{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T15:27:07Z","timestamp":1772119627971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Artif Life Robotics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The human oral structure contains organs with distinctly different physical properties, such as teeth, gums, and tongues. When food enters the oral cavity, we can recognize the tactile sensation and shape of the object from multiple perspectives through the texture of the teeth and tongue. Therefore, it is possible to regard oral structures as a group of tactile sensors based on these functions. In this study, we developed a soft-matter artificial mouth that can accurately detect subtle differences in texture by creating and combining oral structural organs using polymer materials with different physical properties and mounting them as end-effectors for a robot arm. The same piezoelectric film sensor was embedded inside each organ, making it possible to acquire tactile sensations from the same object as completely different signal waveforms. We tested whether the sensor data obtained from each soft-matter material could be used for excellent object recognition by applying various machine learning methods. In an actual experiment, we learned the waveform data obtained from chewing sweets and snacks, such as rice crackers, and applied machine learning to classify the data, which led to an accuracy rate of over 90%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10015-022-00814-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]],"date-time":"2022-10-22T06:03:10Z","timestamp":1666418590000},"page":"674-683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gel Biter: food texture discriminator based on physical reservoir computing with multiple soft materials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Kosuke","family":"Hirose","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ikuma","family":"Sudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M. D. Nahin Islam","family":"Shiblee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ajit","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hidemitsu","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"814_CR1","unstructured":"Keisuke H, Ezu K, Yasuo M, Masako H, Kaori K, Youko N, Akiko N (2004) Influence of the nutritional consciousness and knowledge of dietary on the eating habits in life span. Faculty of Education, Wakayama University Minutes. Natural Sciences, pp 53\u201361"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR2","first-page":"115","volume":"14","author":"K Kaori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaori K, Kazuya M (2021) Awareness structure of university students affecting eating behavior. J Jpn Soc Shokuiku 14(2):115\u2013122","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Shokuiku"},{"issue":"10","key":"814_CR3","first-page":"1424","volume":"61","author":"I Masahiko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Masahiko I, Yuki H (2007) Texture technology. Inst J Image Inf Telev 61(10):1424\u20131426","journal-title":"Inst J Image Inf Telev"},{"key":"814_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.128470","volume":"343","author":"X Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li X, Tsuta M, Hayakawa F, Nakano Y, Kazami Y, Ikehata A (2021) Estimating the sensory qualities of tomatoes using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy and interpretation based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics. Food Chem 343:128470","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"814_CR5","first-page":"25","volume":"20","author":"S Tae","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tae S, Yoshihiro M (2020) Objective evaluation of crispy and crunchy texture of foods by acoustic analysis. Jpn Oil Chem Soc 20(11):25\u201330","journal-title":"Jpn Oil Chem Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR6","first-page":"141","volume":"18","author":"K Naoya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naoya K, Hidekazu T, Yuji U, Masahiko I (2013) Chewing JOCKEY-designing user interface to augment food texture with sound AR system. Trans Virtual Real Soc Jpn 18(2):141\u2013150","journal-title":"Trans Virtual Real Soc Jpn"},{"key":"814_CR7","unstructured":"Aika M, Tetsuji S (2021) A study on virtual texture presentation technique using muscle potential-based texture classification and electrical muscle stimulation. DEIM Forum C25-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"814_CR8","first-page":"1424","volume":"41","author":"T Jun","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jun T (1994) Types and methods of sensory evaluation in food research. J Jpn Soc Shokuiku 41(3):1424\u20131426","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Shokuiku"},{"key":"814_CR9","unstructured":"Central Laboratory (2022) Product development using sensory evaluation. Maruha Nichiro Corporation. https:\/\/www.maruha-nichiro.co.jp\/laboratory\/report\/report01.html. Accessed 6 May 2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"814_CR10","first-page":"218","volume":"41","author":"Y Yoshimasa","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yoshimasa Y (1994) Evaluation of food texture. J Jpn Soc Shokuiku 41(3):218\u2013223","journal-title":"J Jpn Soc Shokuiku"},{"key":"814_CR11","unstructured":"Shimadzu Corporation (2022) Texture evaluation. https:\/\/www.an.shimadzu.co.jp\/apl\/food\/texture.htm. Accessed 6 May 2022"},{"key":"814_CR12","unstructured":"Shunsuke Y, Makoto T (2020) Food texture analysis based on machine learning. In: The 34th annual conference of the Japanese society for artificial intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.20965\/jrm.2022.p0339","volume":"34","author":"S Ikuma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ikuma S, Jun O, Yosuke W, Shiblee NI, Ajit K, Masaru K, Hidemitsu F (2022) Local discrimination based on piezoelectric sensing in robots composed of soft