{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T05:15:16Z","timestamp":1735967716730,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,9]],"date-time":"2005-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1123545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Anal Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-005-0240-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,8]],"date-time":"2005-08-08T14:44:04Z","timestamp":1123512244000},"page":"32-49","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Unsupervised learning of arbitrarily shaped clusters using ensembles of Gaussian models"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hichem","family":"Frigui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"240_CR1","volume-title":"Pattern classification and scene analysis","author":"RO Duda","year":"1973","unstructured":"Duda RO, Hart PE (1973) Pattern classification and scene analysis. Wiley, New York"},{"issue":"1","key":"240_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01600.x","volume":"39","author":"AP Dempster","year":"1977","unstructured":"Dempster AP, Laird NM, Rubin DB (1977) Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm. J R Stat Soc B 39(1):1\u201338","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc B"},{"key":"240_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316801","volume-title":"Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis","author":"L Kaufman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kaufman L, Rousseeuw PJ (1990) Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis. Addison Wesley, New York"},{"key":"240_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-0450-1","volume-title":"Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms","author":"JC Bezdek","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bezdek JC (1981) Pattern recognition with fuzzy objective function algorithms. Plenum, New York"},{"issue":"5","key":"240_CR5","first-page":"663","volume":"3","author":"R Krishnapuram","year":"1992","unstructured":"Krishnapuram R, Nasraoui O, Frigui H (1992) The fuzzy C spherical shells algorithms: a new approach. IEEE Trans 3(5):663\u2013671","journal-title":"IEEE Trans"},{"issue":"1","key":"240_CR6","first-page":"29","volume":"3","author":"R Krishnapuram","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krishnapuram R, Frigui H, Nasraoui O (1995) Fuzzy and possibilistic shell clustering algorithms and their application to boundary detection and surface approximation I. IEEE Trans 3(1):29\u201343","journal-title":"IEEE Trans"},{"issue":"5","key":"240_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1109\/34.765656","volume":"21","author":"H Frigui","year":"1999","unstructured":"Frigui H, Krishnapuram R (1999) A robust competitive clustering algorithm with applications in computer vision. IEEE Trans, PAMI 21(5):450\u2013465","journal-title":"IEEE Trans, PAMI"},{"issue":"8","key":"240_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1109\/34.85669","volume":"13","author":"JM Jolion","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jolion JM, Meer P, Bataouche S (1991) Robust clustering with applications in computer vision. IEEE Trans, PAMI 13(8):791\u2013802","journal-title":"IEEE Trans, PAMI"},{"issue":"5","key":"240_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1109\/34.391395","volume":"17","author":"T Darrell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Darrell T, Pentland P (1995) Cooperative robust estimation using layers of support. IEEE Trans, PAMI 17(5):474\u2013487","journal-title":"IEEE Trans, PAMI"},{"issue":"10","key":"240_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1109\/34.464558","volume":"17","author":"CV Stewart","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stewart CV (1995) MINPRAN: a new robust estimator for computer vision. IEEE Trans, PAMI 17(10):925\u2013938","journal-title":"IEEE Trans, PAMI"},{"key":"240_CR11","volume-title":"Numerical taxonomy\u2014the principles and practices of numerical classification","author":"PHA Sneath","year":"1973","unstructured":"Sneath PHA, Sokal RR (1973) Numerical taxonomy - the principles and practices of numerical classification. W. H. Freeman, San Francisco"},{"key":"240_CR12","unstructured":"Ester M, Kriegel HP, Sander J, Xu X (1996) A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining (KDD96) Portland Oregon"},{"key":"240_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xiaowei X, Ester M, Kriegel H, Sander J (1998) A distribution-based clustering algorithm for mining in large spatial databases. In: Proceedings of the 14th international conference on data engineering, Orlando, Florida, pp 324\u2013331","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDE.1998.655795"},{"key":"240_CR14","unstructured":"Hinneburg A, Keim D (1998) An Efficient approach to clustering in large multimedia databases with noise. In: Proceedings of the 4th international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining, New York, NY, pp 58\u201365"},{"key":"240_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ankerst M, Breunig MM, Kriegel H-P, Sander J (1999) OPTICS: ordering points to identify the clustering structure. In: Proceedings of the international conference on management of data (SIGMOD), Philadelphia PA","DOI":"10.1145\/304182.304187"},{"key":"240_CR16","unstructured":"Gustafson EE, Kessel WC (1979) Fuzzy clustering with a fuzzy covariance matrix. IEEE CDC, San Diego, California, pp 761\u2013766"},{"key":"240_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rhouma MB, Frigui H (2001) Self-organization of a population of coupled oscillators with application to clustering. IEEE Trans, PAMI 23(2)","DOI":"10.1109\/34.908968"},{"issue":"3","key":"240_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1109\/34.990138","volume":"24","author":"M Figueiredo","year":"2000","unstructured":"Figueiredo M, Jain A (2000) Unsupervised learning of finite mixture models. IEEE Trans, PAMI 24(3):381\u2013396","journal-title":"IEEE Trans, PAMI"},{"key":"240_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-69689-3","volume-title":"Chemical oscillations waves and turbulence","author":"Y Kuramoto","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kuramoto Y (1984) Chemical oscillations waves and turbulence. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York"},{"key":"240_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01029202","volume":"61","author":"SH Strogatz","year":"1991","unstructured":"Strogatz SH, Mirollo RE (1991) Stability of incoherence in a population of coupled oscillators. J Stat Phys 61:613\u2013635","journal-title":"J Stat Phys"},{"key":"240_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5193(67)90051-3","volume":"16","author":"AT Winfree","year":"1967","unstructured":"Winfree AT (1967) Biological rhythms and the behavior of populations of coupled oscillators. J Theor Biol 16:15\u201342","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"240_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0576-74","volume":"234","author":"J Buck","year":"1976","unstructured":"Buck J, Buck E (1976) Synchronous f.ireflies Scientific american, 234:74\u201385","journal-title":"Scientific american"},{"key":"240_CR23","first-page":"74","volume":"24","author":"J B\u00e9lair","year":"1988","unstructured":"B\u00e9lair J (1988) Periodic pulsatile stimulation of a nonlinear oscillator. J Math Biol 24:74\u201385","journal-title":"J Math Biol"},{"key":"240_CR24","first-page":"734","volume":"41","author":"JP Keener","year":"1981","unstructured":"Keener JP, Hoppensteadt FC, Rinzel J (1981) Integrate and fire models of nerve membrane response to oscillatory input SIAM. J Appl Math 41:734\u2013766","journal-title":"J Appl Math"},{"key":"240_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1137\/0150098","volume":"50","author":"RE Mirollo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mirollo RE, Strogatz SH (1990) Synchronization of pulse coupled biological oscillators. SIAM. J Appl Math 50:1645\u20131662","journal-title":"SIAM J Appl Math"},{"key":"240_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.55.R2104","volume":"55","author":"S Coombes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coombes S, Lord GJ (1997) Desynchronization of pulse-soupled integrate-and-fire neurons. Phys Rev E 55:2104\u20132107","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"240_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2789(98)00264-4","volume":"126","author":"BC Bressloff","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bressloff BC, Coombes S (1999) Symmetry and phase-locking in a ring of pulse-coupled oscillators with distributed delays. Physica D 126:99\u2013122","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"key":"240_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.74.1570","volume":"74","author":"U Ernst","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ernst U, Pawelzik K, Geisel T (1995) Synchronization induced by temporal delays in pulse-coupled oscillators. Phys Rev Lett 74:1570\u20131573","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"240_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00201473","volume":"73","author":"A Nischwitz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nischwitz A, Glunder H (1995) Local lateral inhibition: a key to spike synchronization. Biol Cybern 73:389\u2013400","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"240_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(94)00205-5","volume":"81","author":"D Terman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Terman D, Wang DL (1995) Global competition and local cooperation in a network of neural oscillators. Physica D 81:148\u2013176","journal-title":"Physica D"},{"key":"240_CR31","first-page":"297","volume-title":"Pulsed neural networks","author":"D Horn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Horn D, Opher I (1999) Collective excitaion phenomena and their applications. In: Maass W, Bishop CM (eds) Pulsed neural networks. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 297\u2013320"},{"key":"240_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3626-0","volume-title":"Vector quantization and signal compression","author":"A Gersho","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gersho A, Gray RM (1992) Vector quantization and signal compression. Kluwer, Dordrecht"},{"key":"240_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-88163-3","volume-title":"Self-organization and associative memory","author":"T Kohonen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kohonen T (1989) Self-organization and associative memory. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York"},{"key":"240_CR34","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Handbook of brain theory and neural networks","author":"G Carpenter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carpenter G, Grossberg S (1996) Adaptive resonance theory (ART). In: Arbib M (ed) Handbook of Brain Theory and Neural Networks. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 79\u201382"},{"key":"240_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guha S, Rastogi R, Shim K (1998) CURE: an efficient clustering algorithm for large data databases. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD conference on management of data, Seattle Washington","DOI":"10.1145\/276304.276312"},{"issue":"7","key":"240_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1109\/34.192473","volume":"11","author":"I Gath","year":"1989","unstructured":"Gath I, Geva AB (1989) Unsupervised optimal fuzzy clustering. IEEE Trans, PAMI 11(7):773\u2013781","journal-title":"IEEE Trans, PAMI"},{"key":"240_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/b106267","volume-title":"Fuzzy models and algorithms for pattern recognition and image processing","author":"JC Bezdek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bezdek JC, Keller J, Krishnapuram R, Pal NR (1999) Fuzzy models and algorithms for pattern recognition and image processing. Kluwer, Dordrecht"},{"key":"240_CR38","first-page":"150","volume-title":"Pattern recognition","author":"S Theodoridis","year":"1998","unstructured":"Theodoridis S, Koutroumbas K (1998) Pattern recognition. Academic, New York, pp 150\u2013154"},{"key":"240_CR39","unstructured":"Rissanen J (1989) Stochastic complexity in statistical inquiry. World Scientific"},{"key":"240_CR40","unstructured":"Nene SA, Nayar SK, Murase H (1996) Columbia object image library (COIL-20) Department of Computer Science, Columbia University http:\/\/www.cs.columbia.edu\/CAVE\/"},{"key":"240_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-74899-8","volume-title":"Pattern analysis and understanding","author":"H Niemann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Niemann H (1990) Pattern analysis and understanding. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York"},{"key":"240_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang J, Kumar SR, Mitra M, Zu W-J (1998) Spatial color indexing and applications. In: Proceedings of ICCV \u201998, Bombay","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710779"},{"key":"240_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-1904-8","volume-title":"Principal component analysis","author":"IT Jolliffe","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jolliffe IT (1986) Principal component analysis. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York"}],"container-title":["Pattern Analysis and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-005-0240-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10044-005-0240-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-005-0240-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T04:46:47Z","timestamp":1735879607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10044-005-0240-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,9]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["240"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-005-0240-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1433-7541"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-755X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,9]]}}}