{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T08:33:18Z","timestamp":1743064398245},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJDAR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-022-00426-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T17:03:41Z","timestamp":1674061421000},"page":"375-400","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trajectory-based recognition of in-air handwritten Assamese words using a hybrid classifier network"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ananya","family":"Choudhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kandarpa Kumar","family":"Sarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"426_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"J Gan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gan, J., Wang, W.: In-air handwritten English word recognition using attention recurrent translator. Neural Comput. Appl. 31, 1\u201318 (2017)","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"28","key":"426_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35649","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-10470-y","volume":"80","author":"A Choudhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhury, A., Sarma, K.K.: A CNN-LSTM based ensemble framework for in-air handwritten Assamese character recognition. Multimedia Tools Appl. 80(28), 35649\u201335684 (2021)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"426_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2492598","volume":"46","author":"M Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, M., AlRegib, G., Juang, B.H.: Air-writing recognition\u2014part I: modeling and recognition of characters, words, and connecting motions. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 46(3), 403\u2013413 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst."},{"key":"426_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ren, H., Wang, W., Lu, K., Zhou, J., Yuan, Q.: An end-to-end recognizer for in-air handwritten Chinese characters based on a new recurrent neural networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 10\u201314 July 2017, Hong Kong, China, pp. 841\u2013846 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2017.8019443"},{"key":"426_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2017.12.014","volume":"103","author":"P Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Saini, R., Roy, P.P., Pal, U.: A lexicon-free approach for 3D handwriting recognition using classifier combination. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 103, 1\u20137 (2018)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"key":"426_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gan, J., Wang, W., Lu, K.: A unified CNN-RNN approach for in-air handwritten English word recognition. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), 23\u201327 July 2018, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 1\u20136 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2018.8486534"},{"key":"426_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Amma, C., Georgi, M., Schultz, T.: Airwriting: hands-free mobile text input by spotting and continuous recognition of 3D-space handwriting with inertial sensors. In: Proceedings of IEEE 16th International Symposium on Wearable Computers, pp. 52\u201359 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWC.2012.21"},{"issue":"3","key":"426_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2015.2492599","volume":"46","author":"M Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, M., AlRegib, G., Juang, B.H.: Air-writing recognition-part II: detection and recognition of writing activity in continuous stream of motion data. IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst. 46(3), 436\u2013444 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum. Mach. Syst."},{"issue":"15","key":"426_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16491","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3923-z","volume":"76","author":"P Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Saini, R., Roy, P.P., Dogra, D.P.: 3D text segmentation and recognition using leap motion. Multimedia Tools Appl. 76(15), 16491\u201316510 (2017)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"426_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vikram, S., Li, L., Russell, S.: Handwriting and gestures in the air, recognizing on the fly. In: Proceedings of the CHI, vol. 13, pp. 1179\u20131184 (2013)","DOI":"10.1145\/2468356.2468567"},{"key":"426_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.07.018","volume":"61","author":"CC Chiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chiang, C.C., Wang, R.H., Chen, B.R.: Recognizing arbitrarily connected and superimposed handwritten numerals in intangible writing interfaces. Pattern Recognit. 61, 15\u201328 (2017)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"5","key":"426_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2008.137","volume":"31","author":"A Graves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Graves, A., Liwicki, M., Fern\u00e1ndez, S., Bertolami, R., Bunke, H., Schmidhuber, J.: A novel connectionist system for unconstrained handwriting recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(5), 855\u2013868 (2008)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"426_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.4018\/JITR.2021010105","volume":"14","author":"A Choudhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhury, A., Sarma, K.K.: A vision-based framework for spotting and segmentation of gesture-based Assamese characters written in the air. J. Inf. Technol. Res. JITR 14(1), 70\u201391 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Inf. Technol. Res. JITR"},{"key":"426_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luong, M. T., Pham, H., Manning, C. D.: Effective approaches to attention-based neural machine translation. In: Proceedings of Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 1412\u20131421 (2015)","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D15-1166"},{"issue":"20","key":"426_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1049\/el.2016.0841","volume":"52","author":"C Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang, C., Ku, B., Han, D.K., Ko, H.: Alpha-numeric hand gesture recognition based on fusion of spatial feature modelling and temporal feature modelling. Electron. Lett. 52(20), 1679\u20131681 (2016)","journal-title":"Electron. Lett."