{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T01:13:31Z","timestamp":1775092411531,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277424000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pers Ubiquit Comput"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-010-0307-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,24]],"date-time":"2010-06-24T14:40:10Z","timestamp":1277390410000},"page":"3-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["A ludological view on the pervasive mixed-reality game research paradigm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Markus","family":"Montola","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"307_CR1","volume-title":"Adult play. A reversal theory approach","author":"MJ Apter","year":"1991","unstructured":"Apter MJ (1991) A structural-phenomenology of play. In: Kerr JH, Apter MJ (eds) Adult play. A reversal theory approach. Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam"},{"key":"307_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barkhuus L, Chalmers M, Tennent P, Hall M, Bell M, Sherwood S, Brown B (2005) Picking pockets on the lawn: the development of tactics and strategies in a mobile game. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3660","DOI":"10.1007\/11551201_21"},{"key":"307_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ballagas R, Kuntze A, Walz SP (2008) Gaming tourism: lessons from evaluating REXplorer, a pervasive game for tourists. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-540-79576-6_15","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-79576-6_15"},{"key":"307_CR4","volume-title":"The game design reader. A rules of play anthology","author":"G Bateson","year":"1955","unstructured":"Bateson G (1955) A theory of play and fantasy. In: Salen K, Zimmerman E (eds) The game design reader. A rules of play anthology. The MIT Press, Massachusetts"},{"key":"307_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bell M, Chalmers M, Barkhuus L, Hall M, Sherwood S, Tennent P, Brown B, Rowland D, Benford S, Capra M, Hampshire A (2006) Interweaving mobile games with everyday life. doi: 10.1145\/1124772.1124835","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124835"},{"key":"307_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benford S, Rowland D, Flintham M, Drozd A, Hull R, Reid J, Morrison J, Facer K (2005) Life on the edge: supporting collaboration in location-based experiences. doi: 10.1145\/1054972.1055072","DOI":"10.1145\/1054972.1055072"},{"key":"307_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benford S, Crabtree A, Flintham M, Drozd A, Anastasi R, Paxton M, Tandavanitj N, Adams M, Row-Farr J (2006) Can you see me now? In: ACM transactions on computer-human interaction, vol 13, no 1, pp 100\u2013133","DOI":"10.1145\/1143518.1143522"},{"key":"307_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benford S, Crabtree A, Reeves S, Flintham M, Drozd A, Sheridan J, Dix A (2006) The frame of the game: blurring the boundary between fiction and reality in mobile experiences. doi: 10.1145\/1124772.1124836","DOI":"10.1145\/1124772.1124836"},{"key":"307_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bichard J, Brunnberg L, Combetto M, Gustafsson A, Juhlin O (2006) Backseat playgrounds: pervasive storytelling in vast location based games. doi: 10.1007\/11872320_14","DOI":"10.1007\/11872320_14"},{"key":"307_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bichard J, Waern A (2008) Pervasive play, immersion and story: designing interference. doi: 10.1145\/1413634.1413642","DOI":"10.1145\/1413634.1413642"},{"key":"307_CR11","unstructured":"Bjerver M (2006) Player behaviour in pervasive games\u2014using the city as game board in botfighters. Master\u2019s Thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm"},{"key":"307_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bj\u00f6rk S, Falk J, Hansson R, Ljungstrand P (2001) Pirates! using the physical world as a game board. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-7643-8415-9_91","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-8415-9_91"},{"key":"307_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chalmers M, MacColl I (2003) Seamful and seamless design in ubiquitous computing. In: proceedings of workshop at the crossroads: the interaction of HCI and systems issues in UbiComp","DOI":"10.1049\/ic:20030140"},{"key":"307_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chalmers M, Bell M, Brown B, Hall M, Sherwood S, Tennent P (2005) Gaming on the edge: using seams in pervasive games. doi: 10.1145\/1178477.1178533","DOI":"10.1145\/1178477.1178533"},{"key":"307_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheok AD, Fong SW, Goh KH, Yang X, Liu W, Farzbiz F (2003) Human pacman: a sensing-based mobile entertainment system with ubiquitous computing and tangible interaction. doi: 10.1145\/963900.963911","DOI":"10.1145\/963900.963911"},{"key":"307_CR16","volume-title":"Beyond boredom and anxiety. The experience of play in work and games","author":"M Cs\u00edkszentmih\u00e1lyi","year":"1975","unstructured":"Cs\u00edkszentmih\u00e1lyi M (1975) Beyond boredom and anxiety. The experience of play in work and games. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco"},{"key":"307_CR17","unstructured":"Dansey N (2008) Facilitating apophenia to augment the experience of pervasive games. In: breaking the magic circle seminar. University of Tampere, April 2008"},{"key":"307_CR18","unstructured":"Ericsson M (2003) Enchanting reality: a vision of big experiences on small platforms. In: Copier M, Raessens J (eds) Level up. Digital games research conference 4\u20136 November 2003 proceedings. Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht"},{"key":"307_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Facer K, Joiner R, Stanton D, Reid J, Hull R, Kirk D (2004) Savannah: mobile gaming and learning? In Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 20. Blackwell","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2729.2004.00105.x"},{"key":"307_CR20","unstructured":"Fischer JE, Lindt I, Stenros J (2006) Final crossmedia report (part 2): epidemic menace II evaluation report. IPerG deliverable D8.8. http:\/\/www.pervasive-gaming.org\/press1.php"},{"key":"307_CR21","unstructured":"Fischer JE, Lindt I, Stenros J (2007) Evaluation of crossmedia gaming experiences in epidemic menace. In Magerkurth C et al. (eds) Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on pervasive gaming applications"},{"key":"307_CR22","volume-title":"Encounters: two studies in the sociology of interaction","author":"E Goffman","year":"1961","unstructured":"Goffman E (1961) Encounters: two studies in the sociology of interaction. Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis"},{"key":"307_CR23","volume-title":"Frame analysis. An essay on the organization of experience","author":"E Goffman","year":"1974","unstructured":"Goffman E (1974) Frame analysis. An essay on the organization of experience. Northeastern University Press, Boston"},{"key":"307_CR24","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcter B, Oks M (2007) Situated play and mobile gaming. In: Baba A (ed) Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 situated play conference"},{"key":"307_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbst I, Braun AK, McCall R, Broll W (2008) TimeWarp: interactive time travel with a mobile mixed reality game. doi: 10.1145\/1409240.1409266","DOI":"10.1145\/1409240.1409266"},{"key":"307_CR26","unstructured":"Hielscher J, Heitlager J (2006) Wanderer\u2014location independent GPS game. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on pervasive gaming applications. http:\/\/www.ipsi.fraunhofer.de\/ambiente\/pergames2006\/final\/PG_Hielscher_Wanderer.pdf , pp 55\u201360"},{"key":"307_CR27","volume-title":"Homo Ludens. Versuch einer Bestimmung des Spielelements der Kultur. Ref. English translation (1955) Homo Ludens. A study of play element in culture","author":"J Huizinga","year":"1938","unstructured":"Huizinga J (1938) Homo Ludens. Versuch einer Bestimmung des Spielelements der Kultur. Ref. English translation (1955) Homo Ludens. A study of play element in culture. Beacon Press, Boston"},{"key":"307_CR28","unstructured":"Koivisto EMI, Ollila M (2006) How to fail: mobile game design in a research project involving software prototype development. In Game Design & Technology Workshop \u201806"},{"key":"307_CR29","unstructured":"Korhonen H, Saarenp\u00e4\u00e4 H (2008) Mythical mobile evaluation report. IPerG Deliverable D13.5. http:\/\/www.pervasive-gaming.org\/press1.php"},{"key":"307_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lankoski P, Heli\u00f6 S, Nummela J, Lahti J, M\u00e4yr\u00e4 F, Ermi L (2004) A case study in pervasive game design: the songs of north. doi: 10.1145\/1028014.1028083","DOI":"10.1145\/1028014.1028083"},{"key":"307_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lantz F (2009) PacManhattan. In: Montola M, Stenros J, Waern A (eds) Pervasive games: theory and design. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374853-9.00020-9"},{"key":"307_CR32","unstructured":"Lastowka G (2007) Rules of play. Ref. draft dated October 16, 2007"},{"key":"307_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licoppe C, Inada Y (2005) Emergent uses of a multiplayer location-aware mobile game: the interactional consequences of mediated encounters. In: http:\/\/www.parishine.com\/FTreport\/mobile\/ppt\/SpeakersPapers.pdf","DOI":"10.1080\/17450100500489221"},{"key":"307_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Licoppe C, Inada Y (2008) Geolocalized technologies, location-aware communities, and personal territories: The Mogi case. doi: 10.1080\/10630730802677905","DOI":"10.1080\/10630730802677905"},{"key":"307_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lindt I, Ohlenburg J, Pankoke-Babatz U, Ghellal S (2007) A report on the crossmedia game epidemic menace. ACM Computers in Entertainment, vol 5. No. 1, Article 8","DOI":"10.1145\/1236224.1236237"},{"key":"307_CR36","unstructured":"Martin A, Thompson B, Chatfield T (eds) (2006) Alternate reality games white paper. IGDA. http:\/\/igda.org\/arg\/whitepaper"},{"key":"307_CR37","unstructured":"McGonigal J (2003) A real little game: the pinocchio effect in pervasive play. In DiGRA 2003 conference. http:\/\/www.digra.org\/dl\/db\/05097.11067.pdf"},{"key":"307_CR38","unstructured":"McGonigal J (2006) This might be a game: ubiquitous play and performance at the turn of the 21st century. Dissertation, University of California"},{"key":"307_CR39","unstructured":"Milgram P, Kishino F (1994) A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. In IEICE transactions on information systems, vol E77-D, No. 12 (Dec 1994). http:\/\/vered.rose.utoronto.ca\/people\/paul_dir\/IEICE94\/ieice.html"},{"key":"307_CR40","unstructured":"Montola M (2005) Exploring the edge of the magic circle. Defining pervasive games. DAC 2005 conference, December 1\u20133. IT University of Copenhagen"},{"key":"307_CR41","unstructured":"Montola M (2007) Tangible pleasures of pervasive role-playing. In: Baba A (ed) Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 situated play conference. September 24\u201328. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp 178\u2013185"},{"key":"307_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montola M (2009) Games and pervasive games. In: Montola M, Stenros J, Waern A (eds) Pervasive games: theory and design. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington","DOI":"10.1201\/9780080889795"},{"key":"307_CR43","unstructured":"Montola M, Jonsson S (2006) Playing on the edge of reality. In: Frizon T, Wrigstad, T (eds) Role, play, art. Collected experiences of role-playing. F\u00f6reningen Knutpunkt, Stockholm. http:\/\/jeepen.org\/kpbook , pp 85\u201399"},{"key":"307_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montola M, Stenros J, Waern A (2009) Pervasive games: theory and design. Morgan Kaufmann","DOI":"10.1201\/9780080889795"},{"key":"307_CR45","unstructured":"Montola M, Waern A (2005) Prosopopeia evaluation report. IPerG Deliverable D11.4 (unpublished)"},{"key":"307_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781446214572","volume-title":"An Introduction to Game Studies","author":"F M\u00e4yr\u00e4","year":"2008","unstructured":"M\u00e4yr\u00e4 F (2008) An Introduction to Game Studies. Games in Culture, Sage, London"},{"key":"307_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nieuwdorp E (2007) The pervasive discourse: an analysis. In ACM computers in entertainment, vol 5, no. 2","DOI":"10.1145\/1281329.1281347"},{"key":"307_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peitz