{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:14:16Z","timestamp":1777371256952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,27]],"date-time":"2014-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pattern Anal Applic"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-014-0438-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T03:46:23Z","timestamp":1419565583000},"page":"699-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Novel geometric features for off-line writer identification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Somaya","family":"Al-Maadeed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdelaali","family":"Hassaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bouridane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Atif","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"438_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Srihari SN, Cha S-H, Arora H, Lee S (2001) Individuality of handwriting: a validation study. In: Sixth International Conference on Document analysis and recognition, 2001. Proceedings. IEEE, pp 106\u2013109","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2001.953764"},{"key":"438_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nosary A, Heutte L, Paquet T, Lecourtier Y (1999) Defining writer\u2019s invariants to adapt the recognition task. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Document analysis and recognition, 1999. ICDAR\u201999. IEEE, pp 765\u2013768","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.1999.791900"},{"key":"438_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franke K, Schomaker L, Koppen M (2005) Pen force emulating robotic writing device and its application. In: IEEE Workshop on Advanced robotics and its social impacts, 2005. IEEE, pp 36\u201346","DOI":"10.1109\/ARSO.2005.1511616"},{"key":"438_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ma\u2019adeed S, Mohammed E, Al Kassis D (2008) Writer identification using edge-based directional probability distribution features for arabic words. In: IEEE\/ACS International Conference on Computer systems and applications, 2008. AICCSA 2008. IEEE, pp 582\u2013590","DOI":"10.1109\/AICCSA.2008.4493590"},{"key":"438_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marti U-V, Messerli R, Bunke H (2001) Writer identification using text line based features. In: Sixth International Conference on Document analysis and recognition, 2001. Proceedings. IEEE, pp 101\u2013105","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2001.953763"},{"key":"438_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Franke K, Bunnemeyer O, Sy T (2002) Ink texture analysis for writer identification. In: Eighth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting recognition, 2002. Proceedings. IEEE, pp 268\u2013273","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2002.1030921"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(99)00006-0","volume":"33","author":"HE Said","year":"2000","unstructured":"Said HE, Tan TN, Baker KD (2000) Personal identification based on handwriting. Pattern Recognit 33(1):149\u2013160","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"issue":"1","key":"438_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s100320200071","volume":"5","author":"U-V Marti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marti U-V, Bunke H (2002) The IAM-database: an English sentence database for offline handwriting recognition. Int J Doc Anal Recognit 5(1):39\u201346","journal-title":"Int J Doc Anal Recognit"},{"key":"438_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertel C, Bunke H (2003) A set of novel features for writer identification. In: Audio-and video-based biometric person authentication. Springer, pp 679\u2013687","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44887-X_79"},{"key":"438_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlapbach A, Bunke H (2004) Using HMM based recognizers for writer identification and verification. In: Ninth International Workshop on Frontiers in Handwriting recognition, 2004. IWFHR-9 2004. IEEE, pp 167\u2013172","DOI":"10.1109\/IWFHR.2004.107"},{"key":"438_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schlapbach A, Bunke H (2006) Off-line writer identification using Gaussian mixture models. In: 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2006. ICPR 2006. IEEE, pp 992\u2013995","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2006.894"},{"issue":"2","key":"438_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.5565\/rev\/elcvia.97","volume":"5","author":"A Bensefia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bensefia A, Paquet T, Heutte L (2005) Handwritten document analysis for automatic writer recognition. Electron Lett Comput Vis Image Anal 5(2):72\u201386","journal-title":"Electron Lett Comput Vis Image Anal"},{"key":"438_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqi IA, Vincent N (2007) Writer identification in handwritten documents. In: Ninth International Conference on Document analysis and recognition, 2007. ICDAR 2007. IEEE, pp 108\u2013112","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2007.4378685"},{"key":"438_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siddiqi I, Vincent N (2009) A set of chain code based features for writer recognition. In: 10th International Conference on Document analysis and recognition, 2009. ICDAR\u201909. IEEE, pp 981\u2013985","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2009.136"},{"issue":"11","key":"438_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2010.05.019","volume":"43","author":"I Siddiqi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Siddiqi I, Vincent N (2010) Text independent writer recognition using redundant writing patterns with contour-based orientation and curvature features. Pattern Recognit 43(11):3853\u20133865","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit"},{"issue":"4","key":"438_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2007.1009","volume":"29","author":"M Bulacu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bulacu M, Schomaker L (2007) Text-independent writer identification and verification using textural and allographic features. