{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T13:15:29Z","timestamp":1769346929635,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJDAR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-019-00336-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]],"date-time":"2019-07-31T12:02:51Z","timestamp":1564574571000},"page":"387-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["HWNet v2: an efficient word image representation for handwritten documents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4620-2292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. V.","family":"Jawahar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"336_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aldavert, D., Rusinol, M., Toledo, R., Llad\u00f3s, J.: Integrating visual and textual cues for query-by-string word spotting. In: ICDAR (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2013.108"},{"key":"336_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aldavert, D., Rusi\u00f1ol, M., Toledo, R., Llad\u00f3s, J.: A study of bag-of-visual-words representations for handwritten keyword spotting. In: IJDAR (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2015.7333812"},{"key":"336_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almaz\u00e1n, J., Gordo, A., Forn\u00e9s, A., Valveny, E.: Segmentation-free word spotting with exemplar SVMs. In: PR (2014)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.06.005"},{"key":"336_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almaz\u00e1n, J., Gordo, A., Forn\u00e9s, A., Valveny, E.: Word spotting and recognition with embedded attributes. In: PAMI (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2014.2339814"},{"key":"336_CR5","unstructured":"Ambati, V., Balakrishnan, N., Reddy, R., Pratha, L., Jawahar, C.V.: The digital library of India Project: process, policies and architecture. In: ICDL (2007)"},{"key":"336_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Axler, G., Wolf, L.: Toward a dataset-agnostic word segmentation method. In: ICIP (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2018.8451124"},{"key":"336_CR7","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Document Analysis Systems VII","author":"A. Balasubramanian","year":"2006","unstructured":"Balasubramanian, A., Meshesha, M., Jawahar, C.V.: Retrieval from document image collections. In: DAS (2006)"},{"key":"336_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bengio, Y., Louradour, J., Collobert, R., Weston, J.: Curriculum learning. In: ICML (2009)","DOI":"10.1145\/1553374.1553380"},{"key":"336_CR9","unstructured":"Causer, T., Wallace, V.: Building a volunteer community: results and findings from Transcribe Bentham. In: Digital Humanities Quarterly (2012)"},{"key":"336_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K., Seuret, M., Liwicki, M., Hennebert, J., Ingold, R.: Page segmentation of historical document images with convolutional autoencoders. In: ICDAR (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2015.7333914"},{"key":"336_CR11","unstructured":"Csurka, G., Dance, C., Fan, L., Willamowski, J., Bray, C.: Visual categorization with bags of keypoints. In: Workshop on Statistical Learning in Computer Vision, ECCV (2004)"},{"key":"336_CR12","unstructured":"Dalal, N., Triggs, B.: Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In: CVPR (2005)"},{"issue":"6","key":"336_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4571(199009)41:6<391::AID-ASI1>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"41","author":"S Deerwester","year":"1990","unstructured":"Deerwester, S., Dumais, S.T., Furnas, G.W., Landauer, T.K., Harshman, R.: Indexing by latent semantic analysis. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. 41(6), 391\u2013407 (1990)","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"336_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., Dong, W., Socher, R., Li, L.J., Li, K., Fei-Fei, L.: ImageNet: a large-scale hierarchical image database. In: CVPR09 (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2009.5206848"},{"key":"336_CR15","unstructured":"Donahue, J., Jia, Y., Vinyals, O., Hoffman, J., Zhang, N., Tzeng, E., Darrell, T.: Decaf: a deep convolutional activation feature for generic visual recognition. In: ICML (2014)"},{"key":"336_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Everingham, M., Van\u00a0Gool, L., Williams, C.K.I., Winn, J., Zisserman, A.: The pascal visual object classes (VOC) challenge. In: IJCV (2010)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4"},{"key":"336_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer, A., Frinken, V., Bunke, H., Suen, C.Y.: Improving HMM-based keyword spotting with character language models. In: 2013 12th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2013.107"},{"key":"336_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fischer, A., Keller, A., Frinken, V., Bunke, H.: Lexicon-free handwritten word spotting using character HMMs. In: PRL (2012)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2011.09.009"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"336_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-018-0300-7","volume":"21","author":"Suman Ghosh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ghosh, S., Valveny, E.: Text box proposals for handwritten word spotting from documents. In: IJDAR (2018)","journal-title":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)"},{"key":"336_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghosh, S.K., Valveny, E.: A sliding window framework for word spotting based on word attributes. In: IbPRIA (2015)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19390-8_73"},{"key":"336_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2017.02.023","volume":"68","author":"AP Giotis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giotis, A.P., Sfikas, G., Gatos, B., Nikou, C.: A survey of document image word spotting techniques. Pattern Recognit. 