{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T08:12:52Z","timestamp":1759133572016},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]],"date-time":"2007-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1192665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Anal Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-007-0084-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,17]],"date-time":"2007-10-17T03:00:06Z","timestamp":1192590006000},"page":"101-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Recognising facial expressions in video sequences"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Buenaposada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Baumela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"84_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flanagan JL, Huang TS (2003) Special issue on human\u2013computer multimodal interface. Proc IEEE, 91(9):1267\u20131468","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2003.817113"},{"key":"84_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1007\/s100440200029","volume":"5","author":"FM Alkoot","year":"2002","unstructured":"Alkoot FM, Kittler J (2002) Moderating k-nn classifiers. Pattern Anal Appl 5:326\u2013332","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Appl"},{"issue":"10","key":"84_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2004.77","volume":"26","author":"S Baker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baker S, Matthews I , Schneider J (2004) Automatic construction of active appearance models as an image coding problem. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 26(10):1380\u20131384","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR4","unstructured":"Barlett MS, Littlewort G, Braathen B, Sejnowki T, Movell\u00e1n J (2003) A prototype for automatic recognition of spontaneous facial actions. In: Becker S, Obermayer K (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems, vol 15. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 1271\u20131278"},{"key":"84_CR5","unstructured":"Barlett MS, Littlewort G, Frank M, Lainscsek C, Fasel IR, Movell\u00e1n J (2005) Recognizing facial expression: machine learning and application to spontaneous behaviour. In: Proceedings of CVPR, vol 2, pp 568\u2013573"},{"key":"84_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bascle B, Blake A (1998) Separability of pose and expression in facial tracing and animation. In: Proceedings of international conference on computer vision. IEEE, Washington, pp 323\u2013328","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.1998.710738"},{"key":"84_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2049","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.37.11.2049","volume":"37","author":"JN Basili","year":"1979","unstructured":"Basili JN (1979) Emotion recognition: the role of facial movement and the relative importance of upper and lower area of the face. J Pers Soc Psychol 37:2049\u20132059","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"84_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598228","volume":"19","author":"PN Belhumeur","year":"1997","unstructured":"Belhumeur PN, Hespanha JP, Kriegman DJ (1997) Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(7):711\u2013720","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR9","unstructured":"Belkin M, Niyogi P (2001) Laplacian eigenmaps and spectral techniques for embedding and clustering. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 585\u2013591"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007939232436","volume":"26","author":"MJ Black","year":"1998","unstructured":"Black MJ, Jepson AD (1998) Eigentracking: robust matching and tracking of articulated objects using a view-based representation. Int J Comput Vis 26(1):63\u201384","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007977618277","volume":"25","author":"MJ Black","year":"1997","unstructured":"Black MJ, Yacoob Y (1997) Recognizing facial expressions in image sequences using local parameterized models of image motion. Int J Comput Vis 25(1):23\u201348","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"84_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanz V, Vetter T (1999) A morphable model for the synthesis of 3d faces. In: Proceedings of SIGGRAPH. ACM Press, New York, pp 187\u2013194","DOI":"10.1145\/311535.311556"},{"issue":"3, 4","key":"84_CR13","first-page":"51","volume":"7","author":"JM Buenaposada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Buenaposada JM (2001) Buenaposada and Luis Baumela: variations of grey world for face tracking. Image Process Commun 7(3, 4):51\u201361","journal-title":"Image Process Commun"},{"key":"84_CR14","unstructured":"Buenaposada JM (2002) Buenaposada and Luis Baumela: real-time tracking and estimation of plane pose. In: Proceedings of international conference on pattern recognition, vol II, QC, Canada, August 2002. IEEE, Washington, pp 697\u2013700"},{"key":"84_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buenaposada JM, Mu\u00f1oz E, Baumela L (2006) Efficiently estimating facial expression and illumination in appearance-based tracking. In: Proceedings British machine vision conference, vol I, pp 57\u201366","DOI":"10.5244\/C.20.7"},{"key":"84_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang Y, Hu C, Turk M (2004) Probabilistic expression analysis on manifolds. In: Proceedings of CVPR, vol 2, pp 520\u2013527","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315208"},{"key":"84_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/S1077-3142(03)00081-X","volume":"91","author":"I Cohen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cohen I, Sebe N, Garg A, Chen LS, Huang TS (2003) Facial expression recognition from video sequences: temporal and static modeling. Comput Vis Image Underst 