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal 29(4):701\u2013717","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal"},{"key":"438_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Imdad A, Bres S, Eglin V, Emptoz H, Rivero-Moreno C (2007) Writer identification using steered hermite features and svm. In: Ninth International Conference on Document analysis and recognition, 2007. ICDAR 2007. IEEE, pp 839\u2013843","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2007.4377033"},{"key":"438_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muda A, Shamsuddin S, Darus M (2008) Invariants discretization for individuality representation in handwritten authorship. Comp Forensics pp 218\u2013228","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-85303-9_20"},{"key":"438_CR19","unstructured":"Bozekov\u00e1 M (2008) Comparison of handwritings. In: Central European Seminar on Computer Graphics (cescg. org)"},{"key":"438_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dolega B, Agam G, Argamon S (2008) Stroke frequency descriptors for handwriting-based writer identification. In: Electronic Imaging 2008. International Society for Optics and Photonics, pp 68150I\u201368158I","DOI":"10.1117\/12.767227"},{"key":"438_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steinke K-H, Gehrke M, Dzido R (2009) Writer recognition by combining local and global methods. In: 2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, 2009. CISP\u201909. IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP.2009.5304397"},{"key":"438_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain R, Doermann D (2011) Offline Writer Identification using K-Adjacent Segments. In: 2011 International Conference on Document analysis and recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, pp 769\u2013773","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2011.159"},{"key":"438_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maadeed SA, Ayouby W, Hassaine A, Aljaam JM (2012) QUWI: an Arabic and English handwriting dataset for offline writer identification. In: 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, pp 746\u2013751","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2012.256"},{"key":"438_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassaine A, Maadeed SA (2012) ICFHR 2012 Competition on writer identification challenge 2: Arabic Scripts. In: 2012 International Conference on Frontiers in handwriting recognition (ICFHR). IEEE, pp 835\u2013840","DOI":"10.1109\/ICFHR.2012.218"},{"issue":"285\u2013296","key":"438_CR25","first-page":"23","volume":"11","author":"N Otsu","year":"1975","unstructured":"Otsu N (1975) A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. Automatica 11(285\u2013296):23\u201327","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"438_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassa\u00efne A, Al-Maadeed S, Alja\u2019am JM, Jaoua A, Bouridane A (2011) The ICDAR2011 Arabic writer identification contest. In: 2011 International Conference on Document analysis and recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, pp 1470\u20131474","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDAR.2011.292"},{"key":"438_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matas J, Shao Z, Kittler J (1995) Estimation of curvature and tangent direction by median filtered differencing. In: Image analysis and processing. Springer, pp 83\u201388","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-60298-4_240"},{"issue":"3","key":"438_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1145\/357994.358023","volume":"27","author":"T Zhang","year":"1984","unstructured":"Zhang T, Suen CY (1984) A fast parallel algorithm for thinning digital patterns. Commun ACM 27(3):236\u2013239","journal-title":"Commun ACM"},{"key":"438_CR29","unstructured":"Koppenhaver K (2007) Forensic document examination: Principles and practice. Humana Press Inc., Totowa, New Jersey"},{"key":"438_CR30","unstructured":"Hassa\u00efne A (2009) Restauration des pistes sonores optiques cin\u00e9matographiques: approche par traitement d\u2019images. Dissertation, \u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des Mines de Paris"}],"container-title":["Pattern Analysis and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0438-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0438-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0438-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T00:52:24Z","timestamp":1566175944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0438-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,27]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["438"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-014-0438-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1433-7541","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-755X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,27]]}}}