{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T04:31:04Z","timestamp":1744173064552,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]],"date-time":"2012-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338249600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJDAR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-012-0189-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,19]],"date-time":"2012-09-19T20:10:53Z","timestamp":1348085453000},"page":"285-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Comprehensive synthetic Arabic database for on\/off-line script recognition research"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Raid M.","family":"Saabni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jihad A.","family":"El-Sana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"189_CR1","unstructured":"ADAB: Arabic DAta Base, for on-line recognition of the cursive Arabic handwritten word"},{"issue":"1","key":"189_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00064-X","volume":"36","author":"Y. Al Ohali","year":"2003","unstructured":"Al Ohali Y., Cheriet M., Suen C.: Databases for recognition of handwritten arabic cheques. Pattern Recogn. 36(1), 111\u2013121 (2003)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"8","key":"189_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1109\/34.149585","volume":"14","author":"H. Al-Yousefi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Al-Yousefi H., Udpa S.: Recognition of arabic characters. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 14(8), 853\u2013857 (1992)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"189_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alma\u2019adeed, S.: Recognition of off-line handwritten arabic words using neural network. In: GMAI \u201906: Proceedings of the conference on Geometric Modeling and Imaging, pp. 141\u2013144. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/GMAI.2006.43"},{"key":"189_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsallakh, B., Safadi, H.: Arapen: an arabic online handwriting recognition system. In: Information and Communication Technologies, 2006 (ICTTA \u201906). 2nd, vol. 1, pp. 1844\u20131849 (April 2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTTA.2006.1684669"},{"issue":"1","key":"189_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1684(96)00150-8","volume":"56","author":"S.A. Alshebeili","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alshebeili S.A., Nabawi A.A.F., Mahmoud S.A.: Arabic character-recognition using 1-d slices of the character spectrum. Signal Process. 56(1), 59\u201375 (1997)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"189_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(97)00084-8","volume":"31","author":"A. Amin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Amin A.: Off-line arabic character recognition: the state of the art. Pattern Recogn. 31(5), 517\u2013530 (1998)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"5","key":"189_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1109\/21.44052","volume":"19","author":"A. Amin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Amin A., Mari J.: Machine recognition and correction of printed arabic text. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. 19(5), 1300\u20131306 (1989)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"key":"189_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ataer, E., Duygulu, P.: Matching ottoman words: an image retrieval approach to historical document indexing. In: CIVR \u201907: Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval, pp. 341\u2013347. ACM, New York, NY, USA (2007)","DOI":"10.1145\/1282280.1282332"},{"key":"189_CR10","unstructured":"Ball, G., Srihari, S., Srinivasan, H.: Segmentation-free and segmentation-dependent approaches to arabic word spotting. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR-10), pp. 53\u201358. La Baule, France (October 2006)"},{"key":"189_CR11","unstructured":"Biadsy, F., El-Sana, J., Habash, N.: Online Arabic handwriting recognition using hidden Markov models. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Frontiers of Handwriting and Recognition, pp. 3278\u20133286 (2006)"},{"key":"189_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biadsy, F., Saabni, R., El-Sana, J.: Segmentation-free online arabic handwriting recognition. Int. J. Pattern Recogn. (page to appear) (2011)","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218001411008956"},{"key":"189_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, W., Lopresti, D.: Parameter calibration for synthesizing realistic-looking variability in offline handwriting. In: Document Recognition and Retrieval XVIII IS&T\/SPIE International Symposium on Electronic Imaging, p. 157. IEEE Computer Society, San Francisco, CA (2011)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.873431"},{"issue":"7","key":"189_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1109\/34.56214","volume":"12","author":"S. El-Emami","year":"1990","unstructured":"El-Emami S., Usher M.: On-line recognition of handwritten arabic characters. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 12(7), 704\u2013710 (1990)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"189_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Abed, H., Kherallah, M., Margner, V., Alimi, A.M.: Arabic online handwriting recognition competition. In: 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 1383\u20131387 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.284"},{"issue":"2","key":"189_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(88)90005-9","volume":"14","author":"T. El-sheikh","year":"1988","unstructured":"El-sheikh T., Guindi R.: Automatic recognition of isolated arabic characters. Signal Process. 14(2), 177\u2013184 (1988)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"189_CR17","unstructured":"Garris, M.: Design and collection of a handwriting sample image database"},{"key":"189_CR18","unstructured":"Gatos, B., Konidaris, T., Ntzios, K., Pratikakis, I., Perantonis, S.J.: A segmentation-free approach for keyword search in historical typewritten documents. In: Proceedings of Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2005, pp. 54\u201358, vol. 1. 29 August\u20131 September (2005)"},{"key":"189_CR19","unstructured":"Gillies, A., Erl, E., Trenkle, J., Schlosser, S.: Arabic text recognition system. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Document Image Understanding Technology (1999)"},{"key":"189_CR20","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.cedar.buffalo.edu\/Databases\/"},{"key":"189_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kharma, N., Ahmed, M., Ward, R.: A new comprehensive database of hand-written arabic words, numbers and signatures used for ocr testing. In: IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, pp. 766\u2013768 (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCECE.1999.808042"},{"issue":"2","key":"189_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-002-0169-3","volume":"6","author":"A.L. Koerich","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koerich A.L., Sabourin R., Suen C.Y.: Large vocabulary off-line handwriting recognition: a survey. Pattern Anal. Appl. 6(2), 97\u2013121 (2003)","journal-title":"Pattern Anal. Appl."