{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T03:15:28Z","timestamp":1775272528817,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJDAR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-018-0314-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]],"date-time":"2018-11-16T01:16:53Z","timestamp":1542331013000},"page":"1-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["An improved discriminative region selection methodology for online handwriting recognition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0826-1814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhasis","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S. R. Mahadeva","family":"Prasanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"314_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2018.02.008","volume":"289","author":"J Sueiras","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sueiras, J., Ruiz, V., Sanchez, A., Velez, J.F.: Offline continuous handwriting recognition using sequence to sequence neural networks. Neurocomputing 289, 119\u2013128 (2018)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"314_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.03.012","volume":"90","author":"Y Chherawala","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chherawala, Y., Roy, P.P., Cheriet, M.: Combination of context-dependent bidirectional long short-term memory classifiers for robust offline handwriting recognition. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 90, 58\u201364 (2017)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"314_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-016-0279-x","volume":"20","author":"S Singh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Singh, S., Sharma, A., Chhabra, I.: A dominant points-based feature extraction approach to recognize online handwritten strokes. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR) 20(1), 37\u201358 (2017)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR)"},{"issue":"3","key":"314_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-016-0268-0","volume":"19","author":"S Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Jin, L., Lin, L.: Discovering similar Chinese characters in online handwriting with deep convolutional neural networks. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 19(3), 237\u2013252 (2016)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"314_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-012-0186-8","volume":"16","author":"N Tagougui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tagougui, N., Kherallah, M., Alimi, A.M.: Online Arabic handwriting recognition: a survey. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 16(3), 209\u2013226 (2013)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit."},{"key":"314_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Choudhury, H., Prasanna, S.R.M.: Handwriting recognition using sinusoidal model parameters. Pattern Recognit. Lett. (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.05.012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2018.05.012"},{"key":"314_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.02.004","volume":"441","author":"O Samanta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Samanta, O., Roy, A., Parui, S.K., Bhattacharya, U.: An HMM framework based on spherical-linear features for online cursive handwriting recognition. Inf. Sci. 441, 133\u2013151 (2018)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"314_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2011.234","volume":"34","author":"A Bharath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bharath, A., Madhvanath, S.: HMM-based lexicon-driven and lexicon-free word recognition for online handwritten Indic scripts. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(4), 670\u2013682 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"6","key":"314_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2572693","volume":"39","author":"D Keysers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keysers, D., Deselaers, T., Rowley, H.A., Wang, L.L., Carbune, V.: Multi-language online handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39(6), 1180\u20131194 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"5","key":"314_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.137","volume":"31","author":"A Graves","year":"2009","unstructured":"Graves, A., Liwicki, M., Fernandez, S., Bertolami, R., Bunke, H., Schmidhuber, J.: A novel connectionist system for unconstrained handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(5), 855\u2013868 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"314_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-003-0104-1","volume":"5","author":"L Vuurpijl","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vuurpijl, L., Schomaker, L., Erp, M.: Architectures for detecting and solving conflicts: two-stage classification and support vector classifiers. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 5(4), 213\u2013223 (2003)","journal-title":"Doc. Anal. Recognit."},{"issue":"4","key":"314_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-002-0094-4","volume":"5","author":"A Bellili","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bellili, A., Gilloux, M., Gallinari, P.: An MLP-SVM combination architecture for offline handwritten digit recognition. Int. J. Doc. Analy. Recognit. 5(4), 244\u2013252 (2003)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Analy. Recognit."},{"key":"314_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Milgram, J., Sabourin, R., Cheriet, M.: Two-stage classification system combining model-based and discriminative approaches. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Vol.\u00a01, pp. 152\u2013155 (2004)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2004.1334030"},{"issue":"12","key":"314_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.03.005","volume":"26","author":"L Prevost","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prevost, L., Oudot, L., Moises, A., Michel-Sendis, C., Milgram, M.: Hybrid generative\/discriminative classifier for unconstrained character recognition. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 26(12), 1840\u20131848 (2005)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"314_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-009-0084-x","volume":"12","author":"T Bhowmik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bhowmik, T., Ghanty, P., Roy, A., Parui, S.: SVM-based hierarchical architectures for handwritten Bangla character recognition. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 12(2), 97\u2013108 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit."},{"key":"314_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zanchettin, C., Bezerra, B., Azevedo, W.: A KNN-SVM hybrid model for cursive handwriting recognition. In: Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 1\u20138 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2012.6252719"},{"issue":"7","key":"314_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8655(97)00047-0","volume":"18","author":"AFR Rahman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rahman, A.F.R., Fairhurst, M.C.: Selective partition algorithm for finding regions of maximum pairwise dissimilarity among statistical class models. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 18(7), 605\u2013611 (1997)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"314_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, B., Huang, K., Liu, C.L.: Similar handwritten Chinese characters recognition by critical region selection based on average symmetric uncertainty. