{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:50:48Z","timestamp":1781941848189,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62341604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62341604"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJDAR"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10032-026-00569-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T08:18:20Z","timestamp":1770193100000},"page":"509-529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Contour thinning for text detection in Mongolian handwritten historical documents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Liuxu","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuefeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"569_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3412433","author":"K Korovai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Korovai, K., Zhelezniakov, D., Yakovchuk, O., Radyvonenko, O., Sakhnenko, N., Deriuga, I.: Handwriting enhancement: recognition-based and recognition-independent approaches for on-device online handwritten text alignment. IEEE Access (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3412433","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"24","key":"569_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7917","DOI":"10.3390\/s24247917","volume":"24","author":"L Ding","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ding, L., Liu, Y., Zhao, Q., Liu, Y.: Text font correction and alignment method for scene text recognition. Sensors 24(24), 7917 (2024)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"569_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Fu, T., Li, B., Xue, X. EAFormer: Scene text segmentation with Edge-aware transformers. European Conference on Computer Vision. (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72698-9_24"},{"issue":"5","key":"569_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s44443-025-00101-7","volume":"37","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Ding, L., Liu, Y.: A text clarification and deep relational reasoning method for Mongolian-Chinese bilingual arbitrary-shaped scene text detection. J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci. 37(5), 1\u201330 (2025)","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"569_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, A., Biswas, S., Pal, U., Llados, J., Bhattacharya, S.: Fasttextspotter A high-efficiency transformer for multilingual scene text spotting. International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 135\u2013150 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78498-9_10"},{"key":"569_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Chen, J., Liang, L., Kuang, Z., Jin, L., Zhang, W.: Fourier contour embedding for arbitrary-shaped text detection. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 3123\u20133131 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00314"},{"issue":"3","key":"569_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2023.3299087","volume":"34","author":"Z Shao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shao, Z., Su, Y., Zhou, Y., Meng, F., Zhu, H., Liu, B., Yao, R.: CT-Net: arbitrary-shaped text detection via contour transformer. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 34(3), 1815\u20131826 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"569_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, B., Bai, X., Belongie, S.: Detecting oriented text in natural images by linking segments. Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 2550\u20132558 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.371"},{"key":"569_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Szegedy, C., Reed, S., Yangfu, C.: Ssd Single shot multibox detector. European conference on computer vision. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 21\u201337 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_2"},{"key":"569_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao, M., Shi, B., Bai, X., Wang, X., Liu, W.: Textboxes A fast text detector with a single deep neural network. Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence. 31 1 (2017)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v31i1.11196"},{"issue":"8","key":"569_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3676","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2825107","volume":"27","author":"M Liao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liao, M., Shi, B., Bai, X.: Textboxes++: a single-shot oriented scene text detector. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 27(8), 3676\u20133690 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"569_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Liang, B., Huang, Z., En, M., Han, J., Ding, E., Ding, X.: Look more than once: An accurate detector for text of arbitrary shapes. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 10552\u201310561 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.01080"},{"key":"569_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, P., Zhang, S., Zhang, H., Cao X.: Progressive contour regression for arbitrary-shape scene text detection. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 7393\u20137402 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00731"},{"key":"569_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Zhang, C., Shen, W., Yao, C., Liu, W., Bai, X: Multi-oriented text detection with fully convolutional networks. Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 4159\u20134167 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.451"},{"key":"569_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, D., Liu, H., Li, X., Cai, D: Pixellink detecting scene text via instance segmentation. Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence. 32 1 (2018)","DOI":"10.1609\/aaai.v32i1.12269"},{"key":"569_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, C., Lu, S., Zhang, W. MSR: Multi-scale shape regression for scene text detection. arXiv 2019. arXiv preprint arXiv:1901.02596 (2019)","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2019\/139"},{"key":"569_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Xie, E., Li, X., Hou, W., Lu, T., Yu, G., Shao, S.: Shape robust text detection with progressive scale expansion network. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition. 9336\u20139345 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00956"},{"key":"569_CR18","unstructured":"Liao, M., Wan, Z., Yao, C., Chen, K., Bai, X.: Real-time scene text detection with differentiable binarization, in AAAI, pp. 11 474\u201311 481 (2020)"},{"issue":"1","key":"569_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2022.3155612","volume":"45","author":"M Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao, M., Zou, Z., Wan, Z., Yao, C., Bai, X.: Real-time scene text detection with differentiable binarization and adaptive scale fusion. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 45(1), 919\u2013931 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"569_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.3390\/signals3030032","volume":"3","author":"A Droby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Droby, A., Kurar Barakat, B., Alaasam, R., Madi, B., Rabaev, I., EI-Sana, J.: Text line extraction in historical documents using mask R-CNN. Signals 3(3), 535\u2013549 (2022)","journal-title":"Signals"},{"key":"569_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rahal, N., V\u00f6gtlin, L., Ingold, R.: Layout analysis of historical document images using a light fully convolutional network. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 325\u2013341 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-41734-4_20"},{"issue":"04","key":"569_CR22","first-page":"297","volume":"54","author":"MM Sathik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sathik, M.M., Ratheash, R.S.: Text line segmentation in Tamil language palm leaf manuscripts-a novel approach. J. Tianjin Univ. Sci. Technol. 54(04), 297\u2013304 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Tianjin Univ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"569_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiessling, B.: Curt end-to-end text line detection in historical documents with transformers. International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 34\u201348 (2022)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-21648-0_3"},{"key":"569_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carion, N., Massa, F., Synnaeve, G., Usunier, N., Kirillov, A., Zagoruyko, S.: End-to-end object detection with transformers. European conference on computer vision. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020: 213\u2013229 (2020)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-58452-8_13"},{"key":"569_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, H, Liu, C, Wang, J, Huang, M, Zhou, W, Jin L. Dtdt: Highly accurate dense text line detection in historical documents via dynamic transformer. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 381\u2013396 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-41676-7_22"},{"key":"569_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, X., Wei, B., Gao, L., Wang, J. Seghist: A general segmentation-based framework for Chinese historical document text line detection. International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 391\u2013410 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-70543-4_23"},{"key":"569_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agrawal, V., Vadlamudi, N., Waseem, M., Joseph, A., Chitluri, S., Sarvadevabhatla, R.K. LineTR: Unified text line segmentation for challenging palm leaf manuscripts. International Conference on Pattern Recognition. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. 217\u2013233 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-78495-8_14"},{"key":"569_CR28","unstructured":"Yang, C., Chen, Z., Espinosa, M., Ericsson, L., Wang, Z., Liu, J., Crowley, E. Plainmamba: Improving non-hierarchical mamba in visual recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:2403.17695 (2024)"},{"key":"569_CR29","first-page":"3965","volume":"34","author":"Z Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai, Z., Liu, H., Le, Q.V., Tan, M.: Coatnet: marrying convolution and attention for all data sizes. Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst. 34, 3965\u20133977 (2021)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural. Inf. Process. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"569_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6431","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3379457","volume":"46","author":"T Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao, T., Li, Y., Pan, Y., Mei, T.: Hiri-vit: scaling vision transformer with high resolution inputs. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 46(9), 6431\u20136442 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"569_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-005-5724-z","volume":"134","author":"PT De Boer","year":"2005","unstructured":"De Boer, P.T., Kroese, D.P., Mannor, S., Rubinstein, R.Y.: A tutorial on the cross-entropy method. Ann. Oper. Res. 134, 19\u201367 (2005)","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"569_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shrivastava, A., Gupta, A., Girshick, R.: Training region-based object detectors with online hard example mining. Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, NV, USA (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.89"},{"key":"569_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","author":"S Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"569_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Simistira, F., Seuret, M., Eichenberger, N., Garz, A., Liwicki, M., Ingold, R. Diva-hisdb: A precisely annotated large dataset of challenging medieval manuscripts[C]\/\/2016 15th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, 471\u2013476 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2016.0093"},{"key":"569_CR35","first-page":"1171","volume":"2015","author":"M Murdock","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murdock, M., Reid, S., Hamilton, B., Reese, J.I.C.D.A.R.: competition on text line detection in historical documents 2015 13th international conference on document analysis and recognition (ICDAR). IEEE 2015, 1171\u20131175 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE"},{"key":"569_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudale, D., Kasuba, B.V., Subramanian, V., Chaudhuri, P., Ramakrishnan, G. TEXTRON: Weakly Supervised Multilingual Text Detection through Data Programming. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 2871\u20132880 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00285"},{"key":"569_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, W., Xie, E., Song, X., Zang, Y., Wang, W., Lu, T., Yu, G., Shen, C.: Efficient and accurate arbitrary-shaped text detection with pixel aggregation network, in ICCV, pp. 8439\u20138448 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00853"},{"key":"569_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S.X., Zhu, X., Hou, J.B., Liu. C., Yang, C., Wang, H., Yin X.C.: Deep relational reasoning graph network for arbitrary shape text detection. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 9699\u20139708 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR42600.2020.00972"},{"key":"569_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4142","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3294822","volume":"32","author":"H Bi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bi, H., Xu, C., Shi, C., Liu, G., Zhang, H., Li, Y., Dong, J.: HGR-net: hierarchical graph reasoning network for arbitrary shape scene text detection. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 32, 4142\u20134155 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"569_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, J., Fan, H., Zhang, L.: Kernel adaptive convolution for scene text detection via distance map prediction. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. 5957\u20135966 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00569"},{"issue":"1","key":"569_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/JDM.322086","volume":"34","author":"R Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, R., Chen, S., Zhao, F., Qiu, X.: Text detection model for historical documents using CNN and MSER. J. Database Manag. 34(1), 1\u201323 (2023)","journal-title":"J. Database Manag."},{"key":"569_CR42","unstructured":"Wang, H., Lu, P., Zhang, H.: All you need is boundary: toward arbitrary-shaped text spotting. The Association for the Advance of Artificial Intelligence, (pp. 351\u2013364). AAAI"},{"key":"569_CR43","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Chen, H., Shen, C. ABCNet: Real-time scene text spotting with adaptive Bezier-curve network. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, (pp. 168\u2013181). IEEE"},{"key":"569_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kudale, D., Kasuba, B.V., Subramanian, V et al. TEXTRON: Weakly supervised multilingual text detection through data programming. Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 2871\u20132880 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV57701.2024.00285"},{"key":"569_CR45","first-page":"865802","volume":"8658","author":"RW Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith, R.W.: History of the tesseract OCR engine: what worked and what didn\u2019t document recognition and retrieval XX. SPIE 8658, 865802 (2013)","journal-title":"SPIE"},{"key":"569_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3530-1","volume":"23","author":"S Mahdavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mahdavi, S., Rahnamayan, S., Mahdavi, A.: Majority voting for discrete population-based optimization algorithms. Soft. Comput. 23, 1\u201318 (2019)","journal-title":"Soft. Comput."}],"container-title":["International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-026-00569-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10032-026-00569-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10032-026-00569-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T07:08:40Z","timestamp":1781939320000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10032-026-00569-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["569"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10032-026-00569-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-2833","1433-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-2833","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}