},{"key":"426_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roy, P., Ghosh, S., Pal, U.: A CNN based framework for unistroke numeral recognition in air-writing. In: Proceedings of 16th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR), 05\u201308 August 2018, Niagara Falls, NY, USA, pp. 404\u2013409 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR-2018.2018.00077"},{"key":"426_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahman, A., Roy, P., Pal, U.: Continuous motion numeral recognition using RNN architecture in air-writing environment. In: Proceedings of Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition, pp. 76\u201390. Springer (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-41404-7_6"},{"key":"426_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2018.11.035","volume":"478","author":"J Gan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gan, J., Wang, W., Lu, K.: A new perspective: recognizing online handwritten Chinese characters via 1-dimensional CNN. Inf. Sci. 478, 375\u2013390 (2019)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"key":"426_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agarwal, C., Dogra, D. P., Saini, R., Roy, P. P.: Segmentation and recognition of text written in 3d using leap motion interface. In: Proceedings of IEEE IAPR Asian Conference on Pattern Recognition (ACPR), 03\u201306 November 2015, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 539\u2013543 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACPR.2015.7486561"},{"issue":"4","key":"426_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-018-0307-0","volume":"21","author":"ZR Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, Z.R., Du, J., Wang, W.C., Zhai, J.F., Hu, J.S.: A comprehensive study of hybrid neural network hidden Markov model for offline handwritten Chinese text recognition. Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. IJDAR 21(4), 241\u2013251 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Doc. Anal. Recognit. IJDAR"},{"key":"426_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2019.107102","volume":"100","author":"ZR Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Z.R., Du, J., Wang, J.M.: Writer-aware CNN for parsimonious HMM-based offline handwritten Chinese text recognition. Pattern Recognit. 100, 107102 (2020)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"426_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, Z., Sun, Z., Jin, L., Feng, Z., Zhang, S.: Fully convolutional recurrent network for handwritten Chinese text recognition. In: Proceedings of IEEE 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 4011\u20134016 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2016.7900261"},{"issue":"3","key":"426_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-1881-4","volume":"27","author":"SB Ahmed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahmed, S.B., Naz, S., Razzak, M.I., Rashid, S.F., Afzal, M.Z., Breuel, T.M.: Evaluation of cursive and non-cursive scripts using recurrent neural networks. Neural Comput. Appl. 27(3), 603\u2013613 (2016)","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"5","key":"426_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2016.2643165","volume":"17","author":"P Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Saini, R., Roy, P.P., Dogra, D.P.: Study of text segmentation and recognition using leap motion sensor. IEEE Sens. J. 17(5), 1293\u20131301 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"426_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.17","volume":"27","author":"SL Phung","year":"2005","unstructured":"Phung, S.L., Bouzerdoum, A., Chai, D.: Skin segmentation using color pixel classification: analysis and comparison. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(1), 148\u2013154 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"426_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s42979-021-00544-5","volume":"2","author":"A Choudhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choudhury, A., Talukdar, A.K., Sarma, K.K., Bhuyan, M.K.: An adaptive thresholding-based movement epenthesis detection technique using hybrid feature set for continuous fingerspelling recognition. SN Comput. Sci. 2(2), 1\u201321 (2021)","journal-title":"SN Comput. Sci."},{"key":"426_CR27","volume-title":"Handbook of Computer Vision Algorithms in Image Algebra","author":"JN Wilson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wilson, J.N., Ritter, G.X.: Handbook of Computer Vision Algorithms in Image Algebra. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2000)"},{"key":"426_CR28","volume-title":"Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis","author":"E Gose","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gose, E., Johnsonbaugh, R., Jost, S.: Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1996)"},{"issue":"8","key":"426_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1118\/1.598658","volume":"26","author":"N Petrick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Petrick, N., Chan, H.P., Sahiner, B., Helvie, M.A.: Combined adaptive enhancement and region-growing segmentation of breast masses on digitized mammograms. Med. Phys. 26(8), 1642\u20131654 (1999)","journal-title":"Med. Phys."},{"key":"426_CR30","unstructured":"Gallagher, N.B.: Savitzky\u2013Golay Smoothing and Differentiation Filter. https:\/\/eigenvector.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/SavitzkyGolay.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"426_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2017.2695539","volume":"40","author":"XY Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, X.Y., Yin, F., Zhang, Y.M., Liu, C.L., Bengio, Y.: Drawing and recognizing Chinese characters with recurrent neural network. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 40(4), 849\u2013862 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"9","key":"426_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2012.07.008","volume":"27","author":"YK Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, Y.K., \u017dalik, B., Wang, P.J., Podgorelec, D.: Directional difference chain codes with quasi-lossless compression and run-length encoding. Signal Process. Image Commun. 27(9), 973\u2013984 (2012)","journal-title":"Signal Process. Image Commun."},{"key":"426_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalchbrenner, N., Grefenstette, E., Blunsom, P.: A convolutional neural network for modelling sentences. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 655\u2013665. Association for Computational Linguistics (2014)","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-1062"},{"key":"426_CR34","volume-title":"Deep Learning with Python","author":"F Chollet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chollet, F.: Deep Learning with Python. Simon and Schuster, New York (2021)"},{"key":"426_CR35","unstructured":"Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.3555 (2014)"},{"key":"426_CR36","unstructured":"Kingma, D.P., Ba, J.: Adam: a method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980 (2014)"},{"issue":"2","key":"426_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/5.18626","volume":"77","author":"LR Rabiner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rabiner, L.R.: A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition. Proc. IEEE 77(2), 257\u2013286 (1989)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"}],"container-title":["International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-022-00426-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10032-022-00426-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-022-00426-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T12:54:43Z","timestamp":1728737683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10032-022-00426-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["426"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10032-022-00426-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-2833","1433-2825"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1433-2833"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-2825"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2022","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}