{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T03:14:23Z","timestamp":1761621263266,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463011200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (CN)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61472144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61472144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJDAR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-016-0268-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T12:31:07Z","timestamp":1463056267000},"page":"237-252","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Discovering similar Chinese characters in online handwriting with deep convolutional neural networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Shuye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lianwen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"268_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bai, Z.L., Huo, Q.: A study on the use of 8-directional features for online handwritten Chinese character recognition. In: Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2005 International Conference on, pp. 262\u2013266. IEEE (2005)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2005.34"},{"key":"268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.T.: Integration of paths\u2014a faithful representation of paths by noncommutative formal power series. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 89(2), 395\u2013407 (1958)","DOI":"10.2307\/1993193"},{"key":"268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, T.F., Liu, C.L.: Combining quadratic classifier and pair discriminators by pairwise coupling for handwritten Chinese character recognition. In: Pattern Recognition, 2008. ICPR 2008. 19th International Conference on, pp. 1\u20134. IEEE (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2008.4761146"},{"issue":"11","key":"268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2008.04.011","volume":"41","author":"TF Gao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gao, T.F., Liu, C.L.: High accuracy handwritten Chinese character recognition using LDA-based compound distances. Pattern Recognit. 41(11), 3442\u20133451 (2008)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"268_CR5","unstructured":"Graham, B.: Sparse Arrays of Signatures for Online Character Recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.0371 (2013)"},{"key":"268_CR6","unstructured":"Gu, S., Zhang, L., Zuo, W., Feng, X.: Projective dictionary pair learning for pattern classification. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 793\u2013801 (2014)"},{"key":"268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, M., Zhang, S., Mao, H., Jin, L.: Recognition confidence analysis of handwritten Chinese character with CNN. In: Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2015 International Conference on, pp. 61\u201365. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2015.7333726"},{"key":"268_CR8","unstructured":"Hinton, G.E., Srivastava, N., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Salakhutdinov, R.R.: Improving Neural Networks by Preventing Co-Adaptation of Feature Detectors. arXiv preprint arXiv:1207.0580 (2012)"},{"issue":"3","key":"268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1145\/331499.331504","volume":"31","author":"AK Jain","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jain, A.K., Murty, M.N., Flynn, P.J.: Data clustering: a review. ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 31(3), 264\u2013323 (1999)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"issue":"1","key":"268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-010-0116-6","volume":"14","author":"L Jin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jin, L., Gao, Y., Liu, G., Li, Y., Ding, K.: SCUT-COUCH2009\u2014a comprehensive online unconstrained Chinese handwriting database and benchmark evaluation. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR) 14(1), 53\u201364 (2011)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR)"},{"key":"268_CR11","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097\u20131105 (2012)"},{"issue":"11","key":"268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.1109\/5.726791","volume":"86","author":"Y LeCun","year":"1998","unstructured":"LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278\u20132324 (1998)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"268_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.09.001","volume":"43","author":"K Leung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leung, K., Leung, C.: Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by critical region analysis. Pattern Recognit. 43(3), 949\u2013961 (2010)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"1","key":"268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.05.013","volume":"38","author":"CL Liu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Liu, C.L.: Classifier combination based on confidence transformation. Pattern Recognit. 38(1), 11\u201328 (2005)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"1","key":"268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2012.06.021","volume":"46","author":"CL Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, C.L., Yin, F., Wang, D.H., Wang, Q.F.: Online and offline handwritten Chinese character recognition: benchmarking on new databases. Pattern Recognit. 46(1), 155\u2013162 (2013)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"268_CR16","unstructured":"Moore, A.: K-Means and Hierarchical Clustering (2001). http:\/\/www.cs.cmu.edu\/afs\/cs\/user\/awm\/web\/tutorials\/kmeans11.pdf . Accessed 15 Mar 2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"268_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-013-0206-3","volume":"17","author":"S Ryu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ryu, S., Kim, I.J.: Discrimination of similar characters using nonlinear normalization based on regional importance measure. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR) 17(1), 79\u201389 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR)"},{"key":"268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, Y., Wang, C., Xiao, B., Zhang, R., Zhang, Y.: Multiple instance learning based method for similar handwritten Chinese characters discrimination. In: Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2011 International Conference on, pp. 1002\u20131006. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2011.203"},{"issue":"10","key":"268_CR19","first-page":"2752","volume":"80","author":"M Suzuki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Suzuki, M., Ohmachi, S., Kato, N., Aso, H., Nemoto, Y.: A discrimination method of similar characters using compound Mahalanobis function. Trans. IEICE Jpn. 80(10), 2752\u20132760 (1997)","journal-title":"Trans. IEICE Jpn."},{"key":"268_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, D., Liang, L., Jin, L., Gao, Y.: Similar handwritten Chinese character recognition using discriminative locality alignment manifold learning. In: Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2011 International Conference on, pp. 1012\u20131016. IEEE (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2011.205"},{"issue":"3","key":"268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-013-0214-3","volume":"17","author":"DH Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, D.H., Liu, C.L.: Learning confidence transformation for handwritten Chinese text recognition. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR) 17(3), 205\u2013219 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR)"},{"key":"268_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, B., Huang, K., Liu, C.L.: Similar handwritten Chinese characters recognition by critical region selection based on average symmetric uncertainty. In: Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), 2010 International Conference on, pp. 527\u2013532. IEEE (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2010.87"},{"key":"268_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, W., Jin, L., Xie, Z., Feng, Z.: Improved deep convolutional neural network for online handwritten Chinese character recognition using domain-specific knowledge. In: Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR), 2015 International Conference on, pp. 551\u2013555. IEEE (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2015.7333822"},{"issue":"9","key":"268_CR24","first-page":"184","volume":"35","author":"Z Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Tao, D., Zhang, S., Jin, L.: Similar handwritten Chinese character recognition based on deep neural networks with big data. J. Commun. 35(9), 184\u2013189 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Commun."}],"container-title":["International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-016-0268-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10032-016-0268-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-016-0268-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T04:03:16Z","timestamp":1748923396000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10032-016-0268-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10032-016-0268-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-2833","1433-2825"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1433-2833"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-2825"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]}}}