{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:24:24Z","timestamp":1780327464600,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006692","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Developing large-scale collective adaptive systems for safety-critical applications requires an extensive effort, involving the interplay of distributed programming techniques and mathematical proofs of real-time guarantees. This effort could be significantly reduced by allowing the system developer to rely on libraries of predefined algorithms. By exploiting such algorithms, distributed behaviour and (hard) real-time guarantees for the final application could be automatically inferred, effectively shifting the verification burden from the system designer to the algorithm developer. Following earlier work on real-time guarantees for aggregate computing algorithms, we argue that aggregate computing could provide a convenient framework towards this aim. As a first step, we give a detailed description of different kinds of models that can interpret corresponding classes of aggregate programs as mathematical functions. Then, building on such models, we investigate the problem of how real-time behaviour constraints can be specified in a compositional way, proposing a few composable specification patterns, and singling out a number of potential building block library algorithms that could constitute such a real-time aggregate computing library. We evaluate our proposal by means of examples, describing a series of example algorithms for each proposed model, and by investigating two possible compositions of some of them in an archetypal scenario of distributed estimation of the network diameter. In these two examples, we experimentally prove the effectiveness of the models by comparing the results of the interpretation with the simulations results, achieving a close match. Overall, the proposed framework provides a roadmap towards a real-time aggregate computing library\u00a0with the potential of providing a valuable asset for supporting the rigorous engineering of safety-critical large-scale collective adaptive systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10009-026-00860-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:14:00Z","timestamp":1774959240000},"page":"147-165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Composable models and guarantees for aggregate systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Audrito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferruccio","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Torta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"860_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-2092-6.ch016","volume-title":"Formal and Practical Aspects of Domain-Specific Languages: Recent Developments","author":"J. Beal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beal, J., Dulman, S., Usbeck, K., Viroli, M., Correll, N.: Organizing the aggregate: languages for spatial computing. In: Mernik, M. (ed.) Formal and Practical Aspects of Domain-Specific Languages: Recent Developments, pp.\u00a0436\u2013501 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/978-1-4666-2092-6.ch016"},{"issue":"2","key":"860_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1145\/1186778.1186782","volume":"1","author":"S. Dobson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dobson, S., Denazis, S.G., Fern\u00e1ndez, A., Ga\u00efti, D., Gelenbe, E., Massacci, F., Nixon, P., Saffre, F., Schmidt, N., Zambonelli, F.: A survey of autonomic communications. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 1(2), 223\u2013259 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1186778.1186782","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst."},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"860_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2006.02.002","volume":"52","author":"M. Mamei","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mamei, M., Menezes, R., Tolksdorf, R., Zambonelli, F.: Case studies for self-organization in computer science. J. Syst. Archit. 52(8\u20139), 443\u2013460 (2006). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sysarc.2006.02.002","journal-title":"J. Syst. Archit."},{"key":"860_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2015.11.005","volume":"117","author":"F. Damiani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damiani, F., Viroli, M., Beal, J.: A type-sound calculus of computational fields. Sci. Comput. Program. 117, 17\u201344 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scico.2015.11.005","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"issue":"1","key":"860_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3285956","volume":"20","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Viroli, M., Damiani, F., Pianini, D., Beal, J.: A higher-order calculus of computational fields. ACM Trans. Comput. Log. 20(1), Article ID\u00a05 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3285956","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Comput. Log."},{"key":"860_CR6","series-title":"LIPIcs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20:1","DOI":"10.4230\/LIPICS.ECOOP.2022.20","volume-title":"36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP 2022","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Casadei, R., Damiani, F., Salvaneschi, G., Viroli, M.: Functional programming for distributed systems with XC. In: Ali, K., Vitek, J. (eds.) 36th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming, ECOOP 2022, Berlin, Germany, June 6\u201310, 2022. LIPIcs, vol.\u00a0222, pp.\u00a020:1\u201320:28. Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz-Zentrum f\u00fcr Informatik, Germany (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4230\/LIPICS.ECOOP.2022.20"},{"key":"860_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2024.111976","volume":"210","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Casadei, R., Damiani, F., Salvaneschi, G., Viroli, M.: The exchange calculus (xc): a functional programming language design for distributed collective systems. J. Syst. Softw. 210, 111976 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jss.2024.111976","journal-title":"J. Syst. Softw."},{"key":"860_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSOS49614.2020.00037","volume-title":"International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS)","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2020","unstructured":"Audrito, G.: FCPP: an efficient and extensible field calculus framework. In: International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems (ACSOS), pp.