68, 310\u2013332 (2017)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"336_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick, R.: Fast R-CNN. In: ICCV (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.169"},{"key":"336_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girshick, R., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., Malik, J.: Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: CVPR (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.81"},{"key":"336_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez, L., Rusinol, M., Karatzas, D.: LSDE: Levenshtein space deep embedding for query-by-string word spotting. In: ICDAR (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2017.88"},{"key":"336_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gordo, A., Almaz\u00e1n, J., Murray, N., Perronin, F.: LEWIS: latent embeddings for word images and their semantics. In: ICCV (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.147"},{"key":"336_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harley, A.W., Ufkes, A., Derpanis, K.G.: Evaluation of deep convolutional nets for document image classification and retrieval. In: ICDAR (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2015.7333910"},{"key":"336_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harris, C., Stephens, M.: A combined corner and edge detector. In: Alvey Vision Conference (1988)","DOI":"10.5244\/C.2.23"},{"key":"336_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Delving deep into rectifiers: surpassing human-level performance on imagenet classification. In: ICCV (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.123"},{"key":"336_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: CVPR (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"},{"key":"336_CR30","unstructured":"Ioffe, S., Szegedy, C.: Batch normalization: accelerating deep network training by reducing internal covariate shift. In: CoRR (2015)"},{"key":"336_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaderberg, M., Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., Zisserman, A.: Reading text in the wild with convolutional neural networks. In: IJCV (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0823-z"},{"key":"336_CR32","unstructured":"Jaderberg, M., Simonyan, K., Vedaldi, A., Zisserman, A.: Synthetic data and artificial neural networks for natural scene text recognition. In: CoRR (2014)"},{"key":"336_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jaderberg, M., Vedaldi, A., Zisserman, A.: Deep features for text spotting. In: ECCV (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10593-2_34"},{"key":"336_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kovalchuk, A., Wolf, L., Dershowitz, N.: A simple and fast word spotting method. In: ICFHR (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2014.9"},{"key":"336_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, P., Dutta, K., Jawahar, C.V.: Deep feature embedding for accurate recognition and retrieval of handwritten text. In: ICFHR (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2016.0062"},{"key":"336_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, P., Dutta, K., Jawahar, C.V.: Word spotting and recognition using deep embedding. In: DAS (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/DAS.2018.70"},{"key":"336_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, P., Jawahar, C.V.: Matching handwritten document images. In: ECCV (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_46"},{"key":"336_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krishnan, P., Shekhar, R., Jawahar, C.: Content level access to digital library of India pages. In: ICVGIP (2012)","DOI":"10.1145\/2425333.2425338"},{"key":"336_CR39","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: NIPS (2012)"},{"key":"336_CR40","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Jawahar, C.V., Manmatha, R.: Efficient search in document image collections. In: ACCV (2007)"},{"issue":"2","key":"336_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94","volume":"60","author":"David G. Lowe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lowe, D.G.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. In: IJCV (2004)","journal-title":"International Journal of Computer Vision"},{"key":"336_CR42","unstructured":"Maaten, L.v.d., Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE. In: JMLR (2008)"},{"key":"336_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahendran, A., Vedaldi, A.: Understanding deep image representations by inverting them. In: CVPR (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7299155"},{"key":"336_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malisiewicz, T., Gupta, A., Efros, A.A.: Ensemble of exemplar-SVMs for object detection and beyond. In: ICCV (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2011.6126229"},{"key":"336_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manmatha, R., Han, C., Riseman, E.M.: Word spotting: A new approach to indexing handwriting. In: CVPR (1996)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.1996.517139"},{"key":"336_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marti, U., Bunke, H.: Using a statistical language model to improve the performance of an HMM-based cursive handwriting recognition system. In: IJPRAI (2001)","DOI":"10.1142\/9789812797605_0004"},{"key":"336_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marti, U., Bunke, H.: The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition. In: IJDAR (2002)","DOI":"10.1007\/s100320200071"},{"key":"336_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meshesha, M., Jawahar, C.V.: Matching Word Images for Content-based Retrieval from Printed Document Images. In: IJDAR (2008)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-008-0067-3"},{"issue":"6","key":"336_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1980.1163491","volume":"28","author":"C Myers","year":"1980","unstructured":"Myers, C., Rabiner, L., Rosenberg, A.: Performance tradeoffs in dynamic time warping algorithms for isolated word recognition. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 28(6), 623\u2013635 (1980)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"336_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perronnin, F., Dance, C.: Fisher kernels on visual vocabularies for image categorization. In: CVPR (2007)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2007.383266"},{"key":"336_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Perronnin, F., Rodr\u00edguez-Serrano, J.A.: Fisher kernels for handwritten word-spotting. In: ICDAR (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.16"},{"key":"336_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Poznanski, A., Wolf, L.: CNN-N-Gram for handwriting word recognition. In: CVPR (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.253"},{"key":"336_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pratikakis, I., Zagoris, K., Gatos, B., Puigcerver, J., Toselli, A.H., Vidal, E.: ICFHR2016 handwritten keyword spotting competition (H-KWS 2016). In: ICFHR (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2016.0117"},{"key":"336_CR54","unstructured":"Rath, T.M., Manmatha, R.: Word image matching using dynamic time warping. In: CVPR (2003)"},{"key":"336_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rath, T.M., Manmatha, R.: Word spotting for historical documents. In: IJDAR (2007)","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-006-0035-8"},{"key":"336_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Razavian, A.S., Azizpour, H., Sullivan, J., Carlsson, S.: CNN features off-the-shelf: an astounding baseline for recognition. In: CVPR (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2014.131"},{"key":"336_CR57","unstructured":"Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (2015)"},{"key":"336_CR58","unstructured":"Rodriguez, J.A., Perronnin, F.: Local gradient histogram features for word spotting in unconstrained handwritten documents (2008)"},{"key":"336_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Serrano, J.A., Perronnin, F.: A model-based sequence similarity with application to handwritten word spotting. In: PAMI (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.25"},{"key":"336_CR60","unstructured":"Rohlicek, J.R., Russell, W., Roukos, S., Gish, H.: Continuous hidden Markov modeling for speaker-independent word spotting. In: ICASSP (1989)"},{"key":"336_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ros, G., Sellart, L., Materzynska, J., Vazquez, D., Lopez, A.M.: The synthia dataset: a large collection of synthetic images for semantic segmentation of urban scenes. In: CVPR (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.352"},{"key":"336_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosten, E., Drummond, T.: Machine learning for high-speed corner detection. In: ECCV (2006)","DOI":"10.1007\/11744023_34"},{"key":"336_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rothacker, L., Rusinol, M., Fink, G.A.: Bag-of-features HMMs for segmentation-free word spotting in handwritten documents. In: ICDAR (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2013.264"},{"key":"336_CR64","unstructured":"Rothacker, L., Sudholt, S., Rusakov, E., Kasperidus, M., Fink, G.A.: Word hypotheses for segmentation-free word spotting in historic document images. In: ICDAR"},{"key":"336_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2015.09.006","volume":"44","author":"PP Roy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roy, P.P., Rayar, F., Ramel, J.Y.: Word spotting in historical documents using primitive codebook and dynamic programming. Image Vis. Comput. 44, 15\u201328 (2015)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"336_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rozantsev, A., Lepetit, V., Fua, P.: On rendering synthetic images for training an object detector. In: CVIU (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2014.12.006"},{"key":"336_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusi\u00f1ol, M., Aldavert, D., Toledo, R., Llad\u00f3s, J.: Browsing heterogeneous document collections by a segmentation-free word spotting method. In: ICDAR (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2011.22"},{"key":"336_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusi\u00f1ol, M., Aldavert, D., Toledo, R., Llad\u00f3s, J.: Efficient segmentation-free keyword spotting in historical document collections. In: PR (2015)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2014.08.021"},{"issue":"1","key":"336_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1978.1163055","volume":"26","author":"H Sakoe","year":"1978","unstructured":"Sakoe, H., Chiba, S.: Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 