eaa E, Moreno-Daniel A, Reddy A, Chengalvarayan R, Thomson DL, Ljolje A (2013) The at&t speech API: a study on practical challenges for customized speech to text service. In: INTERSPEECH 2013, 14th annual conference of the international speech communication association, Lyon, France, August 25\u201329, 2013, pp 2071\u20132073"},{"key":"224_CR13","first-page":"376","volume-title":"Model driven engineering languages and systems, volume 6394 of lecture notes in computer science","author":"E Guerra","year":"2010","unstructured":"Guerra E, de Lara J, Kolovos D, Paige R (2010) Inter-modelling: from theory to practice. In: Petriu D, Rouquette N, Haugen \u00d8 (eds) Model driven engineering languages and systems, volume 6394 of lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 376\u2013391. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-642-16145-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"224_CR14","first-page":"193","volume":"3","author":"JH Hayes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hayes JH, Dekhtyar A, Sundaram SK, Holbrook EA, Vadlamudi S, April A (2007) Requirements tracing on target (retro): improving software maintenance through traceability recovery. ISSE 3(3):193\u2013202","journal-title":"ISSE"},{"issue":"1","key":"224_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1145\/2500887","volume":"57","author":"X Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang X, Baker J, Reddy R (2014) A historical perspective of speech recognition. Commun ACM 57(1):94\u2013103","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"224_CR16","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Conceptual modeling for novel application domains, volume 2814 of lecture notes in computer science","author":"H Jaakkola","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jaakkola H, Thalheim B (2003) Visual sql: high-quality er-based query treatment. In: Jeusfeld M, Pastor \u00d3 (eds) Conceptual modeling for novel application domains, volume 2814 of lecture notes in computer science. Springer, Berlin, pp 129\u2013139. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-540-39597-3"},{"key":"224_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarke M, Krause J, Vassiliou Y (1986) Studies in the evaluation of a domain-independent natural language query system. In: Cooperative interfaces to information systems. Springer, pp 101\u2013130","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-82815-7_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"224_CR18","first-page":"34","volume":"8","author":"M Jarke","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jarke M, Krause J, Vassiliou Y, Stohr EA, Turner JA, White NH (1985) Evaluation and assessment of a domain-independent natural language query system. IEEE Database Eng Bull 8(3):34\u201344","journal-title":"IEEE Database Eng Bull"},{"key":"224_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380180302","volume":"18","author":"H-J Kim","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kim H-J, Korth HF, Silberschatz A (1988) PICASSO: a graphical query language. Softw Pract Exp 18:169\u2013203","journal-title":"Softw Pract Exp"},{"key":"224_CR20","unstructured":"Lempia DL, Miller SP (2009) Requirements engineering management handbook. National Technical Information Service (NTIS)"},{"key":"224_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Yang H, Jagadish HV (2006) Term disambiguation in natural language query for XML. In: Flexible query answering systems, 7th International Conference, FQAS 2006, Milan, Italy, June 7\u201310, 2006, Proceedings, pp 133\u2013146","DOI":"10.1007\/11766254_12"},{"key":"224_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin J, Lin CC, Cleland-Huang J, Settimi R, Amaya J, Bedford G, Berenbach B, Khadra OB, Duan C, Zou X (2006) Poirot: a distributed tool supporting enterprise-wide automated traceability. In: 14th IEEE international conference on requirements engineering (RE 2006), 11\u201315 September 2006. Minneapolis\/St. Paul, Minnesota, pp 356\u2013357","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2006.48"},{"issue":"11","key":"224_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.986","volume":"40","author":"AD Lucia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lucia AD, Fasano F, Oliveto R, Tortora G (2010) Fine-grained management of software artefacts: the ADAMS system. Softw Pract Exp 40(11):1007\u20131034","journal-title":"Softw Pract Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"224_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-012-0237-0","volume":"12","author":"P M\u00e4der","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00e4der P, Cleland-Huang J (2013) A visual language for modeling and executing traceability queries. Softw Syst Model 12(3):537\u2013553","journal-title":"Softw Syst Model"},{"issue":"3","key":"224_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1109\/MS.2013.60","volume":"30","author":"P M\u00e4der","year":"2013","unstructured":"M\u00e4der P, Jones PL, Zhang Y, Cleland-Huang J (2013) Strategic traceability for safety-critical projects. IEEE Softw 30(3):58\u201366","journal-title":"IEEE Softw"},{"key":"224_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maletic JI, Collard ML (2009) Tql: a query language to support traceability. In: TEFSE \u201909: Proceedings of the 2009 ICSE workshop on traceability in emerging forms of software engineering. Washington, DC, IEEE Computer Society, pp 16\u201320","DOI":"10.1109\/TEFSE.2009.5069577"},{"issue":"1","key":"224_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1109\/69.979980","volume":"14","author":"HH Meng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Meng HH, Siu KC (2002) Semiautomatic acquisition of semantic structures for understanding domain-specific natural language queries. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 14(1):172\u2013181","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"224_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10579-007-9044-6","volume":"41","author":"GA Miller","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miller GA, Fellbaum C (2007) Wordnet then and now. Lang Resour Eval 41(2):209\u2013214","journal-title":"Lang Resour Eval"},{"issue":"3","key":"224_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2009.10.007","volume":"69","author":"M Minock","year":"2010","unstructured":"Minock M (2010) C-phrase: a system for building robust natural language interfaces to databases. Data Knowl Eng 69(3):290\u2013302","journal-title":"Data Knowl Eng"},{"key":"224_CR30","unstructured":"Popescu A-M, Etzioni O, Kautz HA (2003) Towards a theory of natural language interfaces to databases. In: IUI, pp 149\u2013157"},{"key":"224_CR31","unstructured":"Post from HP Quality Center Support Forum (2009) http:\/\/h30499.www3.hp.com\/t5\/ITRC-Quality-Center-Forum\/traceability-query\/m-p\/4505026 ., Accessed 1\/18\/2015"},{"key":"224_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pruski P, Lohar S, Aquanette R, Ott G, Amornborvornwong S, Rasin A, Cleland-Huang J (2014) Tiqi: Towards natural language trace queries. In: IEEE 22nd international requirements engineering conference, RE 2014, Karlskrona, Sweden, August 25\u201329, 2014, pp 123\u2013132","DOI":"10.1109\/RE.2014.6912254"},{"key":"224_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rempel P, M\u00e4der P, Kuschke T, Cleland-Huang J (2014) Mind the gap: assessing the conformance of software traceability to relevant guidelines. In: 36th international conference on software engineering (ICSE)","DOI":"10.1145\/2568225.2568290"},{"key":"224_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rempel P, M\u00e4der P, Kuschke T, Philippow I (2013) Requirements traceability across organizational boundaries - a survey and taxonomy. In: Proceedings of requirements engineering: foundation for software quality: 19th international working conference, REFSQ 2013, Essen, Germany, April 8\u201311, 2013, pp 125\u2013140","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37422-7_10"},{"key":"224_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shwartz SP (1982) Problems with domain-independent natural language database access systems. In: Proceedings of the 20th annual meeting on association for computational linguistics, ACL \u201982, Stroudsburg, PA. Association for Computational Linguistics,pp 60\u201362","DOI":"10.3115\/981251.981265"},{"key":"224_CR36","unstructured":"Silveira N, Dozat T, de Marneffe M, Bowman SR, Connor M, Bauer J, Manning CD (2014) A gold standard dependency corpus for english. In: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC-2014), Reykjavik, Iceland, May 26\u201331, 2014, pp 2897\u20132904"},{"issue":"1","key":"224_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvlc.2010.11.004","volume":"22","author":"H St\u00f6rrle","year":"2011","unstructured":"St\u00f6rrle H (2011) VMQL: a visual language for ad-hoc model querying. J Vis Lang Comput 22(1):3\u201329","journal-title":"J Vis Lang Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"224_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2307\/248746","volume":"7","author":"Y Vassiliou","year":"1983","unstructured":"Vassiliou Y, Jarke M, Stohr E, Turner J, White N (1983) Natural language for database queries: a laboratory study. MIS Q 7(4):47\u201361","journal-title":"MIS Q"},{"issue":"4","key":"224_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10270-009-0145-0","volume":"9","author":"S Winkler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Winkler S, von Pilgrim J (2010) A survey of traceability in requirements engineering and model-driven development. Softw Syst Model 9(4):529\u2013565","journal-title":"Softw Syst Model"},{"key":"224_CR40","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Witte R, Rilling J, Haarslev V (2006) An ontology-based approach for the recovery of traceability links. In: 3rd International workshop on metamodels, schemas, grammars, and ontologies for reverse engineering (ATEM 2006), Genoa, Italy, October 1st"},{"key":"224_CR41","unstructured":"Zloof M. Query by example. In: Proceedings of the NCC. AFIPS"}],"container-title":["Requirements Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00766-015-0224-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00766-015-0224-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00766-015-0224-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,21]],"date-time":"2019-08-21T22:16:19Z","timestamp":1566425779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00766-015-0224-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00766-015-0224-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0947-3602","1432-010X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0947-3602","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-010X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,18]]}}}