\u00a0153\u2013159. IEEE Press, USA (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACSOS49614.2020.00037"},{"key":"860_CR9","series-title":"Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08143-9_4","volume-title":"Coordination Models and Languages - 24th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, COORDINATION 2022, Held as Part of the 17th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques, DisCoTec 2022","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Rapetta, L., Torta, G.: Extensible 3d simulation of aggregated systems with FCPP. In: Beek, M.H., Sirjani, M. (eds.) Coordination Models and Languages - 24th IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference, COORDINATION 2022, Held as Part of the 17th International Federated Conference on Distributed Computing Techniques, DisCoTec 2022, Lucca, Italy, June 13-17, 2022. Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a013271, pp.\u00a055\u201371. Springer, Cham (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-08143-9_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"860_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2022.3232633","volume":"34","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2023","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Terraneo, F., Fornaciari, W.: Fcpp+miosix: scaling aggregate programming to embedded systems. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 34(3), 869\u2013880 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPDS.2022.3232633","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst."},{"key":"860_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SCICO.2023.103026","volume":"231","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Torta, G.: FCPP to aggregate them all. Sci. Comput. Program. 231, 103026 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SCICO.2023.103026","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"key":"860_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1145\/2957319.2957372","volume-title":"First Workshop on Programming Models and Languages for Distributed Computing. PMLDC\u201916","author":"R. Casadei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Casadei, R., Viroli, M.: Towards aggregate programming in scala. In: First Workshop on Programming Models and Languages for Distributed Computing. PMLDC\u201916, pp.\u00a05\u2013157. ACM, New York (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2957319.2957372"},{"key":"860_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SOFTX.2022.101248","volume":"20","author":"R. Casadei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Casadei, R., Viroli, M., Aguzzi, G., Pianini, D.: Scafi: a scala DSL and toolkit for aggregate programming. SoftwareX 20, 101248 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SOFTX.2022.101248","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"key":"860_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1109\/ACSOS-C58168.2023.00032","volume-title":"IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems, ACSOS 2023 - Companion","author":"R. Casadei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Casadei, R., Aguzzi, G., Pianini, D., Viroli, M.: Programming (and learning) self-adaptive & self-organising behaviour with scafi: for swarms, edge-cloud ecosystems, and more. In: IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Self-Organizing Systems, ACSOS 2023 - Companion, Toronto, ON, Canada, September 25\u201329, 2023, pp.\u00a033\u201334. IEEE Press, USA (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACSOS-C58168.2023.00032"},{"key":"860_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Casadei, R., Damiani, F., Viroli, M.: Computation against a neighbour: Addressing large-scale distribution and adaptivity with functional programming and scala. Log. Methods Comput. Sci. 19(1) (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.46298\/LMCS-19(1:6)2023","DOI":"10.46298\/LMCS-19(1:6)2023"},{"key":"860_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2022.101658","volume":"85","author":"L. Testa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Testa, L., Audrito, G., Damiani, F., Torta, G.: Aggregate processes as distributed adaptive services for the industrial Internet of things. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 85, 101658 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmcj.2022.101658","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"860_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3177774","volume":"28","author":"M. Viroli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Viroli, M., Audrito, G., Beal, J., Damiani, F., Pianini, D.: Engineering resilient collective adaptive systems by self-stabilisation. ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul. 28(2), Article ID\u00a016 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3177774","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Model. Comput. Simul."},{"issue":"3","key":"860_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3105758","volume":"12","author":"J. Beal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beal, J., Viroli, M., Pianini, D., Damiani, F.: Self-adaptation to device distribution in the Internet of things. ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst. 12(3), Article ID\u00a012 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3105758","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Auton. Adapt. Syst."},{"key":"860_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/RTSS.2018.00013","volume-title":"39th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS)","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Damiani, F., Viroli, M., Bini, E.: Distributed real-time shortest-paths computations with the field calculus. In: 39th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), pp.\u00a023\u201334. IEEE Computer Society, USA (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RTSS.2018.00013"},{"issue":"4","key":"860_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1538942.1538945","volume":"18","author":"M. Mamei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mamei, M., Zambonelli, F.: Programming pervasive and mobile computing applications: the tota approach. ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 18(4), 1\u201356 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/1538942.1538945","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol."},{"key":"860_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/990064.990079","volume-title":"Proceedings of MobiSys 2004","author":"K. Whitehouse","year":"2004","unstructured":"Whitehouse, K., Sharp, C., Brewer, E., Culler, D.: Hood: a neighborhood abstraction for sensor networks. In: Proceedings of MobiSys 2004. ACM, New York (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/990064.990079"},{"key":"860_CR22","unstructured":"Coore, D.: Botanical computing: a developmental approach to generating inter connect topologies on an amorphous computer. PhD thesis, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA (1999)"},{"key":"860_CR23","first-page":"78","volume-title":"Workshop on Data Management for Sensor Networks","author":"R. Newton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Newton, R., Welsh, M.: Region streams: functional macroprogramming for sensor networks. In: Workshop on Data Management for Sensor Networks, pp.\u00a078\u201387 (2004)"},{"key":"860_CR24","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/11527800_11","volume-title":"Unconventional Programming Paradigms","author":"J.-L. Giavitto","year":"2005","unstructured":"Giavitto, J.-L., Michel, O., Cohen, J., Spicher, A.: Computations in space and space in computations. In: Unconventional Programming Paradigms. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a03566, pp.\u00a0137\u2013152. Springer, Berlin (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11527800_11"},{"key":"860_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lluch-Lafuente, A., Loreti, M., Montanari, U.: Asynchronous distributed execution of fixpoint-based computational fields. CoRR (2016). arXiv:1610.00253","DOI":"10.23638\/LMCS-13(1:13)2017"},{"issue":"9","key":"860_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1109\/MC.2015.261","volume":"48","author":"J. Beal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beal, J., Pianini, D., Viroli, M.: Aggregate programming for the Internet of things. IEEE Comput. 48(9), 22\u201330 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MC.2015.261","journal-title":"IEEE Comput."},{"key":"860_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlamp.2019.100486","volume":"109","author":"M. Viroli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viroli, M., Beal, J., Damiani, F., Audrito, G., Casadei, R., Pianini, D.: From distributed coordination to field calculus and aggregate computing. J. Log. Algebr. Methods Program. 109, 100486 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jlamp.2019.100486","journal-title":"J. Log. Algebr. Methods Program."},{"key":"860_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RTAS.2010.17","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium","author":"P.A. Vicaire","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vicaire, P.A., Xie, Z., Hoque, E., Stankovic, J.A.: Physicalnet: a generic framework for managing and programming across pervasive computing networks. In: Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (2010). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RTAS.2010.17"},{"key":"860_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2011.2166772","author":"P. Vicaire","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vicaire, P., Hoque, E., Xie, Z., Stankovic, J.A.: Bundle: a group-based programming abstraction for cyber-physical systems. IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TII.2011.2166772","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"860_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDCS.2004.1281625","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems","author":"T. Abdelzaher","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abdelzaher, T., Blum, B., Cao, Q., Chen, Y., Evans, D., George, J., George, S., Gu, L., He, T., Krishnamurthy, S., Luo, L., Son, S., Stankovic, J., Stoleru, R., Wood, A.: EnviroTrack: towards an environmental computing paradigm for distributed sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICDCS.2004.1281625"},{"issue":"12","key":"860_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2012.09.005","volume":"72","author":"F. Jabeen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jabeen, F., Fernandes, A.A.A.: An algorithmic strategy for in-network distributed spatial analysis in wireless sensor networks. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 72(12), 1628\u20131653 (2012). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpdc.2012.09.005","journal-title":"J. Parallel Distrib. Comput."},{"key":"860_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmcj.2014.01.008","volume":"16","author":"G. Amato","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amato, G., Chessa, S., Gennaro, C., Vairo, C.: Querying moving events in wireless sensor networks. Pervasive Mob. Comput. 16, 51\u201375 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmcj.2014.01.008","journal-title":"Pervasive Mob. Comput."},{"key":"860_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/RTTAS.2002.1137381","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium","author":"C. Lu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lu, C., Blum, B.M., Abdelzaher, T.F., Stankovic, J.A., He, T.: RAP: a real-time communication architecture for large-scale wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 8th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium, San Jose, CA, USA, pp.\u00a055\u201366 (2002). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/RTTAS.2002.1137381"},{"key":"860_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-78142-2_18","volume-title":"Coordination Models and Languages","author":"G. Aguzzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aguzzi, G., Casadei, R., Maltoni, N., Pianini, D., Viroli, M.: Scafi-web: a web-based application for field-based coordination programming. In: Damiani, F., Dardha, O. (eds.) Coordination Models and Languages, pp.\u00a0285\u2013299. Springer, Cham (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-78142-2_18"},{"issue":"3","key":"860_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1057\/jos.2012.27","volume":"7","author":"D. Pianini","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pianini, D., Montagna, S., Viroli, M.: Chemical-oriented simulation of computational systems with alchemist. J. Simul. 7(3), 202\u2013215 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/jos.2012.27","journal-title":"J. Simul."