91:160\u2013187","journal-title":"Comput Vis Image Underst"},{"issue":"6","key":"84_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1109\/34.927467","volume":"23","author":"T Cootes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cootes T, Edwards GJ, Taylor C (2001) Active appearance models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 23(6):681\u2013685","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1109\/79.911197","volume":"18","author":"R Cowie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cowie R, Douglas-Cowie E, Tsapatsoulis N, Votsis G, Kollias S, Fellenz W, Taylor JG (2001) Emotion recognition in human\u2013computer interaction. Signal Process Mag, 18(1):32\u201380","journal-title":"Signal Process Mag"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008122917811","volume":"38","author":"D DeCarlo","year":"2000","unstructured":"DeCarlo D, Metaxas D (2000) Optical flow constraints on deformable models with applications to face tracking. Int J Comput Vis 38(2):99\u2013127","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008122917811","volume":"38","author":"D DeCarlo","year":"2000","unstructured":"DeCarlo D, Metaxas D(2000) Optical flow constraints on deformable models with applications to face tracking. Int J Comput Vis 38(2):99\u2013127","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"84_CR22","volume-title":"Pattern classification","author":"RO Duda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duda RO, Hart PE, Stork DG (2000) Pattern classification. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"84_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.4.384","volume":"44","author":"P Ekman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ekman P (1993) Facial expression and emotion. Am Psychol 44:384\u2013392","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.2.268","volume":"115","author":"P Ekman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ekman P (1994) Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: a reply to Russell\u2019s mistaken critique. Psychol Bull 115(2):268\u2013287","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"7","key":"84_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598232","volume":"19","author":"I Essa","year":"1997","unstructured":"Essa I, Pentland A (1997) Coding, analysis, interpretation, recognition of facial expressions. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(7):757\u2013763","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00052-3","volume":"36","author":"B Fasel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Fasel B, Luettin J (2003) Automatic facial expression analysis: a survey. Pattern Recognit 36:259\u2013275","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"issue":"3","key":"84_CR27","first-page":"407","volume":"33","author":"MKH Leung","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gao Y, Leung MKH, Hui SC, Tanada MW (2003) Facial expression recognition from line-based caricatures. Trans SMC A 33(3):407\u2013412","journal-title":"Trans SMC A"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0262-8856(95)01044-0","volume":"14","author":"A Gee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gee A, Cipolla R (1996) Fast visual tracking by temporal consensus. Image Vis Comput 14(2):105\u2013114","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"issue":"10","key":"84_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1109\/34.722606","volume":"20","author":"G Hager","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hager G, Belhumeur P (1998) Efficient region tracking with parametric models of geometry and illumination. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 20(10):1025\u20131039","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR30","unstructured":"He X, Niyogi P (2003) Locality preserving projections. In: Thrun S, Saul L, Sch\u00f6lkopf B (eds) Advances in neural information processing systems, vol 16. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"84_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu C, Ferris R, Turk M (2003) Active wavelet networks for face alignment. In: Proceedings of British machine vision conference","DOI":"10.5244\/C.17.40"},{"key":"84_CR32","unstructured":"Jongwoo L, Ross D, Ruei-Sung L, Ming-Hsuan Y (2004) Incremental learning for visual tracking. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, vol 17. MIT Press, Cambridge, 793\u2013800"},{"key":"84_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kanade T, Cohn J, Tian Y-L (2000) Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis. In: Proceedings of international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition, pp 46\u201353","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.2000.840611"},{"issue":"7","key":"84_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1109\/34.598231","volume":"19","author":"A Lanitis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lanitis A, Taylor CJ, Cootes TF (1997) Automatic interpretation and coding of face images using flexible models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 19(7):743\u2013756","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-8890(99)00103-7","volume":"31","author":"JJ Lien","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lien JJ, Kanade T, Cohn JF, Li C (1997) Detection, tracking and classification of action units in facial expression. J Rob Auton Syst 31:131\u2013146","journal-title":"J Rob Auton Syst"},{"issue":"12","key":"84_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1109\/34.817413","volume":"21","author":"MJ Lyons","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lyons MJ, Budynek L, Akamatsu S (1999) Automatic classification of single facial images. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 21(12):1357\u20131362","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"10","key":"84_CR37","first-page":"3474","volume":"74","author":"K Mase","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mase K (1991) Recognition of facial expression from optical flow. IEICE Trans E 74(10):3474\u20133483","journal-title":"IEICE Trans E"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000029666.37597.d3","volume":"60","author":"I Matthews","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matthews I, Baker S (2004) Active appearance models revisited. Int J Comput Vis 60(2):135\u2013164","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1145\/505282.505285","volume":"34","author":"MF McTear","year":"2002","unstructured":"McTear MF (2002) Spoken dialogue technology: enabling the conversational user interface. ACM Comput Surv 34(1):90\u2013169","journal-title":"ACM Comput Surv"},{"key":"84_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michel P, El Kaliouby R (2003) Real time facial expression recognition in video using support vector machines. In: Proceedings of international conference on multimodal interfaces. ACM, New York, pp 258\u2013264","DOI":"10.1145\/958432.958479"},{"key":"84_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz E, Buenaposada JM, Baumela L (2005) Efficient model-based 3d tracking of deformable objects. In: Proceedings of international conference on computer vision, Beijing, China, vol I, pp 877\u2013882,","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2005.84"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/jvci.1995.1001","volume":"6","author":"J Ohya","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ohya J, Kitamura Y, Takemura H, Ishi H, Kishino F, Terashima N (1996) Virtual space teleconferencing: real-time reproduction of 3d human images. J Vis Commun Image Represent 6(1):1\u201325","journal-title":"J Vis Commun Image Represent"},{"issue":"7","key":"84_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017623","volume":"24","author":"T Ojala","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ojala T, Pietikainen M, Menpp T (2002) Multirresolution gray-scale and rotation invariant texture classification with local binary patterns. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(7):971\u2013987","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00113-2","volume":"33","author":"N Oliver","year":"2000","unstructured":"Oliver N, Pentland A, B\u00e9rard F (2000) Lafter: a real-time face and lips tracker with facial expression recognition. Pattern Recognit 33:1369\u20131382","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"issue":"12","key":"84_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1109\/34.895976","volume":"22","author":"M Panti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Panti M, Rothkrantz LJM (2000) Automatic analysis of facial expressions: the state of the art. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 22(12):1424\u20131445","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"11","key":"84_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0262-8856(00)00034-2","volume":"18","author":"M Pantic","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pantic M, Rothkrantz LJM (2000) Expert system for automatic analysis of facial expressions. Image Vis Comput 18(11):881\u2013905","journal-title":"Image Vis Comput"},{"key":"84_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/e526112012-054","volume-title":"Affective computing","author":"RW Picard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Picard RW (1997) Affective computing. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"84_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-004-0207-4","volume":"7","author":"B Raducanu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Raducanu B, Gra\u00f1a M, Albizuri FX, d\u2019Anjou A (2004) A probabilistic hit-and-miss transform for face localization. Pattern Anal Appl 7:117\u2013127","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Appl"},{"key":"84_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-006-0025-y","volume":"9","author":"P Rani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rani P, Liu C, Sarkar N (2006) An empirical study of machine learning techniques for affect recognition in human-robot interaction. Pattern Anal Appl 9:58\u201369","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Appl"},{"key":"84_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romdhani S, Vetter T (2003) Efficient robust and accurate fitting of a 3rd morphable model. In: Proceedings of international conference on computer vision, vol 1, pp 59\u201366","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238314"},{"key":"84_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rose N (2006) Facial expression classification using gabor and log-gabor filters. In: Proceedings of international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition","DOI":"10.1109\/FGR.2006.49"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1109\/72.536309","volume":"7","author":"M Rosenblum","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenblum M, Yacoob Y, Davis LS (1996) Human expression recognition from motion using radial basis function network architecture. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 7(5):1121\u20131138","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"issue":"5500","key":"84_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2323","volume":"290","author":"S Roweis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roweis S, Saul LK (2000) Nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding. Science 290(5500):2323\u20132326","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1109\/34.655647","volume":"20","author":"H Rowley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rowley H, Baluja S, Kanade T (1998) Neural network-based face detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 20(1):23\u201328","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan C, Gong S, McOwan PW (2005) Appearance manifold of facial expression. In: IEEE international workshop on human\u2013computer interaction","DOI":"10.1007\/11573425_22"},{"key":"84_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shan C, Gong S, McOwan PW (2006) Dynamic facial expression recognition using a bayesian temporal manifold model. In: Proceedings of British machine vision conference vol 1, pp, 297\u2013306","DOI":"10.5244\/C.20.31"},{"issue":"5500","key":"84_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2319","volume":"290","author":"JB Tenenbaum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tenenbaum JB, de Silva V, Langford JC (2000) A global geometric framework for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Science 290(5500):2319\u20132323","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"84_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1109\/34.216726","volume":"15","author":"D Terzopoulos","year":"1993","unstructured":"Terzopoulos D, Waters K (1993) Analysis and synthesis of facial image sequences using physical and anatomical models. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 15(6):569\u2013579","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/34.908962","volume":"23","author":"Y Tian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tian Y, Kanade T, Cohn J (2001) Recognizing action units for facial expression analysis. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 23(2):97\u2013115","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR60","unstructured":"Tong Y, Liao W, Ji Q (2006). Inferring facial action units with causal relations. In: Proceedings of CVPR , vol 2, pp 1623\u20131630"},{"issue":"1","key":"84_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.1991.3.1.71","volume":"3","author":"M Turk","year":"1991","unstructured":"Turk M, Pentland A (1991) Eigenfaces for recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 3(1):71\u201386","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"84_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/B:VISI.0000013087.49260.fb","volume":"57","author":"P Viola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Viola P, Jones MJ (2004) Robust real-time face detection. Int J Comput Vis 57(2):137\u2013154","journal-title":"Int J Comput Vis"},{"key":"84_CR63","unstructured":"Wang J, Yin L, Wei X, Sun Y (2006) 3d facial expression recognition based on primitive surface feature distribution. In: Proceedings of CVPR, vol 2, pp 1399\u20131406"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1047","volume":"29","author":"Y Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu Y, Roy-Chowdhury AK (2007) Integrating motion, illumination and structure in video sequences with applications in illumination-invariant tracking. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 29(5):793\u2013806","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"issue":"6","key":"84_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1109\/34.506414","volume":"18","author":"Y Yacoob","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yacoob Y, Davis LS (1996) Recognizing human facial expressions from long image sequences using optical flow. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 18(6):636\u2013642","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeasin M, Bullot B, Sharma R (2004) From facial expression to levels of interest: a spatio-temporal approach. In: Proceedings of CVPR, vol 2, 922\u2013927","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2004.1315264"},{"key":"84_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Ji Q (2003) Facial expression understanding in image sequences using dynamic and active information fusion. In: Proceedings of international conference on computer vision, Nice, France","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2003.1238640"},{"issue":"5","key":"84_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2005.98","volume":"27","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Ji Q (2005) Active and dynamic information fusion for facial expression understanding from image sequences. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27(5):1\u201316","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"84_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Lyons M, Schuster M, Akamatsu S (1998) Comparison between geomtry-based and gabor wavelets-based facial expression recognition using multi-layer perceptron. In: Proceedings of international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition, Nara, Japan, pp 454\u2013459","DOI":"10.1109\/AFGR.1998.670990"},{"issue":"6","key":"84_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1110","volume":"29","author":"G Zhao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhao G, Piettik\u00e4inen M (2007) Dynamic texture recognition using local binary patterns with an application to facial expressions. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 29(6):915\u2013928","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"}],"container-title":["Pattern Analysis and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-007-0084-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10044-007-0084-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-007-0084-8","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T04:02:27Z","timestamp":1559102547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10044-007-0084-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["84"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-007-0084-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7541","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-755X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,18]]}}}