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We have deployed a system to cover urban areas served by public transportation systems as well as very isolated and rural areas. Over 4 years, we collected 572 million data points from a total of 82 routers covering an area of 2.8 km<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. In this paper we provide a systematic analysis of the data and discuss how our low-cost approach can be used to help communities and policymakers to make decisions to improve people\u2019s mobility at high temporal and spatial resolution by inferring presence characteristics against several sources of ground truth. Also, we present an automatic classification technique that can identify location types based on collected data.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00779-020-01441-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]],"date-time":"2020-09-17T14:15:13Z","timestamp":1600352113000},"page":"505-519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Passive Wi-Fi monitoring in the wild: a long-term study across multiple location typologies"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-2995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2498-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8051-3230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Nisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8823-4607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Sch\u00f6ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,17]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agust\u00ed DPI (2018) Characterizing the location of tourist images in cities. differences in user-generated images (instagram), official tourist brochures and travel guides. 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