},{"key":"860_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.15439\/2016F407","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems","author":"M. Viroli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Viroli, M., Casadei, R., Pianini, D.: Simulating large-scale aggregate mass with alchemist and scala. In: Proceedings of the 2016 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, vol.\u00a08, pp.\u00a01495\u20131504 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15439\/2016F407"},{"key":"860_CR37","series-title":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92408-3_1","volume-title":"20th International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages (COORDINATION)","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Beal, J., Damiani, F., Viroli, M.: Space-time universality of field calculus. In: 20th International Conference on Coordination Models and Languages (COORDINATION). Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.\u00a010852, pp.\u00a01\u201320. Springer, Cham (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-92408-3_1"},{"issue":"7","key":"860_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1145\/359545.359563","volume":"21","author":"L. Lamport","year":"1978","unstructured":"Lamport, L.: Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system. Commun. ACM 21(7), 558\u2013565 (1978). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/359545.359563","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"860_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Igarashi, A., Pierce, B.C., Wadler, P.: Featherweight Java: a minimal core calculus for Java and GJ. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 23(3) (2001)","DOI":"10.1145\/503502.503505"},{"key":"860_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1145\/3679008.3685544","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Workshop on Verification and Monitoring at Runtime Execution. VORTEX 2024","author":"G. Aguzzi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aguzzi, G., Audrito, G., Viroli, M.: Optimising aggregate monitors for spatial logic of closure spaces properties. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Workshop on Verification and Monitoring at Runtime Execution. VORTEX 2024, pp.\u00a025\u201331. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3679008.3685544"},{"key":"860_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.5555\/3306127.3331882","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (AAMAS)","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2019","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Bergamini, S., Damiani, F., Viroli, M.: Effective collective summarisation of distributed data in mobile multi-agent systems. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and MultiAgent Systems (AAMAS), pp.\u00a01618\u20131626. International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, Richland (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5555\/3306127.3331882"},{"key":"860_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AUTOMATICA.2022.110583","volume":"146","author":"Y. Mo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mo, Y., Audrito, G., Dasgupta, S., Beal, J.: Near-optimal knowledge-free resilient leader election. Automatica 146, 110583 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AUTOMATICA.2022.110583","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"860_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1145\/258948.258973","volume-title":"International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP)","author":"C. Elliott","year":"1997","unstructured":"Elliott, C., Hudak, P.: Functional reactive animation. In: International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP), pp.\u00a0263\u2013273. ACM, New York (1997). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/258948.258973"},{"key":"860_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1145\/3679008.3685545","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Workshop on Verification and Monitoring at Runtime Execution (VORTEX)","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2024","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Damiani, F., Torta, G.: Real-time guarantees for SLCS monitors in XC. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM International Workshop on Verification and Monitoring at Runtime Execution (VORTEX), pp.\u00a032\u201337. ACM, New York (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3679008.3685545"},{"key":"860_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scico.2018.06.002","volume":"166","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Damiani, F., Viroli, M.: Optimal single-path information propagation in gradient-based algorithms. Sci. Comput. Program. 166, 146\u2013166 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scico.2018.06.002","journal-title":"Sci. Comput. Program."},{"key":"860_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-20230-8","volume-title":"System Engineering and Automation: An Interactive Educational Approach","author":"J.F. De Canete","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Canete, J.F., Galindo, C., Garcia-Moral, I.: System Engineering and Automation: An Interactive Educational Approach. Springer, Berlin (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-20230-8"},{"key":"860_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.COMPELECENG.2021.107580","volume":"96","author":"G. Audrito","year":"2021","unstructured":"Audrito, G., Casadei, R., Damiani, F., Pianini, D., Viroli, M.: Optimal resilient distributed data collection in mobile edge environments. Comput. Electr. Eng. 96, 107580 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.COMPELECENG.2021.107580","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."}],"container-title":["International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10009-026-00860-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10009-026-00860-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10009-026-00860-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T07:17:22Z","timestamp":1779779842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10009-026-00860-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["860"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10009-026-00860-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-2779","1433-2787"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-2779","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2787","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2026","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}