{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:29:20Z","timestamp":1777444160610,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]],"date-time":"2014-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413244800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Anal Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-014-0419-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,13]],"date-time":"2014-10-13T15:36:48Z","timestamp":1413214608000},"page":"983-1001","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The k-NN classifier and self-adaptive Hotelling data reduction technique in handwritten signatures recognition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Piotr","family":"Porwik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafal","family":"Doroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Orczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"419_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palys M, Doroz R, Porwik P (2013) On-line signature recognition based on an analysis of dynamic feature. In: IEEE international conference on biometrics and Kansei engineering (ICBAKE 2013), Tokyo Metropolitan University Akihabara, pp 103\u2013107. doi: 10.1109\/ICBAKE.2013.20","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBAKE.2013.20"},{"key":"419_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richiardi J, Ketabdar H, Drygajlo A (2005) Local and global feature selection for on-line signature verification. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on document analysis and recognition ICDAR\u201905, pp 625\u2013629","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2005.152"},{"key":"419_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ismail IA, Ramadan MA, Danf TE, Samak AH (2008) Automatic signature recognition and verification using principal components analysis. In: International conference on computer graphics. Imaging and visualization CGIV\u201908, pp 356\u2013361","DOI":"10.1109\/CGIV.2008.8"},{"issue":"15","key":"419_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2005.05.005","volume":"26","author":"H Lei","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lei H, Govindaraju VA (2005) Comparative study on the consistency of features in on-line signature verification. Pattern Recogn Lett 26(15):2483\u20132489","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn Lett"},{"key":"419_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doroz R, Porwik P, Wr\u00f3bel K (2013), Signature recognition based on voting schemes. International conference on biometrics and Kansei engineering (ICBAKE 2013), Tokyo, pp 53\u201357","DOI":"10.1109\/ICBAKE.2013.11"},{"issue":"27","key":"419_CR6","first-page":"48","volume":"1","author":"VA Bharadi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bharadi VA, Kekre HB (2010) Off-line signature recognition systems. Int J Comput Appl 1(27):48\u201356","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"419_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Impedovo D, Pirlo G (2008) Automatic signature verification: the state of the art. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern. C: Appl Rev 38(5):609\u2013635","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2008.923866"},{"key":"419_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porwik P (2007) The compact three stages method of the signature recognition. In: 6th international conference on computer information systems and industrial management applications, CISIM\u201907, pp 282\u2013287","DOI":"10.1109\/CISIM.2007.65"},{"key":"419_CR9","first-page":"172","volume-title":"10th IEEE international symposium on multimedia","author":"MT Ibrahi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ibrahi MT, Kyan MJ, Guan L (2008) On-line signature verification using most discriminating features and Fisher linear discriminant analysis. 10th IEEE international symposium on multimedia. Berkeley, CA, pp 172\u2013177"},{"key":"419_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li B, Wang K, Zhang D (2004) On-line signature verification based on PCA (principal component analysis) and MCA (minor component analysis). In: Proceedings of first international conference on biometric authentication ICBA\u201904, pp 540\u2013546","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25948-0_74"},{"key":"419_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/4908.001.0001","volume-title":"Nearest-neighbor methods in learning and vision: theory and practice. Neural information processing","author":"G Shakhnarovich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shakhnarovich G, Darrell T, Indyk P (2006) Nearest-neighbor methods in learning and vision: theory and practice. Neural information processing. The MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"419_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ryan TP (2011) Statistical methods for quality improvement. Wiley, New Jersey","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118058114"},{"issue":"3","key":"419_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-012-0283-9","volume":"17","author":"P Kudlacik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kudlacik P, Porwik P (2014) A new approach to signature recognition using the fuzzy method. Pattern Anal Appl 17(3):451\u2013463","journal-title":"Pattern Anal Appl"},{"key":"419_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson AY, Sun J, Bobick AF (2003) Using similarity scores from a small gallery to estimate recognition performance for larger galleries. In: IEEE international workshop on analysis and modeling of faces and gestures (AMFG2003), pp 100\u2013103","DOI":"10.1109\/AMFG.2003.1240830"},{"key":"419_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2006.06.007","volume":"40","author":"M Faundez-Zanuy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faundez-Zanuy M (2007) On-line signature recognition based onVQ-DTW. Pattern Recogn 40:981\u2013992","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn"},{"key":"419_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hanmandlu M, Hafizuddin MY, Madasu VK (2005) Off-line signature verification and forgery detection using fuzzy modeling. Patt Recogn 38:341\u2013356. http:\/\/www.cse.ust.hk\/svc2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2004.05.015"},{"key":"419_CR17","unstructured":"Sung-Hyug Cha (2007) Comprehensive survey on distance\/similarity Measures between probability density functions. Int J Math Models Methods Appl Sci 1:300\u2013307"},{"key":"419_CR18","unstructured":"Koprowski R, Wrobel Z, Zieleznik W (2010) Automatic ultrasound image analysis in Hashimoto\u2019s disease. 2nd Mexican conference on pattern recognition.\u00a0LNSI Springer, New York, vol 6256, pp 98\u2013106"},{"issue":"4","key":"419_CR19","first-page":"663","volume":"33","author":"P Porwik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Porwik P (2004) Efficient spectral method of identification of linear Boolean function. Cont Cybern 33(4):663\u2013678","journal-title":"Cont Cybern"},{"key":"419_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porwik P,\u00a0Doroz R, Wrobel K (2009) A new signature similarity measure, World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NABIC 2009), pp\u00a01021\u20131026","DOI":"10.1109\/NABIC.2009.5393858"},{"key":"419_CR21","first-page":"1289","volume":"3","author":"G Forman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Forman G (2003) An extensive empirical study of feature selection metrics for text classification. J Mach Learning Res 3:1289\u20131305","journal-title":"J Mach Learning Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"419_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0394.2011.00602.x","volume":"29","author":"M Kurzynski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kurzynski M, Wozniak M (2012) Combining classifiers under probabilistic models: experimental comparative analysis of methods. Exp Syst 29(4):374\u2013393","journal-title":"Exp Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"419_CR23","first-page":"855","volume":"22","author":"M Wo\u017aniak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wo\u017aniak M, Krawczyk B (2012) Combined classifier based on feature space partitioning. Appl Math Comput Sci 22(4):855\u2013866","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput Sci"},{"key":"419_CR24","first-page":"35","volume":"11","author":"R Koprowski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koprowski R, Teper SJ, Weglarz B et al (2012) Fully automatic algorithm for the analysis of vessels in the angiographic image of the eye fundus. Biomed Eng Line 11:35. doi: 10.1186\/1475-925X-11-35","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Line"},{"key":"419_CR25","unstructured":"Alpaydin E (2004) Introduction to machine learning. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"419_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155S","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.suppl_1.S155","volume":"18","author":"F Model","year":"2002","unstructured":"Model F, Konig T, Piepenbrock Ch, Adorjan P (2002) Statistical process control for large scale microarray experiments. Bioinformatics 18:155S\u2013163S","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"419_CR27","first-page":"364","volume":"4","author":"Y Chen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Chen Y, Dougherty ER, Bittner RL (1977) Ratio-based decisions and the quantitative analysis of cDNA microarray images. J Biomed Opt 4:364\u2013374","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"key":"419_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-33564-8_36","volume":"7594","author":"M Bernas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bernas M (2012) Objects detection and tracking in highly congested traffic using compressed video sequences. Lect Notes Comput Sci 7594:296\u2013303","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"419_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15907-7_26","volume":"6375","author":"B P\u0142aczek","year":"2010","unstructured":"P\u0142aczek B (2010) A real time vehicles detection algorithm for vision based sensors. Lect Notes Comput Sci 6375:211\u2013218","journal-title":"Lect Notes Comput Sci"},{"key":"419_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boole RM, Connell JH, Pankanti S, Ratha NK, Senior AW (2004) Guide to biometrics. Springer, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-4036-3"},{"key":"419_CR31","first-page":"1157","volume":"3","author":"I Guyon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guyon I, Elisseeff A (2003) An introduction to variable and feature selection. J Mach Learning Res 3:1157\u20131182","journal-title":"J Mach Learning Res"},{"key":"419_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doroz R, Wrobel K (2009) Method of signature recognition with the use of the mean differences. In: 31st international conference on information technology interfaces (ITI 2009), Croatia, pp 231\u2013235","DOI":"10.1109\/ITI.2009.5196085"},{"key":"419_CR33","unstructured":"Ruud MB, Connel JH, Pankanti S, Ratha NK, Senior AW (2008) Guide to biometrics. Springer, New York"},{"issue":"5","key":"419_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.3233\/IDA-2007-11508","volume":"11","author":"S Salvador","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salvador S, Chan P (2007) Toward accurate dynamic time warping in linear time and space. Intell Data Anal 11(5):561\u2013580","journal-title":"Intell Data Anal"},{"key":"419_CR35","unstructured":"Kirkwood BR, Sterne JAC (2003) Essentials of medical statistics. 