{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T20:30:52Z","timestamp":1778531452720,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2017 - 1054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2017 - 1054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The VLDB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-021-00675-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T08:03:40Z","timestamp":1620806620000},"page":"825-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["A model and query language for temporal graph databases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ariel","family":"Debrouvier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliseo","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mat\u00edas","family":"Perazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Soliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3945-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Vaisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"675_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amagasa, T., Yoshikawa, M., Uemura, S.: A temporal data model for XML documents. In DEXA, pages 334\u2013344, (2000)","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44469-6_31"},{"key":"675_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angles, R.: A comparison of current graph database models. In: Proceedings of ICDE Workshops, Arlington, VA, USA, pp. 171\u2013177 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDEW.2012.31"},{"issue":"5","key":"675_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68:1","DOI":"10.1145\/3104031","volume":"50","author":"R Angles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Angles, R., Arenas, M., Barcel\u00f3, P., Hogan, A., Reutter, J.L., Vrgoc, D.: Foundations of modern query languages for graph databases. ACM Comput. Surv. 50(5), 68:1\u201368:40 (2017)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"675_CR4","unstructured":"Angles, R.: The property graph database model. In: Proceedings of the 12th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop on Foundations of Data Management, Cali, Colombia, May 21\u201325, 2018, Volume 2100 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR-WS.org (2018)"},{"issue":"1","key":"675_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1:1","DOI":"10.1145\/1322432.1322433","volume":"40","author":"R Angles","year":"2008","unstructured":"Angles, R., Gutierrez, C.: Survey of graph database models. ACM Comput. Surv. 40(1), 1:1\u20131:39 (2008)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"key":"675_CR6","unstructured":"Angles, R., Thakkar, H., Tomaszuk, D.: RDF and property graphs interoperability: status and issues. In: Hogan, A., Milo, T. (eds.) Proceedings of the 13th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop on Foundations of Data Management, Asunci\u00f3n, Paraguay, June 3\u20137, 2019, Volume 2369 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR-WS.org (2019)"},{"key":"675_CR7","unstructured":"Balmin, A., Papadimitriou, T., Papakonstantinou, Y.: Hypothetical queries in an OLAP environment. In: VLDB 2000, Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, September 10\u201314, 2000, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 220\u2013231. Morgan Kaufmann (2000)"},{"key":"675_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Byun, J.: Enabling time-centric computation for efficient temporal graph traversals from multiple sources. Accepted for publication, IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2020.3005672"},{"issue":"3","key":"675_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2019.2891565","volume":"32","author":"J Byun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Byun, J., Woo, S., Kim, D.: ChronoGraph: enabling temporal graph traversals for efficient information diffusion analysis over time. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 32(3), 424\u2013437 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"675_CR10","unstructured":"Campos, A., Mozzino, J., Vaisman, A.A: Towards temporal graph databases. In: Pichler, R., da Silva, A.S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 10th Alberto Mendelzon International Workshop on Foundations of Data Management, Panama City, Panama, May 8\u201310, 2016, Volume 1644 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings. CEUR-WS.org (2016)"},{"key":"675_CR11","unstructured":"Cattuto, C., Panisson, A., Quaggiotto, M.: Representing time dependent graphs in Neo4j. https:\/\/github.com\/SocioPatterns\/neo4j-dynagraph\/wiki\/Representing-time-dependent-graphs-in-Neo4j (2013)"},{"key":"675_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cattuto, C., Quaggiotto, M., Panisson, A., Averbuch, A.: Time-varying social networks in a graph database: a