},{"key":"189_CR23","unstructured":"Maddouri, S., Amiri, H.: Combination of local and global vision modelling for arabic handwritten words recognition. In: Proceedings of Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, 2002, pp. 128\u2013135 (2002)"},{"issue":"6","key":"189_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(94)90166-X","volume":"27","author":"S.A. Mahmoud","year":"1994","unstructured":"Mahmoud S.A.: Arabic character recognition using fourier descriptors and character contour encoding. Pattern Recogn. 27(6), 815\u2013824 (1994)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"key":"189_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margner, V., Pechwitz, M.: Synthetic data for arabic ocr system development. In: Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR\u201901), pp. 1159\u20131163 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2001.953967"},{"key":"189_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s100320200071","volume":"5","author":"U. Marti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marti U., Bunke H.: The iam-database: an english sentence database for off-line handwriting recognition. Int. J. Document Anal. Recogn. 5, 39\u201346 (2002)","journal-title":"Int. J. Document Anal. Recogn."},{"issue":"7","key":"189_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.70753","volume":"30","author":"N. Mezghani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mezghani N., Mitiche A., Cheriet M.: Bayes classification of online arabic characters by gibbs modeling of class conditional densities. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 30(7), 1121\u20131131 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"189_CR28","unstructured":"Mozzaffari, S., Faez, K., Faradji, F., Ziaratban, M., Golzan, M.: A comprehnsive isolated farsi\/aarabic character database for handwritten ocr research. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, France, pp. 385\u2013389 (October 2006)"},{"key":"189_CR29","unstructured":"Pechwitz, M., Maddouri, S.S., Margner, V., Ellouze, N., Amiri, H.: Ifn\/enit\u2014database of handwritten arabic words. In: Proceedings of CIFED 2002, pp. 129\u2013136 (2002)"},{"key":"189_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plamondon, R., Guerfali, W.: Why handwriting segmentation can be misleading? In: Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 369\u2013400. Vienna, Austria (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1996.547453"},{"key":"189_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/34.824821","volume":"22","author":"R. Plamondon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Plamondon R., Srihari S.N.: On-line and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 22, 63\u201384 (2000)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"189_CR32","volume-title":"Justifying holistic approach for arabic script recognition","author":"R. Saabni","year":"2008","unstructured":"Saabni R., El-Sana J.: Justifying holistic approach for arabic script recognition. Technical report, Ben Gurion University of the negev, Israel (2008)"},{"key":"189_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saabni, R., El-sana, J.: Hierarchical on-line arabic handwriting recognition. In: 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), pp. 867\u2013871. Barcelona, Spain (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.263"},{"key":"189_CR34","unstructured":"Solimanpour, F., Sadri, J., Suen, C.Y.: Standard databases for recognition of handwritten digits, numerical strings, legal amounts, letters and dates in farsi language. In: Proceedings of the 10th IntlWorkshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR), pp. 3\u20137, France (October 2006)"},{"key":"189_CR35","unstructured":"Souici, S.T., Sellami, L.M.: Off-line handwritten arabic character segmentation algorithm: Acsa. In: Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pp. 452\u2013457 (2002)"},{"key":"189_CR36","unstructured":"The Unipen Website: http:\/\/hwr.nici.kun.nl\/unipen\/unipen-history.html"},{"key":"189_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varga, T., Bunke, H.: Comparing natural and synthetic training data for on-line cursive handwriting recognition. In: 9th International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR\u201904), pp. 221\u2013225 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2004.29"},{"key":"189_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varga, T., Bunke, H.: Generation of synthetic training data for an hmm-based handwriting recognition system. In: ICDAR \u201903: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 618\u2013622, IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227736"},{"key":"189_CR39","unstructured":"Varga, T., Kilchhofer, D., Bunke, H.: Template-based synthetic handwriting generation for the training of recognition systems. In: Proceedings of the 12th Conference of the International Graphonomics Society, pp. 206\u2013211 (2005)"},{"key":"189_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viard-Gaudin, C., Lallican, P.M., Binter, P., Knerr, S.: The ireste on\/off (ironoff) dual handwriting database. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR \u201999, pp. 455\u2013458. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (1999)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1999.791823"},{"key":"189_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wu, C., Xu, Y.-Q., Shum, H.-Y., Ji, L.: Learning-based cursive handwriting synthesis. In: IWFHR \u201902: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (IWFHR\u201902), pp. 157\u2013162. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2002)","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2002.1030902"},{"key":"189_CR42","unstructured":"Zagoris, K., Papamarkos, N., Chamzas, C.: Web document image retrieval system based on word spotting. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2006, pp. 477\u2013480, 8\u201311 October 2006"}],"container-title":["International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-012-0189-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10032-012-0189-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-012-0189-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T02:01:47Z","timestamp":1744164107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10032-012-0189-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10032-012-0189-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-2833","1433-2825"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1433-2833"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-2825"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,29]]}}}