2nd edn. Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey"},{"key":"419_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781849208499","volume-title":"100 statistical tests","author":"GK Kanj","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kanj GK (2006) 100 statistical tests, 3rd edn. Sage Publication Ltd., California","edition":"3"},{"key":"419_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05802-2","volume-title":"Applied multivariate statistical analysis","author":"W Hardle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hardle W, Simar L (2003) Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York"},{"issue":"3","key":"419_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177732979","volume":"2","author":"H Hotelling","year":"1931","unstructured":"Hotelling H (1931) The generalization of Student\u2019s ratio. Ann Math Stat 2(3):360\u2013378","journal-title":"Ann Math Stat"},{"key":"419_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1080\/03610919908813591","volume":"28","author":"YM Chou","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chou YM, Mason RL, Young JC (1999) Power comparisons for a Hotelling\u2019s T2 statistic. Commun in Stat. Part B. Simul Comput 28:1031\u20131050","journal-title":"Commun in Stat. Part B. Simul Comput"},{"key":"419_CR40","first-page":"98","volume":"29","author":"RL Mason","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mason RL, Tracy ND, Young JC (1995) Decomposition of T2 for multivariate control chart interpretation. J Quality Technol 29:98\u2013108","journal-title":"J Quality Technol"},{"key":"419_CR41","volume-title":"Principal component analysis, series: Springer series in Statistics","author":"IT Jolliffe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jolliffe IT (2002) Principal component analysis, series: Springer series in Statistics, 2nd edn. Springer, New York","edition":"2"},{"key":"419_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li B, Wang K, Zhang D (2004) On-line signature verification based on PCA (principal component analysis) and MCA (minor component analysis). In: Proceedings of ICBA\u201904. Conference. pp 540\u2013546","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-25948-0_74"},{"key":"419_CR43","volume-title":"SVD and signal processing II: algorithms. Analysis and applications","author":"R Vaccaro","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vaccaro R (1991) SVD and signal processing II: algorithms. Analysis and applications. Elsevier Science Publishers, North Holland"},{"issue":"1","key":"419_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1145\/1656274.1656278","volume":"11","author":"M Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall M, Frank E, Holmes G, Pfahringer B, Reutemann P, Witten IH (2009) The WEKA data mining software: an update. SIGKDD Explor 11(1):10\u201318","journal-title":"SIGKDD Explor"},{"issue":"1","key":"419_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L (2001) Random forests. Mach Learn 45(1):5\u201332","journal-title":"Mach Learn"},{"key":"419_CR46","unstructured":"Quinlan R (1993) C4.5: programs for machine learning. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Mateo"},{"key":"419_CR47","unstructured":"Fank F, Generating IH (1998) Accurate rule sets without global optimization. In: 15th international conference on machine learning, pp 144\u2013151"},{"key":"419_CR48","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"J Dem\u0161ar","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dem\u0161ar J (2006) Statistical comparisons of classifiers over multiple data sets. J Mach Learn Res 7:1\u201330","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"419_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1086\/340392","volume":"70","author":"M Xiong","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xiong M, Zhao J, Boerwinkle E (2002) Generalized T2 test for genome association studies. Am J Hum Genet 70:1257\u20131268","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"}],"container-title":["Pattern Analysis and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0419-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0419-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0419-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T04:26:41Z","timestamp":1565929601000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0419-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0419-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7541","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-755X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,14]]}}}