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pp. 527\u2013532. IEEE (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2010.87"},{"issue":"3","key":"314_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.09.001","volume":"43","author":"K Leung","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leung, K., Leung, C.H.: Recognition of handwritten Chinese characters by critical region analysis. Pattern Recognit. 43(3), 949\u2013961 (2010)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"314_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-013-0353-7","volume":"17","author":"S Sundaram","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sundaram, S., Ramakrishnan, A.G.: Performance enhancement of online handwritten Tamil symbol recognition with reevaluation techniques. Pattern Anal. Appl. 17(3), 587\u2013609 (2013)","journal-title":"Pattern Anal. Appl."},{"key":"314_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Bora, P.K., Das, S., Chaudhuri, B.B.: Development of an Assamese OCR using Bangla OCR. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 68\u201373. ACM (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2432553.2432566"},{"key":"314_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhury, H., Mandal, S., Devnath, S., Prasanna, S.R.M., Sundaram, S.: Comparison of Assamese character recognizer using stroke level and character level engines. In: Proceedings of National Conference on Communications, pp. 1\u20136 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/NCC.2015.7084861"},{"key":"314_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guyon, I., Schomaker, L., Plamondon, R., Liberman, M., Janet, S.: UNIPEN project of online data exchange and recognizer benchmarks. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 29\u201333 (1994)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.1994.576870"},{"key":"314_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratzlaff, E.H.: Methods, reports and survey for the comparison of diverse isolated character recognition results on the UNIPEN database. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 623\u2013628 (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2003.1227737"},{"key":"314_CR25","unstructured":"Schomaker, L.: The UNIPEN-ICROW-03 benchmark set. http:\/\/www.ai.rug.nl\/~lambert\/unipen\/ icdar-03-competition\/_README . Accessed 04 Aug 2017 (2003)"},{"key":"314_CR26","unstructured":"Liwicki, M., Bunke, H.: HMM-based online recognition of handwritten whiteboard notes. In: Proceedings of International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, pp. 595\u2013599 (2006)"},{"issue":"3","key":"314_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00013559","volume":"3","author":"S Jaeger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jaeger, S., Manke, S., Reichert, J., Waibel, A.: Online handwriting recognition: the NPen++ recognizer. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. 3(3), 169\u2013180 (2001)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit."},{"key":"314_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shashikiran, K., Prasad, K., Kunwar, R., Ramakrishnan, A.: Comparison of HMM and SDTW for Tamil handwritten character recognition. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, pp. 1\u20134 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/SPCOM.2010.5560498"},{"key":"314_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srihari, S.N., Cha, S.H., Lee, S.: Establishing handwriting individuality using pattern recognition techniques. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 1195\u20131204 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2001.953974"},{"key":"314_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Logan, B., Salomon, A.: A music similarity function based on signal analysis. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, pp. 745\u2013748 (2001)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2001.1237829"},{"key":"314_CR31","first-page":"2579","volume":"9","author":"LVD Maaten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maaten, L.V.D., Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579\u20132605 (2008)","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"314_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2008.01.016","volume":"29","author":"K Kumara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kumara, K., Agrawal, R., Bhattacharyya, C.: A large margin approach for writer independent online handwriting classification. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 29(7), 933\u2013937 (2008)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"314_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.07.020","volume":"214","author":"K Jayech","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jayech, K., Mahjoub, M.A., Amara, N.E.B.: Synchronous multi-stream hidden markov model for offline Arabic handwriting recognition without explicit segmentation. Neurocomputing 214, 958\u2013971 (2016)","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"314_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandal, S., Prasanna, S.R.M., Sundaram, S.: Curvature point based HMM state prediction for online handwritten Assamese strokes recognition. In: Proceedings of National Conference on Communications, pp. 1\u20136 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/NCC.2015.7084876"},{"issue":"4","key":"314_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2013.2238529","volume":"21","author":"G Pradhan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pradhan, G., Prasanna, S.R.M.: Speaker verification by vowel and nonvowel like segmentation. IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. 21(4), 854\u2013867 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"314_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.1262308","volume":"26","author":"C Bahlmann","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bahlmann, C., Burkhardt, H.: The writer independent online handwriting recognition system frog on hand and cluster generative statistical dynamic time warping. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(3), 299\u2013310 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"314_CR37","unstructured":"Google: Google books N-grams. http:\/\/norvig.com\/google-books-common-words.txt . Accessed 04 Aug 2017 (2012)"},{"issue":"2","key":"314_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626","volume":"77","author":"L Rabiner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rabiner, L.: A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition. Proc. IEEE 77(2), 257\u2013286 (1989)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"314_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prum, S., Visani, M., Fischer, A., Ogier, J.M.: A discriminative approach to online handwriting recognition using bi-character models. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, pp. 364\u2013368 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2013.80"}],"container-title":["International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-018-0314-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10032-018-0314-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-018-0314-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T02:40:19Z","timestamp":1775270419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10032-018-0314-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["314"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10032-018-0314-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-2833","1433-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-2833","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2018","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 October 2018","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 November 2018","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}