matter with different physical properties. J Robot Mech 34(2):339\u2013350","journal-title":"J Robot Mech"},{"key":"814_CR14","unstructured":"Gouhei T, Ryousyo N, Akira H (2021) Reservoir computing\u2014theory and hardware of fast machine learning for time series pattern recognition. Morikita Publishing Co"},{"issue":"2","key":"814_CR15","first-page":"108","volume":"102","author":"T Gouhei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gouhei T (2019) Concept of reservoir computing and its recent trends. J Inst Electron Inf Commun Eng 102(2):108\u2013113","journal-title":"J Inst Electron Inf Commun Eng"},{"key":"814_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chrisantha F, Sampsa S (2003) Pattern recognition in a bucket. In: European conference on artificial life. Springer, Berlin, pp 588\u2013597","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-39432-7_63"},{"key":"814_CR17","unstructured":"Lennert A, Miguel CS, Van der Guy S, Jan D, Serge M, Joni D, Benjamin S, Claudio MR, Ingo F (2011) Information processing using a single dynamical node as a complex system. Nat Commun"},{"key":"814_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atsushi U (2019) Progress in fast physical random number generation with complex photonics. In: Department of Information and Computer Sciences, vol 47(6)","DOI":"10.2184\/lsj.47.6_310"},{"issue":"3","key":"814_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1515\/nanoph-2016-0132","volume":"6","author":"V der Sande","year":"2017","unstructured":"der Sande V, Guy BD, Soriano MC (2017) Advances in photonic reservoir computing. Nanophotonics 6(3):561\u2013576","journal-title":"Nanophotonics"},{"key":"814_CR20","unstructured":"Daniel B, Miguel SC, Van der Guy S (2019) Photonic reservoir computing: optical recurrent neural networks. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG"},{"issue":"3","key":"814_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.003241","volume":"20","author":"L Laurent","year":"2012","unstructured":"Laurent L, Soriano MC, Brunner D, Appeltant L, Gutierrez JM, Peaquera L, Mirasso CR, Fischer I (2012) Photonic information processing beyond turing: an optoelectronic implementation of reservoir computing. Opt Express 20(3):3241\u20133249","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"814_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00287","volume":"2","author":"Y Paquot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Paquot Y, Duport F, Smerieri A, Dambre J, Schrauwen B, Haelterman M, Massar S (2012) Optoelectronic reservoir computing. Sci Rep 2:287","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"814_CR23","unstructured":"Yoshihiro T (2017) Vibration-related skin characteristics, tactile perception, and motion characteristics. J Soc Biomech 41(1)"},{"key":"814_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1021\/ma200398y","volume":"44","author":"Y Hiroyasu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hiroyasu Y, Ryosuke K, Yoshinori T, Akihito H, Akira H (2011) Self-assembly of gels through molecular recognition of cyclodextrins: shape selectivity for linear and cyclic guest molecules. Macromolecules 44:2395\u20132399","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"814_CR25","unstructured":"Takaaki K (2021) Physical contact soft matter interactive device that relies on the flexibility of the material. Master\u2019s thesis, pp 8\u201370"},{"key":"814_CR26","unstructured":"Takaaki K (2021) Physical contact soft matter interactive device that relies on the flexibility of the material. Master\u2019s thesis, pp 8\u201370"},{"key":"814_CR27","unstructured":"Tanaka Yoshihiro (2017) \u201cVibration-related skin characteristics, tactile perception, and motion characteristics,\u201d Journal of the Society of Biomechanisms, vol.41, no.1"},{"issue":"328","key":"814_CR28","first-page":"221","volume":"108","author":"Y Takayoshi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takayoshi Y, Hironobu F (2008) Efficient features for object recognition. IEICE 108(328):221\u2013236","journal-title":"IEICE"},{"key":"814_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.03.067","volume":"307","author":"C Maximilian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Maximilian C, Julius NB (2018) Time series feature extraction on basis of scalable hypothesis tests (tsfresh\u2014A Python package). Neurocomputing 307:72\u201377","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"814_CR30","unstructured":"Takashi O (2008) Support vector machine overview. Trans Oper Res Soc Jpn 225\u2013230"},{"key":"814_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Asmita S, Malka HN, Rajasekaran L (2017) Impact of different data types on classifier performance of random forest, Na\u00efve Bayes, and K-nearest neighbors algorithms. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 8(12)","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2017.081201"},{"issue":"5","key":"814_CR32","first-page":"788","volume":"70","author":"H Hitoshi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hitoshi H (2016) Fundamentals and recent trends in Random Forest. J Inst Image Inf Telev Eng 70(5):788\u2013791","journal-title":"J Inst Image Inf Telev Eng"}],"container-title":["Artificial Life and Robotics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10015-022-00814-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10015-022-00814-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10015-022-00814-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:32:21Z","timestamp":1668400341000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10015-022-00814-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["814"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10015-022-00814-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-5298","1614-7456"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-5298","type":"print"},{"value":"1614-7456","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}