26(1), 43\u201349 (1978)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"336_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shekhar, R., Jawahar, C.V.: Word image retrieval using bag of visual words. In: DAS (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/DAS.2012.96"},{"key":"336_CR71","unstructured":"Simard, P.Y., Steinkraus, D., Platt, J.C.: Best practices for convolutional neural networks applied to visual document analysis. In: ICDAR (2003)"},{"key":"336_CR72","unstructured":"Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. In: CoRR (2014)"},{"key":"336_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sivic, J., Zisserman, A.: Video Google: a text retrieval approach to object matching in videos. In: ICCV (2003)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238663"},{"key":"336_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudholt, S., Fink, G.A.: PHOCNet: A deep convolutional neural network for word spotting in handwritten documents. In: ICFHR (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2016.0060"},{"key":"336_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudholt, S., Fink, G.A.: Evaluating word string embeddings and loss functions for CNN-based word spotting. In: ICDAR (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2017.87"},{"issue":"3","key":"336_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-018-0295-0","volume":"21","author":"S Sudholt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sudholt, S., Fink, G.A.: Attribute CNNs for word spotting in handwritten documents. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR) 21(3), 199\u2013218 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. (IJDAR)"},{"key":"336_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., Rabinovich, A.: Going deeper with convolutions. In: CVPR (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"336_CR78","unstructured":"Szegedy, C., Zaremba, W., Sutskever, I., Bruna, J., Erhan, D., Goodfellow, I., Fergus, R.: Intriguing properties of neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1312.6199 (2013)"},{"key":"336_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Terasawa, K., Tanaka, Y.: Slit style HOG feature for document image word spotting. In: ICDAR (2009)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.118"},{"key":"336_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2016.07.063","volume":"370\u2013371","author":"AH Toselli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Toselli, A.H., Vidal, E., Romero, V., Frinken, V.: HMM word graph based keyword spotting in handwritten document images. Inf. Sci. 370\u2013371, 497\u2013518 (2016)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"336_CR81","unstructured":"Vinciarelli, A., Bengio, S.: Offline cursive word recognition using continuous density hidden markov models trained with PCA or ICA features. In: ICPR (2002)"},{"key":"336_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Yang, J., Yu, K., Lv, F., Huang, T., Gong, Y.: Locality-constrained linear coding for image classification. In: CVPR (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2010.5540018"},{"key":"336_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson, T., Brun, A.: Semantic and verbatim word spotting using deep neural networks. In: ICFHR (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2016.0065"},{"key":"336_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson, T., Lindstrom, J., Brun, A.: Neural Ctrl-F: segmentation-free query-by-string word spotting in handwritten manuscript collections. In: ICCV (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.475"},{"key":"336_CR85","unstructured":"Wilkinson, T., Lindstr\u00f6m, J., Brun, A.: Neural word search in historical manuscript collections. In: CoRR arXiv:1812.02771 (2018)"},{"key":"336_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yalniz, I.Z., Manmatha, R.: An efficient framework for searching text in noisy document images. In: DAS (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/DAS.2012.18"},{"key":"336_CR87","unstructured":"Yang, J., Yu, K., Gong, Y., Huang, T.: Linear spatial pyramid matching using sparse coding for image classification. In: CVPR (2009)"},{"key":"336_CR88","unstructured":"Yosinski, J., Clune, J., Bengio, Y., Lipson, H.: How transferable are features in deep neural networks? In: NIPS (2014)"},{"key":"336_CR89","unstructured":"Yosinski, J., Clune, J., Nguyen, A., Fuchs, T., Lipson, H.: Understanding neural networks through deep visualization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1506.06579 (2015)"},{"key":"336_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeiler, M.D., Fergus, R.: Visualizing and understanding convolutional networks. In: ECCV (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-10590-1_53"}],"container-title":["International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-019-00336-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10032-019-00336-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-019-00336-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,24]],"date-time":"2022-09-24T23:02:13Z","timestamp":1664060533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10032-019-00336-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["336"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10032-019-00336-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-2833","1433-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-2833","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 July 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}