J, Bj\u00f6rk S, Saarenp\u00e4\u00e4 H (2007) Insectopia: exploring pervasive games through technology already pervasively available. doi: 10.1145\/1255047.1255069","DOI":"10.1145\/1255047.1255069"},{"key":"307_CR49","unstructured":"Poremba C (2007) Critical potential on the brink of the magic circle. In: Baba A (ed) Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 situated play conference. September 24\u201328. The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, pp 772\u2013778"},{"key":"307_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reid J (2008) Designing for coincidence. Incorporating real world artifacts in location-based games. doi: 10.1145\/1413634.1413643","DOI":"10.1145\/1413634.1413643"},{"key":"307_CR51","unstructured":"Reid J, Clayton B, Melamed T, Hull R, Stenton P, Peirce A, Gidlow C, Holmes S (2008) The design of prisoner escape from the tower: An Interactive location aware historical game. In Tate\u2019s 2008 Handheld Conference. http:\/\/tatehandheldconference.pbwiki.com\/Escape+from+the+Tower"},{"key":"307_CR52","volume-title":"The rules of play. Game design fundamentals","author":"K Salen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Salen K, Zimmerman E (2004) The rules of play. Game design fundamentals. MIT Press, Massachusetts"},{"key":"307_CR53","unstructured":"Schneider J, Kortuem G (2001) How to host a pervasive game: supporting face-to-face interactions in live-action roleplaying. Ubicomp 2001, Atlanta"},{"key":"307_CR54","unstructured":"Stenros J, Montola M, Waern A (2007) Post mortem interaction. social play modes in momentum. In: Donnis J, Gade M, Thorup L (eds) Lifelike. Knudepunkt 2007, Copenhagen, pp 131\u2013145"},{"key":"307_CR55","unstructured":"Stenros J, Montola M, Waern A, Jonsson S (2007) Momentum Evaluation Report. IPerG Deliverable D11.8C. http:\/\/www.pervasive-gaming.org\/press1.php"},{"key":"307_CR56","unstructured":"Stenros J, Montola M, Waern A, Jonsson S (2007) Play it for real. Sustained seamless life\/game merger in momentum. In: Baba A (ed) Proceedings of DiGRA 2007 situated play conference. September 24\u201328. The University of Tokyo, pp 121\u2013129"},{"key":"307_CR57","volume-title":"The game design reader. A rules of play anthology","author":"B Suits","year":"1990","unstructured":"Suits B (1990) Construction of a definition. In: Salen K, Zimmerman E (eds) The game design reader. A rules of play anthology. The MIT Press, Massachusetts"},{"key":"307_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waern A (2009) Information technology in pervasive games. In: Montola M, Stenros J, Waern A (eds) Pervasive games: theory and design. Morgan Kaufmann, Burlington","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374853-9.00008-8"},{"key":"307_CR59","first-page":"101","volume-title":"Mobile persuasion: 20 Perspectives on the future of behavior change","author":"SP Walz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walz SP (2007) Pervasive Persuasive Play: Rhetorical Game Design for the Ubicomp World. In: Fogg BJ, Eckles D (eds) Mobile persuasion: 20 Perspectives on the future of behavior change. Stanford Captology Press, Palo Alto, pp 101\u2013108"},{"key":"307_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wetzel R, Lindt I, Waern A, Jonsson S (2008) The magic lens box: simplifying the development of mixed reality games. doi: 10.1145\/1413634.1413719","DOI":"10.1145\/1413634.1413719"}],"container-title":["Personal and Ubiquitous Computing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00779-010-0307-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00779-010-0307-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00779-010-0307-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T06:26:58Z","timestamp":1740205618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00779-010-0307-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]}},"alternative-id":["307"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00779-010-0307-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1617-4909","1617-4917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1617-4909","type":"print"},{"value":"1617-4917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]]}}}