{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T09:17:57Z","timestamp":1765531077588,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The VLDB Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-025-00948-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T15:31:39Z","timestamp":1761147099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cohort query processing without misleading aging effects"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Pengkai","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2924-6974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongle","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidan","family":"Shou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"948_CR1","unstructured":"Retention overview report. https:\/\/support.google.com\/analytics\/answer\/11004084?sjid=442907505523173594-AP (2024)"},{"key":"948_CR2","unstructured":"Cohort analysis. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cohort_analysis (2024)"},{"key":"948_CR3","unstructured":"Cohort Analysis: Reduce Churn & Improve Retention. https:\/\/amplitude.com\/blog\/cohorts-to-improve-your-retention (2024)"},{"key":"948_CR4","unstructured":"Internet Usage Statistics In 2024. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/home-improvement\/internet\/internet-statistics\/ (2024)"},{"key":"948_CR5","unstructured":"Retention. https:\/\/mixpanel.com\/retention\/ (2024)"},{"key":"948_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abadi, D.J., Madden, S., Ferreira, M.: Integrating compression and execution in column-oriented database systems. In: S.\u00a0Chaudhuri, V.\u00a0Hristidis, N.\u00a0Polyzotis (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, Chicago, Illinois, USA, June 27-29, 2006, pp. 671\u2013682. ACM (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1142473.1142548","DOI":"10.1145\/1142473.1142548"},{"key":"948_CR7","unstructured":"Agarwal, S., Agrawal, R., Deshpande, P., Gupta, A., Naughton, J.F., Ramakrishnan, R., Sarawagi, S.: On the computation of multidimensional aggregates. In: T.M. Vijayaraman, A.P. Buchmann, C.\u00a0Mohan, N.L. Sarda (eds.) VLDB\u201996, Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, September 3-6, 1996, Mumbai (Bombay), India, pp. 506\u2013521. Morgan Kaufmann (1996). http:\/\/www.vldb.org\/conf\/1996\/P506.PDF"},{"key":"948_CR8","unstructured":"Amer-Yahia, S., Johnson, T.: Optimizing queries on compressed bitmaps. In: A.E. Abbadi, M.L. Brodie, S.\u00a0Chakravarthy, U.\u00a0Dayal, N.\u00a0Kamel, G.\u00a0Schlageter, K.\u00a0Whang (eds.) VLDB 2000, Proceedings of 26th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, September 10-14, 2000, Cairo, Egypt, pp. 329\u2013338. Morgan Kaufmann (2000). http:\/\/www.vldb.org\/conf\/2000\/P329.pdf"},{"key":"948_CR9","unstructured":"Boncz, P.A., Zukowski, M., Nes, N.: Monetdb\/x100: Hyper-pipelining query execution. In: Second Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research, CIDR 2005, Asilomar, CA, USA, January 4-7, 2005, Online Proceedings, pp. 225\u2013237. www.cidrdb.org (2005). http:\/\/cidrdb.org\/cidr2005\/papers\/P19.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"948_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.14778\/3204028.3204033","volume":"11","author":"Q Cai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cai, Q., Xie, Z., Chen, G., Jagadish, H.V., Ooi, B.C., Zhang, M.: Effective temporal dependence discovery in time series data. Proc. VLDB Endow. 11(8), 893\u2013905 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3204028.3204033","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"948_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cai, Q., Zheng, K., Jagadish, H.V., Ooi, B.C., Yip, J.W.L.: Cohortnet: Empowering cohort discovery for interpretable healthcare analytics. CoRR arXiv:abs\/2406.14015 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/ARXIV.2406.14015","DOI":"10.48550\/ARXIV.2406.14015"},{"key":"948_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Glenn, N.D.: Cohort analysis, vol.\u00a05. Sage (2005)","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983662"},{"key":"948_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gray, J., Bosworth, A., Layman, A., Pirahesh, H.: Data cube: A relational aggregation operator generalizing group-by, cross-tab, and sub-total. In: S.Y.W. Su (ed.) Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Data Engineering, February 26 - March 1, 1996, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, pp. 152\u2013159. IEEE Computer Society (1996). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE.1996.492099","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.1996.492099"},{"issue":"11","key":"948_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.14778\/2350229.2350259","volume":"5","author":"A Hall","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hall, A., Bachmann, O., B\u00fcssow, R., Ganceanu, S., Nunkesser, M.: Processing a trillion cells per mouse click. Proc. VLDB Endow. 5(11), 1436\u20131446 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/2350229.2350259","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"issue":"1","key":"948_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.14778\/3015270.3015271","volume":"10","author":"D Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang, D., Cai, Q., Chen, G., Jagadish, H.V., Ooi, B.C., Tan, K., Tung, A.K.H.: Cohort query processing. Proc. VLDB Endow. 10(1), 1\u201312 (2016)","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"key":"948_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joglekar, M., Garcia-Molina, H., Parameswaran, A.G.: Interactive data exploration with smart drill-down. In: 32nd IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2016, Helsinki, Finland, May 16-20, 2016, pp. 906\u2013917. IEEE Computer Society (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE.2016.7498300","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2016.7498300"},{"key":"948_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, Y., Patel, J.M.: Bitweaving: fast scans for main memory data processing. In: K.A. Ross, D.\u00a0Srivastava, D.\u00a0Papadias (eds.) Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD 2013, New York, NY, USA, June 22-27, 2013, pp. 289\u2013300. ACM (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2463676.2465322","DOI":"10.1145\/2463676.2465322"},{"issue":"1","key":"948_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.14778\/3485450.3485457","volume":"15","author":"Y Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin, Y., Youngmann, B., Moskovitch, Y., Jagadish, H.V., Milo, T.: On detecting cherry-picked generalizations. Proc. VLDB Endow. 15(1), 59\u201371 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14778\/3485450.3485457","journal-title":"Proc. VLDB Endow."},{"issue":"3","key":"948_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/S007780000031","volume":"9","author":"S Manegold","year":"2000","unstructured":"Manegold, S., Boncz, P.A., Kersten, M.L.: Optimizing database architecture for the new bottleneck: memory access. VLDB J. 9(3), 231\u2013246 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S007780000031","journal-title":"VLDB J."},{"issue":"11","key":"948_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1145\/3500923","volume":"65","author":"Y Moskovitch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moskovitch, Y., Jagadish, H.V.: Reliability at multiple stages in a data analysis pipeline. Commun. ACM 65(11), 118\u2013128 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3500923","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"issue":"6","key":"948_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/S00778-020-00625-6","volume":"29","author":"B Omidvar-Tehrani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Omidvar-Tehrani, B., Amer-Yahia, S., Lakshmanan, L.V.S.: Cohort analytics: efficiency and applicability. VLDB J. 29(6), 1527\u20131550 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00778-020-00625-6","journal-title":"VLDB J."},{"key":"948_CR22","unstructured":"Staudt, M., Jarke, M.: Incremental maintenance of externally materialized views. In: T.M. Vijayaraman, A.P. Buchmann, C.\u00a0Mohan, N.L. Sarda (eds.) VLDB\u201996, Proceedings of 22th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, September 3-6, 1996, Mumbai (Bombay), India, pp. 75\u201386. Morgan Kaufmann (1996). http:\/\/www.vldb.org\/conf\/1996\/P075.PDF"},{"key":"948_CR23","unstructured":"Stonebraker, M., Abadi, D.J., Batkin, A., Chen, X., Cherniack, M., Ferreira, M., Lau, E., Lin, A., Madden, S., O\u2019Neil, E.J., O\u2019Neil, P.E., Rasin, A., Tran, N., Zdonik, S.B.: C-store: A column-oriented DBMS. In: K.\u00a0B\u00f6hm, C.S. Jensen, L.M. Haas, M.L. Kersten, P.\u00a0Larson, B.C. Ooi (eds.) Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Trondheim, Norway, August 30 - September 2, 2005, pp. 553\u2013564. ACM (2005). http:\/\/www.vldb.org\/archives\/website\/2005\/program\/paper\/thu\/p553-stonebraker.pdf"},{"issue":"3","key":"948_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1145\/362084.362137","volume":"29","author":"T Westmann","year":"2000","unstructured":"Westmann, T., Kossmann, D., Helmer, S., Moerkotte, G.: The implementation and performance of compressed databases. SIGMOD Rec. 29(3), 55\u201367 (2000). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/362084.362137","journal-title":"SIGMOD Rec."},{"key":"948_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Cai, Q., He, F., Ooi, G.Y., Huang, W., Ooi, B.C.: Cohort analysis with ease. In: G.\u00a0Das, C.M. Jermaine, P.A. Bernstein (eds.) Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Management of Data, SIGMOD Conference 2018, Houston, TX, USA, June 10-15, 2018, pp. 1737\u20131740. ACM (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3183713.3193540","DOI":"10.1145\/3183713.3193540"},{"key":"948_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Ying, H., Yue, C., Zhang, M., Chen, G., Ooi, B.C.: Cool, a cohort online analytical processing system. In: 36th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2020, Dallas, TX, USA, April 20-24, 2020, pp. 577\u2013588. IEEE (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE48307.2020.00056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE48307.2020.00056","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE48307.2020.00056"},{"key":"948_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Deshpande, P., Naughton, J.F.: An array-based algorithm for simultaneous multidimensional aggregates. In: J.\u00a0Peckham (ed.) SIGMOD 1997, Proceedings ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, May 13-15, 1997, Tucson, Arizona, USA, pp. 159\u2013170. ACM Press (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/253260.253288","DOI":"10.1145\/253260.253288"},{"key":"948_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zukowski, M., H\u00e9man, S., Nes, N., Boncz, P.A.: Super-scalar RAM-CPU cache compression. In: L.\u00a0Liu, A.\u00a0Reuter, K.\u00a0Whang, J.\u00a0Zhang (eds.) Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering, ICDE 2006, 3-8 April 2006, Atlanta, GA, USA, p.\u00a059. IEEE Computer Society (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDE.2006.150","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.2006.150"}],"container-title":["The VLDB Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00778-025-00948-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00778-025-00948-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00778-025-00948-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T09:14:10Z","timestamp":1765530850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00778-025-00948-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00778-025-00948-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1066-8888","0949-877X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1066-8888"},{"type":"electronic","value":"0949-877X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 October 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 November 2025","order":6,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":7,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised: due to the missing funding information in the article.","order":8,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"71"}}