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These documents contain crucial graphical symbols representing administrative, economic, and cultural information, which are time-consuming and error-prone to interpret manually. This research investigates image processing algorithms and deep learning models for enhancing these historical documents. Using image processing techniques, we improve symbol readability and visibility, while our deep learning approach aids in reconstructing degraded content and identifying patterns. This work contributes to improving the quality of historical document analysis, particularly for graphical symbol interpretation in paleographical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-025-00430-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T08:26:28Z","timestamp":1761121588000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["AI-driven enhancement of historical documents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Ziran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9730-8882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Mecella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6702-2277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Marinai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fdigh.2015.00005","volume":"2","author":"PA Stokes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stokes, P.A.: Digital approaches to paleography and book history: some challenges, present and future. 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