neo4j use case. In: First International Workshop on Graph Data Management Experiences and Systems, GRADES 2013, Co-located with SIGMOD\/PODS 2013, New York, NY, USA, June 24, 2013, p. 11 (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2484425.2484442"},{"key":"675_CR13","unstructured":"Chen, C.X., Zaniolo, C.: Universal temporal extensions for database languages. In: IEEE\/ICDE, Sydney, Australia (1999)"},{"key":"675_CR14","unstructured":"Chien, S., Tsotras, V., Zaniolo, C.: Efficient management of multiversion documents by object referencing. In: VLDB, pp. 291\u2013300, Rome, Italy (2001)"},{"issue":"2","key":"675_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1145\/249978.249980","volume":"22","author":"J Clifford","year":"1997","unstructured":"Clifford, J., Dyreson, C.E., Isakowitz, T., Jensen, C.S., Snodgrass, R.T.: On the semantics of now in databases. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 22(2), 171\u2013214 (1997)","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Database Syst."},{"key":"675_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dave, A., Jindal, A., Li, L.E., Xin, R., Gonzalez, J., Zaharia, M.: Graphframes: an integrated API for mixing graph and relational queries. In: Proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Graph Data Management Experiences and Systems, Redwood Shores, CA, USA, June 24\u201324, 2016, p. 2 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2960414.2960416"},{"key":"675_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01386390","volume":"1","author":"EW Dijkstra","year":"1959","unstructured":"Dijkstra, E.W.: A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numer. Math. 1, 269\u2013271 (1959)","journal-title":"Numer. Math."},{"key":"675_CR18","unstructured":"Elmasri, R., Kim, Y.-J., Wuu, G.T.J.: Efficient implementation techniques for the time index. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Data Engineering, April 8\u201312, 1991, Kobe, Japan, pp. 102\u2013111. IEEE Computer Society (1991)"},{"key":"675_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Etzion, O., Jajodia, S., Sripada, S.M. (eds.): Temporal Databases: Research and Practice (the book grow out of a Dagstuhl Seminar, June 23\u201327, 1997), Volume 1399 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer (1998)","DOI":"10.1007\/BFb0053695"},{"key":"675_CR20","unstructured":"Francis, N., Green, A., Guagliardo, P., Libkin, L., Lindaaker, T., Marsault, V., Plantikow, S., Rydberg, M., Schuster, M., Selmer, P., Taylor, A.: Formal semantics of the language cypher (2018). CoRR arXiv:1802.09984"},{"key":"675_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Francis, N., Green, A., Guagliardo, P., Libkin, L., Lindaaker, T., Marsault, V., Plantikow, S., Rydberg, M., Selmer, P., Taylor, A.: Cypher: an evolving query language for property graphs. In: Das, G., Jermaine, C.M., Bernstein, P.A. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD Conference 2018, Houston, TX, USA, June 10\u201315, 2018, pp. 1433\u20131445. ACM (2018)","DOI":"10.1145\/3183713.3190657"},{"issue":"4","key":"675_CR22","first-page":"24","volume":"5","author":"M Golfarelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Golfarelli, M., Rizzi, S.: What-if simulation modeling in business intelligence. IJDWM 5(4), 24\u201343 (2009)","journal-title":"IJDWM"},{"key":"675_CR23","unstructured":"Grandi, F.: T-SPARQL: a tsql2-like temporal query language for RDF. In: Ivanovic, M., Thalheim, B., Catania, B., Budimac, Z., (eds.) Local Proceedings of the Fourteenth East-European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems, Novi Sad, Serbia, September 20\u201324, 2010, Volume 639 of CEUR Workshop Proceedings, pp. 21\u201330. CEUR-WS.org (2010)"},{"key":"675_CR24","unstructured":"Green, A.: Gql\u2014initiating an industry standard property graph query language (2018)"},{"key":"675_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez, C., Hurtado, C.A., Vaisman, A.A.: Temporal RDF. In: G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez, A., Euzenat, J. (eds.) The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, Second European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2005, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 29\u2013June 1, 2005, Proceedings, Volume 3532 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 93\u2013107. Springer (2005)","DOI":"10.1007\/11431053_7"},{"issue":"2","key":"675_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2007.34","volume":"19","author":"C Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez, C., Hurtado, C.A., Vaisman, A.A.: Introducing time into RDF. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 19(2), 207\u2013218 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"675_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, W., Miao, Y., Li, K., Wu, M., Yang, F., Zhou, L., Prabhakaran, V., Chen, W., Chen, E.: Chronos: A graph engine for temporal graph analysis. In: Eurosys, pp. 1\u201314 (2014)","DOI":"10.1145\/2592798.2592799"},{"key":"675_CR28","unstructured":"Hartig, O.: Reconciliation of RDF* and property graphs (2014). CoRR arXiv:1409.3288"},{"key":"675_CR29","unstructured":"Hartig, O.: Position statement: the rdf* and sparql* approach to annotate statements in rdf and to reconcile rdf and property graphs (2019)"},{"key":"675_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan, M.S., Aref, W.G., Aly, A.M.: Graph indexing for shortest-path finding over dynamic sub-graphs. In: \u00d6zcan, F., Koutrika, G., Madden, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD Conference 2016, San Francisco, CA, USA, June 26\u2013July 1, 2016, pp. 1183\u20131197. ACM (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2882903.2882933"},{"key":"675_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, H., Sing, A.K: Query language and access methods for graph databases. In: Managing and Mining Graph Data, Volume 40 of Advances in Database Systems, pp. 125\u2013160. Springer US (2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6045-0_4"},{"key":"675_CR32","unstructured":"Huang, S., Cheng, J., Wu, H.: Temporal graph traversals: definitions, algorithms, and applications (2014). CoRR arXiv:1401.1919"},{"key":"675_CR33","unstructured":"Huo, W., Tsotras, V.J.: Efficient temporal shortest path queries on evolving social graphs. In: Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management, SSDBM, Aalborg, Denmark, June 30\u2013July 2, 2014, pp. 38:1\u201338:4 (2014)"},{"key":"675_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, T., Kanza, Y., Lakshmanan, L.V.S., Shkapenyuk, V.: Nepal: a path query language for communication networks. In: Arora, A., Roy, S., Mehta, S. (eds.) Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGMOD Workshop on Network Data Analytics, NDA@SIGMOD 2016, San Francisco, California, USA, July 1, 2016, pp. 6:1\u20136:8. ACM (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2980523.2980530"},{"key":"675_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khurana, U., Deshpande, A.: Efficient snapshot retrieval over historical graph data (2012). CoRR arxiv:1207.5777","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2013.6544892"},{"key":"675_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khurana, U., Deshpande, A.: HiNGE: enabling temporal analytics at scale. In: Proceedings of SIGMOD, NY, USA (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2463676.2465262"},{"key":"675_CR37","unstructured":"Kostakos, V.: Temporal graphs (2008). CoRR arxiv:0807.2357"},{"issue":"3","key":"675_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1145\/2380776.2380786","volume":"41","author":"KG Kulkarni","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kulkarni, K.G., Michels, J.-E.: Temporal features in SQL: 2011. SIGMOD Rec. 41(3), 34\u201343 (2012)","journal-title":"SIGMOD Rec."},{"key":"675_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kusu, K., Hatano, K.: Recurrent path index for efficient graph traversal. In: 2019 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data), Los Angeles, CA, USA, December 9\u201312, 2019, pp. 6107\u20136109. IEEE (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData47090.2019.9006295"},{"key":"675_CR40","unstructured":"Lazarevic, L.: Keeping track of graph changes using temporal versioning. https:\/\/medium.com\/neo4j\/keeping-track-of- graph-changes-using-temporal-versioning-3b0f854536fa (2019)"},{"key":"675_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pokorn\u00fd, J., Valenta, M., Troup, M.: Indexing patterns in graph databases. In: Bernardino, J., Quix, C. (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Data Science, Technology and Applications, DATA 2018, Porto, Portugal, July 26\u201328, 2018, pp. 313\u2013321. SciTePress (2018)","DOI":"10.5220\/0006826903130321"},{"issue":"5","key":"675_CR42","first-page":"39","volume":"1179\u20131212","author":"F Rizzolo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rizzolo, F., Vaisman, A.: Temporal XML: modeling, indexing, and query processing. VLDB J. 1179\u20131212(5), 39\u201365 (2008)","journal-title":"VLDB J."},{"key":"675_CR43","volume-title":"Graph Databases","author":"I Robinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Robinson, I., Webber, J.: Graph Databases. O\u2019Reilly Media, Sebastopol (2013)"},{"key":"675_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodriguez, M.A.: The gremlin graph traversal machine and language (invited talk). In: Cheney, J., Neumann, T. (eds.) Proceedings of the 15th Symposium on Database Programming Languages, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, October 25\u201330, 2015, pp. 1\u201310. ACM (2015)","DOI":"10.1145\/2815072.2815073"},{"key":"675_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semertzidis, K., Pitoura, E.: Top-k durable graph pattern queries on temporal graphs. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 31(1), 181\u2013194 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2018.2823754"},{"key":"675_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Snodgrass, R.T. (ed.): The TSQL2 Temporal Query Language. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1995)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-2289-8"},{"key":"675_CR47","volume-title":"Temporal Databases: Theory, Design and Implementation","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tansel, A., Clifford, J., Gadia, S. (eds.): Temporal Databases: Theory, Design and Implementation. Benjamin\/Cummings, New York (1993)"},{"key":"675_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tappolet, J., Bernstein, A.: Applied temporal RDF: efficient temporal querying of RDF data with SPARQL. In: The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, 6th European Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2009, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, May 31\u2013June 4, 2009, Proceedings, Volume 5554 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 308\u2013322. Springer (2009)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-02121-3_25"},{"issue":"5","key":"675_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2004.1277816","volume":"16","author":"P Terenziani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Terenziani, P., Snodgrass, R.T.: Reconciling point-based and interval-based semantics in temporal relational databases: a treatment of the telic\/atelic distinction. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 16(5), 540\u2013551 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"675_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thakkar, H., Angles, R., Tomaszuk, D., Lehmann, J.: Direct mappings between RDF and property graph databases (2019). CoRR arXiv:1912.02127","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2993117"},{"issue":"9","key":"675_CR51","first-page":"721","volume":"7","author":"H Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu, H., Cheng, J., Huang, S., Ke, Y., Yi, L., Yanyan, X.: Path problems in temporal graphs. PVLDB 7(9), 721\u2013732 (2014)","journal-title":"PVLDB"},{"issue":"11","key":"675_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2927","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2016.2594065","volume":"28","author":"H Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, H., Cheng, J., Ke, Y., Huang, S., Huang, Y., Hejun, W.: Efficient algorithms for temporal path computation. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 28(11), 2927\u20132942 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng."},{"key":"675_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Cheng, J., Lu, Y., Ke, Y., Huang, Y., Yan, D., Wu, H.: Core decomposition in large temporal graphs. In: 2015 IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Big Data 2015, Santa Clara, CA, USA, October 29\u2013November 1, 2015, pp. 649\u2013658 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData.2015.7363809"},{"key":"675_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, H., Huang, Y., Cheng, J., Li, J., Ke, Y.: Reachability and time-based path queries in temporal graphs. In: 32nd IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2016, Helsinki, Finland, May 16\u201320, 2016, pp. 145\u2013156 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2016.7498236"},{"key":"675_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Yan, D., Wu, H., Cheng, J., Zhou, S., Lui, J.C.S.: Diversified temporal subgraph pattern mining. In: Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, San Francisco, CA, USA, August 13\u201317, 2016, pp. 1965\u20131974 (2016)","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939848"}],"container-title":["The VLDB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00778-021-00675-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00778-021-00675-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00778-021-00675-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T10:33:34Z","timestamp":1628591614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00778-021-00675-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["675"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00778-021-00675-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8888","0949-877X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1066-8888","type":"print"},{"value":"0949-877X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}